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| 4964189053 | Native American History: Origins of Early People in the Americas | Native American History: Origins of Early People in the Americas | 0 | |
| 4964191465 | Berengia | the idea is that during the last ice age, about 20,000 years ago (or a little less), lower water levels created a frozen bridge of land. The first settlers of the Americas are believed to have come across this land bridge | 1 | |
| 4964213988 | Atlantic Theory | Archeologists have found these specific, early spear points, originally found near Clovis, New Mexico. Being deemed Clovis Points, for a long time they were offered as evidence for the Land Bridge theory because similar points have been discovered in the area the around Beringia. It turns out, though, these spear points are very similar to points found in Europe, and the oldest example to be found in the Americas have actually been found in the Eastern U.S. This points to migration from Europe to the east of the Americas. This migration pattern would mean that the people who made these earliest spear points had to cross the Atlantic. | 2 | |
| 4964216846 | Oceania Theory | The best evidence of this is the finding of the Kennewick Man. The 9,500-year old Kennewick skeletal remains were found in Washington State in the nineties. Theory based on the cultural and linguistic similarities between native South American people's and those from Australia and Polynesia. This theory would also mean people would have had to use boats to cross the Pacific. Theory based on the cultural and linguistic similarities between native South American people's and those from Australia and Polynesia. This theory would also mean people would have had to use boats to cross the Pacific. | 3 | |
| 4964398890 | The 'Kennewick Man' has features resembling: | Ainu | 4 | |
| 4964398891 | The most accepted theory of how early people found their way to the Americas is: | The Bering Land Bridge Theory | 5 | |
| 4964401327 | The Oceania Theory is based on the notion that cultural and linguistic similarities exist between native South American peoples and those from: | Australia and Polynesia | 6 | |
| 4964404399 | Clovis Points are spear tips that were first found in: | Clovis, New Mexico | 7 | |
| 4964406929 | The exposed area of frozen land where it is believed the earliest people crossed to the Americas is called: | Beringia | 8 | |
| 4981879288 | Mesoamerican Civilizations: The Olmecs to Cortes | Mesoamerican Civilizations: The Olmecs to Cortes | 9 | |
| 4981888063 | Mesoamerica | 'Meso' means 'middle', and these Mesoamerican cultures are the early advanced civilizations of Mexico and Central America. | 10 | |
| 4981891071 | Olmec | - The Olmec were the first complex society in the region. - inhabited a small area of about 125 by 50 miles in what is today southern Mexico from around 1400 BCE to about 400 BCE - developed the first written language and numbering system in Mesoamerica - left amazing artifacts, like this jade mask and this giant head, |  | 11 |
| 4981916699 | Maya | - flourished with their great cities from about 250 CE until around 1400 - covered southern Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras - included amazing pyramids, like this from Tikal, one of the largest sites left of the Maya. | 12 | |
| 4981937335 | The Aztec and Cortes | - Aztecs emerged around 1325 and were conquered by Hernando Cortes in 1521 - Westerners actually encountered Aztec culture in all its glory - believed that the god, Quetzalcoatl (who, coincidentally, was believed to have light skin, red hair and light eyes), was supposed to return to earth. When the Spanish showed up, the Aztecs gave them food, gold and women... - believed that the god, Quetzalcoatl (who, coincidentally, was believed to have light skin, red hair and light eyes), was supposed to return to earth. When the Spanish showed up, the Aztecs gave them food, gold and women... | 13 | |
| 4981980425 | Why are the Olmecs considered the first complex society in Mesoamerica? | They developed the region's first written language and numbering system. | 14 | |
| 4981982356 | How did the Aztecs become a wealthy and glorious empire? | By conquering other tribes and collecting tributes | 15 | |
| 4981984165 | The most influential factor in the fall of the Aztecs was: | Vulnerability to European disease | 16 | |
| 4981986265 | How did the Aztecs react to the arrival of the Spanish? | They welcomed the Spanish with gold, food and women. | 17 | |
| 4981988167 | Today, Mayan people can be found all over Southern Mexico, but then, why do so many people consider that the Maya have disappeared? | The Maya left their cities and scattered around the villages of the region. | 18 | |
| 4981998138 | The Inca Civilization and Pizarro: Pre-Columbian South America | The Inca Civilization and Pizarro: Pre-Columbian South America | 19 | |
| 4982041002 | The Inca | - originated in what today is Peru but built their empire to include a large component of the western coast of South America - step agriculture - line of the Inca kings actually begins in the 12th century with Manco Capac - Empire didn't really begin until a couple of centuries later when the Inca began conquering other peoples of the region under King Pachacutec | 20 | |
