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| 8515372609 | Fort Sumter | South Carolina location where Confederate forces fired the first shots of the Civil War in April of 1861, after Union forces attempted to provision the fort. | 0 | |
| 8515372610 | Border States | Five slave states - Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, and West Virginia - that did not secede during the Civil War. To keep the states in the Union, Abraham Lincoln insisted that the war was not abolishing slavery but rather protecting the Union. | 1 | |
| 8515372611 | West Virginia | Admitted to the Union in 1863. Mountainous region that broke away from Virginia in 1861 to form its own state after Virginia seceded from the Union. Most of the residents of West Virginia were independent farmers and miners who did not own slaves and thus opposed the Confederate cause. | 2 | |
| 8515372612 | Trent affair | 1861; Diplomatic row that threatened to bring the British into the Civil War on the side of the Confederacy, after a Union warship stopped a British steamer and arrested two Confederate diplomats on board. | 3 | |
| 8515372613 | Alabama | 1862 - 1864; British-built and manned Confederate warship that raided Union shipping during the Civil War. One of many built by the British for the Confederacy, despite Union protests. | 4 | |
| 8515372614 | Laird rams | 1863; Two well-armed ironclad warships constructed for the Confederacy by a British firm. Seeking to avoid war with the United States, the British government purchased the two ships for its Royal Navy instead. | 5 | |
| 8515372615 | Dominion of Canada | Established in 1867. Unified Canadian government created by Britain to bolster Canadians against potential attacks or overtures from the United States. | 6 | |
| 8515372616 | writ of habeas corpus | Petition requiring law enforcement officers to present detained individuals before the court to examine the legality of the arrest. Protects individuals from arbitrary state action. Suspended by Lincoln during the Civil War. | 7 | |
| 8515372617 | New York draft riots | 1863; Uprising, mostly of working-class Irish Americans, in protests of the draft. Rioters were particularly incensed by the ability of the rich to hire substitutes or purchase exemptions. | 8 | |
| 8515372618 | Morrill Tariff Act | 1861; Increased duties back up to 1846 levels to raise revenue for the Civil War. | 9 | |
| 8515372619 | greenbacks | Paper currency issued by the Union Treasury during the Civil War. Inadequately supported by gold, greenbacks fluctuated un value throughout the war, reaching a low of 39 cents on the dollar. | 10 | |
| 8515372620 | National Banking System | 1863; Network of member banks that could issue currency against purchased government bonds. Created during the Civil War to establish a stable national currency and stimulate the sale of war bonds. | 11 | |
| 8515372621 | Homestead Act | 1862; A federal law that sold settlers 160 acres of land for about $30 if they lived on it for five years and improved it by, for instance, building a house on it. The act helped make land accessible to hundreds of thousands of westward-moving settlers, but many people also found disappointment when their land was infertile or they saw speculators grabbing up the best land. | 12 | |
| 8515372622 | US Sanitary Comission | Established 1861; Government agency founded with the help of Elizabeth Blackwell that trained nurses, collected medical supplies, and equipped hospitals in an effort to help the Union army. The commission helped professionalize nursing and gave many women the confidence and organizational skills to propel the women's movement in the postwar years. | 13 | |
| 8515372623 | Charles Francis Adams | Minister to Great Britain during the Civil War, he wanted to keep Britain from entering the war on the side of the South. | 14 | |
| 8515372624 | Napoleon III | Nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, and elected emperor of France from 1852-1870, he invaded Mexico when the Mexican government couldn't repay loans from French bankers, he sent in an army and set up a new government under Maximilian during the Civil War. He refused Lincoln's request that France withdraw. After the Civil War, the US sent an army to enforce the request and Napoleon withdrew. | 15 | |
| 8515372625 | Maximilian | French viceroy appointed by Napoleon III of France to lead the new government set up in Mexico. After the Civil War, the US invaded and he was executed, a demonstration of the enforcement of the Monroe Doctrine to European powers. | 16 | |
| 8515372626 | Jefferson Davis | An American statesman and politician who served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history from 1861 to 1865. | 17 | |
| 8515372627 | Elizabeth Blackwell | Northern woman who was the first woman to become a licensed doctor in the US and helped run the US Sanitary Commission | 18 | |
| 8515372628 | Clara Barton | Launched the American Red Cross in 1881. An "angel" in the Civil War, she treated the wounded in the field. | 19 | |
| 8515372629 | Sally Tompkins | Confederate nurse who ran a hospital in Richmond, Virginia during the Civil War. | 20 |
