Chapter 1 Vocab for AP US History.
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| 1156750469 | Marco Polo | An Italian merchant traveler, He reached further than any of his predecessors, beyond Mongolia to China. First Europeans to travel across Asia through China, visiting the Kublai Khan in Beijing. | 1 | |
| 1156750470 | Francisco Pizarro | Spanish conquistador who traveled through much of the Pacific coast of America along Peru. He "discovered" the Incan empire and conquered it brutally and quickly, stealing immense hoards of gold, silver, and other treasures. (1532-1541) | 2 | |
| 1156750471 | Juan Ponce de Leon | Spanish explorer and soldier who was the first European to set foot in Florida. He also established the oldest European settlement in Puerto Rico and discovered the Gulf Stream. Was looking for the fountain of youth. 1513 & 1521 | 3 | |
| 1156750472 | Hernando de Soto | 16th century Spanish explorer arrived in the West Indies as a young man and went on to make a fortune in the Central American slave trade. | 4 | |
| 1156750473 | Montezuma | Was the ninth Aztec emperor, and was killed during the spanish conquest of Mexico after he was captured by Conquistador Hernan Cortes | 5 | |
| 1156750474 | Christopher Columbus | An Italian explorer, and navigator. He completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean and that led to the general awareness of the American Continents. (1492) | 6 | |
| 1156750475 | Hernan Cortes | Led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century. | 7 | |
| 1156750476 | Francisco Coronado | Spanish conquistador who visited New Mexico and other parts of what are now the southeastern United States between 1540 and 1542. Hoped to conquer the Seven Cities of Gold. | 8 | |
| 1156750477 | Robert de La Salle | French explorer who explore the great lakes, Canada, the Mississippi River, and the Gulf of Mexico 1671-1673 | 9 | |
| 1156750478 | Jacques Cartier | French explorer who claim Canada for the French. He also mapped out the St. Lawrence River and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. 1534-1542 | 10 | |
| 1156920043 | Giovanni da Verrazano | Florentine explorer of North America. He sought a passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific. He was financed by King Francis of France, and concentrated solely on the Atlantic seaboard between the Carolinas and Newfoundland in 1524. | 11 | |
| 1156920044 | John Cabot | An Italian explorer who was known for his exploration of North America in 1497. Under Henry VII's commission, he was the first European to see North America since the Norse Viking expeditions in the eleventh century. He first landed in present-day Newfoundland, a province of Canada. | 12 | |
| 1156920045 | Vasco Nunez Balboa | Spanish explorer, governor, and conquistador. He crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in 1513. Traveled to the New World in 1500 and settled on the island of Hispaniola. | 13 | |
| 1156920046 | Ferdinand of Aragon & Isabella of Castile | Known for completing the Reconquista which was ordering exile of their Muslim and Jewish subjects and supporting and financing Christopher Columbus' voyage that led to finding the New World. | 14 | |
| 1156920047 | Quetzalcoatl | Aztec deity depicted as a feathered serpent. Montezuma originally thought that Cortez was quetzalcoatl when he landed in Mexico. | 15 | |
| 1156920048 | Bartholomeu Dias | A Portuguese explorer. He was the first person to sail around the southern tip of Africa in 1488. This discovery made it easier for Europeans to trade with India and parts of Asia. | 16 | |
| 1156920049 | Hiawatha | Legendary Native American Leader that thought to unify the Iroquois so he founded the Iroquois confederacy. | 17 | |
| 1156920050 | Bartolome de Las Casas | A 16th century Spanish historian and Dominican friar. He became the first resident Bishop of Chiapas and the first appointed "Protector of the Indians". | 18 | |
| 1156920051 | Ferdinand Magellan | Portuguese explorer who was the first person to circumnavigate the globe during 1519-1522 | 19 | |
| 1156920052 | Vasco da Gama | A very successful Portuguese explorer during the Age of Discovery. He was the commander of the first ships to sail directly from Europe to India. Landed in India on May 20, 1498 | 20 | |
| 1156920053 | Mestizos | A mixed race when someone is part Native American and other part Spanish. | 21 | |
