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| 11310695559 | Second Industrial Revolution | Steel, chemicals, electricity. This is the name for the new wave of more heavy industrialization starting around the 1860s; new technology & factory system (cheap labor); mass production; consolidation of power | 0 | |
| 11310695560 | Jay Gould | American financier and railroad developer | 1 | |
| 11310695561 | Robber Baron | Refers to the industrialists or big business owners who gained huge profits by paying their employees extremely low wages. They also drove their competitors out of business by selling their products cheaper than it cost to produce it. Then when they controlled the market, they hiked prices high above original price. | 2 | |
| 11310695562 | Interstate Commerce Act | 1887 law passed to regulate railroad and other interstate businesses | 3 | |
| 11310695563 | Hepburn Act | This 1906 law used the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate the maximum charge that railroads to place on shipping goods. | 4 | |
| 11310695564 | J.P. Morgan | Banker who buys out Carnegie Steel and renames it to U.S. Steel. | 5 | |
| 11310695565 | Andrew Carnegie | Scottish-born immigrant who started as clerk at PA Railroad; focused on Steel production for a growing nation (railroads and skyscrapers); Carnegie Steel dominated the American steel industry; also a philanthropist (money for libraries and universities) | 6 | |
| 11310695566 | Henry Bessemer | revolutionized the way to manufacture steel by making the process quicker and more efficient | 7 | |
| 11310695567 | vertical integration | Practice where a single company controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution | 8 | |
| 11310695568 | John D. Rockefeller | Wealthy owner of Standard Oil Company; used ruthless tactics to eliminate other businesses. Built trusts and used money to influence government. | 9 | |
| 11310695569 | Standard Oil Trust | Rockefeller's company, in 1881, owned 90 percent of the oil refinery business | 10 | |
| 11310695570 | horizontal consolidation | A form of monopoly that occurs when one person or company gains control of one aspect of an entire industry or manufacturing process | 11 | |
| 11310695571 | Trust | A group of corporations run by a single board of directors | 12 | |
| 11310695572 | Sherman Anti-Trust Act | First federal action against monopolies; failed to clearly define a "trust"; Supreme Court interpreted it to favor Big Business; initially misused against labor unions; T. Roosevelt later used it to break up some monopolies | 13 | |
| 11310695573 | Holding Company | A company whose primary business is owning a controlling share of stock in other companies. | 14 | |
| 11310695574 | Thomas Edison | American inventor best known for inventing the electric light bulb, acoustic recording on wax cylinders, and motion pictures; invention factory at Menlo Park | 15 | |
| 11310695575 | New South Creed | idea that promoted industry, diversification of agriculture, white and black cooperation, need for new men to lead South, need for harmonious relations with the North | 16 | |
| 11310695576 | Cheap Labor | Child labor was common (mines, textile mills, sweatshops); immigrant labor; Women (young farm women who migrated to cities and immigrant daughters) | 17 | |
| 11310695577 | Horatio Alger | 19th-century American author, best known for his many formulaic juvenile novels about impoverished boys and their rise from humble backgrounds to lives of middle-class security and comfort through hard work, determination, courage, and honesty. | 18 | |
| 11310695578 | Struggles of Union Organization | Significant divisions between skilled and unskilled labor; ethnic and religious tensions among workers; Public and Govt viewed Unions as radical (socialism or communism) | 19 | |
| 11310695579 | National Labor Union | 1866 - established by William Sylvis - wanted 8hr work days, banking reform, and an end to conviction labor - attempt to unite all laborers | 20 | |
| 11310695580 | Knights of Labor | Led by Terence V. Powderly; open-membership policy extending to unskilled, semiskilled, women, African-Americans, immigrants; goal was to create a cooperative society between in which labor owned the industries in which they worked; also promoted social reforms (temperance) | 21 | |
| 11310695581 | Chinese Exclusion Act | (1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate. American workers felt threatened by the job competition. | 22 | |
| 11310695582 | American Federation of Labor | Led by Samuel Gompers; alliance of skilled workers in craft unions; focus was bread-and butter issues such as higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions | 23 | |
| 11310695583 | 1877 Railroad Strike | rail workers strike in response to layoffs and poor conditions, leads to serious riot; federal govt sent in army to break the strike | 24 | |
| 11310695584 | Yellow Dog contracts | Contracts that force employees to agree not to join a union or participate in any union activity as a condition of employment | 25 | |
| 11310695585 | Haymarket Riot | Rally was being held for striking workers, a bomb was hurled toward police officials, and police opened fire on the demonstrators; numerous policemen and demonstrators were killed and wounded; response in nation's press was very anti-union. | 26 | |
| 11310695586 | Homestead Strike | Battle among strikers and Carnegie's Pinkerton detectives in 1892; Carnegie's reputation damaged by strike | 27 | |
| 11310695587 | Pullman Strike | in Chicago, Pullman cut wages but refused to lower rents in the "company town", Eugene Debs had American Railway Union refuse to use Pullman cars, federal troops sent in to break strike | 28 | |
| 11310695588 | Eugene Debs | Leader of the American Railway Union, he voted to aid workers in the Pullman strike. He was jailed for six months | 29 | |
| 11310695589 | Mother Jones | Labor activist who was a member of the Knights of Labor union and organized strikes and protests to create awareness of the plight of mine workers and child laborers. | 30 | |
| 11310695590 | United Mine Workers | labor union formed in 1890 to represent coal miners | 31 | |
| 11310695591 | Adam Smith | Scottish economist who wrote the Wealth of Nations; laissez-faire capitalism | 32 | |
| 11310695592 | Gospel of Wealth | The idea that wealth is God-given and that those who have wealth are obligated to carry out projects of civic philanthropy for the benefit of society; written by Andrew Carnegie | 33 | |
| 11310695593 | William Graham Sumner | He was an advocate of Social Darwinism claiming that the rich were a result of natural selection and benefits society. He, like many others promoted the belief of Social Darwinism which justified the rich being rich, and poor being poor. | 34 | |
| 11310695594 | Social Darwinism | "surival of the fittest" justifies the competition of laissez-faire capitalism and imperialist policies. | 35 | |
| 11310695595 | Looking Backward | 1888—written by Edward Bellamy; utopian novel that described the world of the future where poverty and corrupt politics were unknown; socialism in the future | 36 |