| 4982045642 | step agriculture | This form of agriculture has been developed in other mountainous areas, like China's famous dragon back terraces. The accomplishment of the Inca was equally impressive! | 21 | |
| 4982068557 | The Incan Army | Their uniforms were colorful. They entered battle accompanied by drums, flutes and trumpets. The army was well organized, healthy and well trained. They even had protective headgear and a lot of medicines. They were armed with superior weapons compared to all the other neighboring tribes. Their main weapon was a wooden club, but they also had spears, bows and other weapons as well! | 22 | |
| 4982084829 | Francisco Pizarro | had heard the stories of Inca wealth, so like any good conquistador, he wanted to go get some of that Inca gold, conquered the inca within yeats | 23 | |
| 4982141554 | The Inca were defeated by: | Francisco Pizarro | 24 | |
| 4982143569 | The last ruler of the Inca before the Spanish was: | Atahualpa | 25 | |
| 4982145337 | King Pachacutec of the Inca was: | The subject of many differeing stories and legends An excellent leader who invited conquered peoples to join the Inca Empire His father's replacement as king The first king of the Inca Empire | 26 | |
| 4982152911 | The area from which the Inca originated is what country today? | Peru | 27 | |
| 4982154646 | The people known for leaving amazing lines in the deserts of Peru are called: | The Nazca People | 28 | |
| 4994579934 | Pre-Columbian Civilization: North American Indians Before Europeans | Pre-Columbian Civilization: North American Indians Before Europeans | 29 | |
| 4994581093 | The Tribes of the Northeast | - tribes that encountered the Pilgrim - lived in the territory from the Atlantic shores to the Mississippi Valley and from the Great Lakes to as far south as the Cumberland River in Tennessee - cleared forests to plant crops and used the lumber to build homes and make tools. The women of many of these tribes did all of the work with crops, while the men primarily hunted and fished. - Iroquois social structure is that it was matrilineal - quite famous because it is believed that the coming together of the 13 colonies was based on this coming together of this group consisting of the Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, and the Mohawk tribes | 30 | |
| 4994582534 | The Tribes of the Southeast | - cultural group stretched from the Atlantic Ocean to the Trinity River in what is today Texas and from the Gulf of Mexico north as far as points in modern-day Missouri, Kentucky, and West Virginia. - tribes in this group included the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole - many of them decided to adopt customs of the colonists. - people who later were victims of the forced relocation known as the Trail of Tears. - first and foremost farmers with hunting and fishing coming in second as their source of sustenance. They lived in various styles of houses. They included thatched roofs and various styles for the sides. | 31 | |
| 4994584028 | The Tribes of the Southwest | - goes from the south of present-day Utah and Colorado down through Arizona and New Mexico. This includes parts of Texas, California, and Oklahoma and continues into Mexico. - farming and nomadic - tribes like the Hopi and Zuni developed desert farming techniques that did not require irrigation - hunters/gatherers | 32 | |
| 4994585703 | The Tribes of the Northwest Coast | - followed the West Coast all the way from Northern California all the way up to the southernmost parts of Alaska. - oceans, rivers, and forests to offer up plenty of fish and gam - Chinook and Tillamook are two of the well-known tribes of this region. | 33 | |
| 4994586445 | The Tribes of the Great Plains | - covered much of the middle of what is today the U.S. and Canada. - The Plains tribes are greatly tied to horse culture and the hunting of the buffalo, but remember, this lifestyle was not possible until the horse was introduced to the Americas by Europeans. - Earlier, many of these tribal groups were hunter-gatherers and farmers who lived in villages or at least semi-permanent settlements | 34 | |
| 4994600119 | How were the Chinook and Tillamook tribes able to achieve an affluent, highly complex society? | Food and building materials were readily available due to their positioning, so these tribes had time to achieve an affluent, highly complex society. | 35 | |
| 4994600120 | How did the Dakota, Lakota, and Nakota people acquired the name Sioux? | Through their enemies. | 36 | |
| 4994601018 | Which of the following best describes the Iroquois social structure? | At the time of marriage a man joins his wife's family. | 37 | |
| 4994601196 | Why were the tribes that included the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole considered to be civilized? | Because they adopted customs of the colonists. | 38 | |
| 4994601979 | Effects of European Colonization: Christopher Columbus and Native Americans | Effects of European Colonization: Christopher Columbus and Native Americans | 39 | |
| 4994602873 | God, gold, and glory. | Columbus was followed by wave upon wave of European explorers and conquerors motivated by | 40 | |
