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| 8935053630 | Agricultural Marketing Act | The Agricultural Marketing Act of 1929, under the administration of Herbert Hoover, established the Federal Farm Board from the Federal Farm Loan Board established by the Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916 with a revolving fund of half a billion dollars. | 0 | |
| 8935053631 | "Black Tuesday" | - October 29th, 1929, on which day frantic sellers traded 16 million shares on the NY Stock exchange and the DOW fell 12%, leading to the loss of worth of many companies' stocks and the loss of many investors. - With other notable economic slips prior to Black Tuesday and the faulty structure of the American economy, it helped to initiate the Great Depression. | 1 | |
| 8935053632 | Bonus Army | Group of about 17,000 World War 1 veterans and their families who, not being the required age to receive benefits for their service but being in dire need of them during the depression, marched on Washington D.C., build camps around the city, and protested for Congress approved legislation to receive these benefits; police and even army units (by order of Hoover and MacArthur: tanks, machine-gun, infantry) were used to relocate the veterans, their homes were burned; many were evicted from public buildings. | 2 | |
| 8935053633 | Clifford Odets | an American playwright, screenwriter, and director. From early 1935 on, Odets' socially relevant dramas proved extremely influential, particularly for the remainder of the Great Depression. Odets' works inspired the next several generations of playwrights, including Arthur Miller, Paddy Chayefsky, Neil Simon, David Mamet, and Jon Robin Baitz. After the production of his play Clash by Night in the 1941-42 season | 3 | |
| 8935053634 | Dust Bowl | The Dust Bowl was the name given to the Great Plains region devastated by drought in 1930s depression-ridden America. The 150,000-square-mile area, encompassing the Oklahoma and Texas panhandles and neighboring sections of Kansas, Colorado, and New Mexico, has little rainfall, light soil, and high winds, a potentially destructive combination. When drought struck from 1934 to 1937, the soil lacked the stronger root system of grass as an anchor, so the winds easily picked up the loose topsoil and swirled it into dense dust clouds, called "black blizzards." | 4 | |
| 8935053635 | Erskine Caldwell | December 17, 1903 - April 11, 1987) was an American author.[1][2] His writings about poverty, racism and social problems in his native Southern United States in novels such as Tobacco Road and God's Little Acre won him critical acclaim, but also made him controversial among Southerners of the time who felt he was deprecating the people of the region. | 5 | |
| 8935053636 | Frank Capra | Italian-American film director, producer, and writer, credited with being the first "superstar director", creating many sentimental films and a war documentary series; his life followed the "rags-to-riches" story (born in Sicily, raised in LA, found success later in life) characteristic of the American dream. Examined political and social issues, wrote encouraging films that helped many Americans during the Depression. | 6 | |
| 8935053637 | Hawley-Smoot Tariff | Tariff raised by Senator Reed Smoot and Rep. Willis C. Hawley increasing the price of all imported goods by an incredible margin with the intent to support the suffering American industry, but was too quick and unplanned. Part of the many economic missteps and misfortunes that studded America during the Depression; caused other European and Asian nations to follow their example, causing a partial halt of world commerce, severely damaging the market, and sending the world into a small depression due to economic stagnation; showed the world the increasing importance of global cooperation in terms of commerce(was a sort of experiment on the US's part). | 7 | |
| 8935053638 | Hindenburg | The Hindenburg disaster at Lakehurst, New Jersey on May 6, 1937 brought an end to the age of the rigid airship. The disaster killed 35 persons on the airship, and one member of the ground crew, but miraculously 62 of the 97 passengers and crew survived | 8 | |
| 8935053639 | Hoovervilles | During the Great Depression, which began in 1929 and lasted approximately a decade, shantytowns appeared across the U.S. as unemployed people were evicted from their homes. As the Depression worsened in the 1930s, causing severe hardships for millions of Americans, | 9 | |
| 8935053640 | John Dos Passos | January 14, 1896 - September 28, 1970) was an American novelist and artist active in the first half of the twentieth century. Born in Chicago, Illinois, he graduated from Harvard College in 1916. He was well-traveled, visiting Europe and the Middle East, where he learned about literature, art, and architecture. During World War I he was a member of the American Volunteer Motor Ambulance Corps in Paris and in Italy, later joining the U.S. Army Medical Corps. | 10 | |