| 1156920054 | Treaty of Tordesillas | Treaty that was signed saying what lands in the new world would belong to Spain and which to Portugal. Lands to the west belonged to the Spanish and the lands to the east were Portuguese. | 22 | |
| 1156920055 | "Three Sister" Farming | The three main crops farmed by native americans. They were squash, beans, and corn. They would grow the beans up the corn stalk and plant squash around the corn. | 23 | |
| 1156920056 | Great Ice Age | Long term reduction in temperature that caused a glacial age. This caused the expansion of the polar ice caps and glaciers in the north. Present day evidence are the natural lakes and rivers carved by the glaciers. | 24 | |
| 1156920057 | Mound Builders | Various Native American people that lived between the fifth and sixteenth centuries. Especially in the Ohio and Mississippi River Valley, they practiced settled agriculture and are known for their often large burial and effigy mounds. | 25 | |
| 1156920058 | Spanish Armada | The great fleet sent by Philip the Second of Spain to defeat the English in 1588 because he wanted Queen Elizabeth to restore England to Catholicism. The fleet was defeated by the English and then scattered by storms off the Hebrides. | 26 | |
| 1156920059 | Black Legend | A false notion spread by the English that said Spanish conquerors did little but butcher the Indians and steal their gold in the name of Christ. There is a little bit of truth to this, but there were also efforts to Catholicize the Indians. In fact, Queen Isabella of SPAIN said to protect the Indians on her deathbed...for these reasons the amount of truth is still debated today. | 27 | |
| 1156920060 | Conquistadores | The Spanish word for "conqueror". Were Spaniards who conquered the native people of North and South America during the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. They were not known as nice guys, but they were effective. | 28 | |
| 1156920061 | Aztecs | People who settled in Mexico in the 1300's and very quickly established an empire. Their empire thrived until Hernando Cortes came in 1519 and conquered. The Aztecs were known for their hard work and ability to build temples, pyramids, make jewelry, weapons, and clothing. | 29 | |
| 1156920062 | Pope's Rebellion | Pueblo revolt of 1680 was an uprising of Pueblo Indians against Spanish colonizers in present day New Mexico. 400 Spanish were killed and the remaining 2,000 settlers were driven out of the province. | 30 | |
| 1156920063 | Pueblo Indians | They inhabited the rio grande valley, they had intricate irrigation systems to water there corn. Their name means village in spanish, which is what the spanish called them when the found them because the dwelled in high terraced buildings like these! | 31 | |
| 1156920064 | Iroquois Confederacy | Bound together five indian nations, the mohawks, the oneidas, the onondagas, the cayugas, and the senecas. Them joining together rivaled other bigger tribes, the french, and the english, they were able to control trade prices. It became a pact of six in 1722. | 32 | |
| 1156920065 | Cartography | The study or practice of making maps. This practice allowed sailors to sail across the sea and thus lead to the discoveries the sailors made! | 33 | |
| 1156920066 | Vinland | The name given to an area of North America around 1000-1300 A.D. by Norse Vikings, arguably the first to discover the "New World". | 34 | |
| 1156920067 | St. Augustine, Florida | A city in Northeast Florida and the oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement and port in the continental United States. It was named after a Christian Theologian once found in 1565. | 35 | |
| 1156920068 | Spice Islands | Maluku Islands were an archipelago in Indonesia. It was a large producer of rare spices for Asia as some spices were ONLY found there. | 36 | |
| 1156920069 | Moors | North African Muslims from Spain; Their capital was Granada which is known for the 1066 Granada Massacre where a Muslim mob stormed the royal palace and massacred most of the Jewish population. | 37 | |
| 1156920070 | Encomienda | A legal system that was employed in 1512 mainly by the Spanish crown during the Spanish colonization of the Americas to regulate Native American labor and autonomy. | 38 | |
| 1156920071 | Malinchista | (Donna Marie) Epithet to describe traitorous behavior in Mexico. A woman named Malinche helped Hernan Cortes interpret the languages the native people spoke, and became his lover. (1519) | 39 | |
| 1156920072 | Dia de la Raza | It is the celebration of the arrival of Christopher Columbus. The day is celebrated on October 12. | 40 |