| 4994605507 | native cultures | were quite advanced in, say, astronomy or agriculture or engineering, they still used Stone Age tools made from bone, wood, stone, or clay with very limited knowledge of metalworking and no steel. | 41 | |
| 4994608220 | the Treaty of Tordesillas | Pope had divided the so-called 'uncivilized world' between Portugal and Spain in a deal known as | 42 | |
| 4994619443 | How did European metal affect the lives of Native Americans? | European metal tools were superior to their tools. | 43 | |
| 4994619444 | Which were the most common motivators for European exploration in the time of Columbus? | Gold, glory and God | 44 | |
| 4994619647 | How did the reintroduction of horses affect the lives of American tribes? | Horses were used for war and hunting. | 45 | |
| 4994619769 | Why did European monarchs of the 15th century sponsor the voyages of many explorers? | They wanted to engage in lucrative trade in Asia. | 46 | |
| 4994619856 | What was the most significant cause of death among Native Americans following contact with Europeans? | Disease | 47 | |
| 5010853131 | New Spain: Spanish Explorers and Spanish Colonies | New Spain: Spanish Explorers and Spanish Colonies | 48 | |
| 5010856135 | Christopher Columbus | was the first European to discover the New World. | 49 | |
| 5010860378 | Amerigo Vespucci | born in Italy, but he eventually became a Spanish citizen. You might notice what his biggest legacy in the new world is - his name. You see, it was Vespucci who realized that the Americas were, in fact, not in Asia. A very well-educated man, he figured out the Earth's circumference at the equator within about 50 miles of accuracy. | 50 | |
| 5010865240 | Conquistadors | are soldier/explorers who sailed for personal profit under the banner of the Spanish crown, but they also considered themselves to basically be crusaders. Conquistadors always had priests with them whose duty it was to bring Christianity to the natives they | 51 | |
| 5010872120 | Francisco Pizarro | is most known for his defeat of the Inca in 1535 | 52 | |
| 5010876100 | Vasco Nunez de Balboa | came from a poor Spanish family, but he rose to be famous for being the first European to cross Panama and actually see the Pacific Ocean in 1513. When he climbed a peak alone on the expedition, he saw the great water mass and claimed it for Spain. | 53 | |
| 5010879975 | Juan Ponce de Leonil | is most famous for searching for and possibly finding the Fountain of Youth. Of course, fame and fact are not the same thing. It was published after his death that this was his reason for exploration. What we know as more dependable information is that he was the first European to step foot in Florida. So, he is the first of the age of discovery in 1513 to step on what is today U.S. so | 54 | |
| 5010883530 | Francisco Vasquez de Coronado | conquistador known for looking for something thought of as a myth. He was looking for El Dorado - the seven cities of gold. El Dorado was quite possibly a deception on the part of natives. They may have been telling the Spanish about it so that they would go off to find it and leave them alone. It is also possible that it just grew out of old stories of the great cities of some of the early American civilizations. | 55 | |
| 5010888569 | Hernando Cortes | 1521, defeated the Aztecs. This is what he is most known for. | 56 | |
| 5010893453 | patrón | head of a hacienda was called the | 57 | |
| 5010895831 | peones | Peasants who worked land that belonged to the patrón | 58 | |
| 5010912798 | campesinos | worked small holdings, and owed a portion to the patrón. | 59 | |
| 5011048312 | Why were mulattos considered to be above the lowest societal group? | They were mixed with Spanish and African blood but were not slaves | 60 | |
| 5011050434 | Juan Ponce de Leon was the first European explorer to _____ in 1513. | arrive in what is now Florida | 61 | |
| 5011052984 | How did a hacienda differ from an encomienda? | How did a hacienda differ from an encomienda? | 62 | |
| 5011053053 | Amerigo Vespucci's biggest legacy was _____. | having the new world named after him in 1507 | 63 | |
| 5011055334 | Which of the following statements about Hernando Cortes is FALSE? | He was searching for El Dorado | 64 | |
| 5011087081 | The Columbian Exchange | The Columbian Exchange | 65 | |
| 5011092058 | The Columbian Exchange | is the term used to describe the flow of ideas, people, plants animals, technology, and disease that took place because of Columbus' discovery of the New World. The starting point of the Columbian Exchange is 1492. | 66 | |
| 5011161859 | How was 90% of the native populations destroyed? | How was 90% of the native populations destroyed? | 67 | |
| 5011163829 | What led Columbus to find the 'New World'? | He was in search of a faster and easier way to Asia | 68 | |
| 5011166439 | The Old world 'received' _____ from the Columbian Exchange. | Tomatoes and habanero peppers | 69 | |
| 5011166440 | Which of the following illustrates how people was part of the Columbian Exchange process? | People were removed from their homes in the west of Africa. | 70 | |
| 5011168695 | The beginning of the Columbian Exchange was marked after the year _____. | 1492 CE | 71 |