| 8935053641 | John Steinbeck | Short-storyist and novelist, author of "The Grapes of Wrath" and about 20 other American novels. Represented social conditions during the Great Depression with the Dust Bowl, following a family of environmental refugees; reached many middle-class Americans and was strongly critical of Capitalism; embodied social strife in the lives of many Americans during the crises of the 1930's and 1940's. | 11 | |
| 8935053642 | Life Magazine | Life magazine, stylized LIFE, is an American magazine that ran weekly from 1883 to 1972, published initially as a humor and general interest magazine. Time founder Henry Luce bought the magazine in 1936, solely so that he could acquire the rights to its name, and shifted it to a role as a weekly news magazine with a strong emphasis on photojournalism. Life was published weekly until 1972, as an intermittent "special" until 1978, and as a monthly from 1978 to 2002. | 12 | |
| 8935053643 | "Okies" | "Okies," as Californians labeled them, were refugee farm families from the Southern Plains who migrated to California in the 1930s to escape the ruin of the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl. | 13 | |
| 8935053644 | Orson Welles | May 6, 1915 - October 10, 1985) was an American actor, director, writer, and producer who worked in theatre, radio, and film. He is remembered for his innovative work in all three: in theatre, most notably Caesar (1937), a Broadway adaptation of William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar; in radio, the 1938 broadcast "The War of the Worlds", one of the most famous in the history of radio; and in film, Citizen Kane (1941), consistently ranked as one of the all-time greatest films. | 14 | |
| 8935053645 | Popular Front | Coalition of "antifascist" leftist and centrist, including the American Communist Party, many were harshly and unrelentingly anticapitalist and antigovernment; but under instruction from the Soviet Union's Communist party in 1935, changed their direction to proclaim Communism as "The new Americanism", showing a popular appeal. Greatly enhanced the American communist presence and mobilized writers who were either pro-communist or unconcerned with communism; connected the US with predominantly European ideologies and political ideas while disguised as patriotic and open. | 15 | |
| 8935053646 | Reconstruction Finance Corporation | Government agency with the intent to loan disadvantaged businesses, including banks, mortgage associations and railroads, while also directing funding to local governments to support public works and hasten relief, operated on a larger scale than past projects envisioned by Hoover. Failed to deal directly with true economic problems during Hoover's Administration(being primarily focused on the assistance of businesses who would repay the government the fastest) the problems of which were worsened by his past choices and policies enforced; it's failure resulted in a greater decline in Hoover's popularity. | 16 | |
| 8935053647 | Richard Wright | September 4, 1908 - November 28, 1960) was an American author of sometimes controversial novels, short stories, poems, and non-fiction. Much of his literature concerns racial themes, especially those involving the plight of African Americans during the late 19th to mid-20th centuries. Literary critics believe his work helped change race relations in the United States in the mid-20th century. | 17 | |
| 8935053648 | Scottsboro case | Trial performed under the accusation of nine black boys of vagrancy, disorder, and supposedly raping two white females, though the latter accusation found little merit according to medical evidence; eight were sentenced to death by an all-white Alabama jury, which was overturned by the Supreme Court the next year. Showed the still extremely harsh attitudes of whites towards blacks and the resulting miscarriage of justice in the American legal system; drew attention countrywide, involving Northern and Southern attitudes; showed the extent of discrimination against blacks, even becoming the subject of artistic works and performances over time. | 18 | |
| 8935053649 | Soap operas | The first series considered to be a "soap opera" was Painted Dreams, which debuted on October 20, 1930 on Chicago radio station WGN.[3] Early radio series such as Painted Dreams were broadcast in weekday daytime slots, usually five days a week, when most of the listeners would be housewives; thus, the shows were aimed at and consumed by a predominantly female audience.[2] In the name, "soap" refers to the soap and detergent commercials originally broadcast during the shows, which were aimed at women who were cleaning their houses at the time of listening or viewing, and "opera" refers to the melodramatic character of the shows. | 19 |
