AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 24 The Great Depression and the New Deal, 1929-1939
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| 6645729107 | stock market crash | A boom stock market of 1928 led to a sell of starting in October 1929. Within three years the stock market would decline to one-ninth of its peak. |  | 0 |
| 6645729108 | Black Tuesday | On October 29, 1929 millions of panicky investors sold as the bottom fell out of the stock market. |  | 1 |
| 6645729109 | buying on margin | It allowed people to borrow most of the cost of the stock, making down payments as low as 10 percent. Investors depended on the price of the stock increasing so they could repay their loans. |  | 2 |
| 6645729110 | overproduction | Business growth aided by increased productivity and use of credit, had produced a volume of goods that workers with stagnant wages could not continue to purchase. | 3 | |
| 6645729111 | Herbert Hoover | He was President of the United States at the time of the stock market crash. He thought that prosperity would soon return. He was slow to call for legislative action and he thought public relief should come from the state and local governments not the federal government. |  | 4 |
| 6645729112 | Hawley-Smoot Tariff | In June 1930 Hoover signed into law the highest tariff rates in history ranging from 31 to 49 percent. In retaliation European countries enacted their own tariffs. This reduced trade for all nations and worsened the depression. |  | 5 |
| 6645729113 | Reconstruction Finance Corporation | In 1932 Congress funded this government-owned corporation as a measure for propping up faltering railroads, banks, life insurance companies, and other financial institutions. Hoover thought that emergency loans would stabilize key business and the benefits would "trickle down" to smaller businesses and ultimately bring recovery. |  | 6 |
| 6645729114 | bonus march | Thousands of unemployed World War I veterans marched to Washington, D.C. and set up encampments to demand immediately payment of the bonuses promised to them at a later date. The Army, led by General Douglas MacArthur broke up the encampment. |  | 7 |
| 6645729115 | Franklin D. Roosevelt | This Democratic candidate won the 1932 presidential election. As a candidate, he promised a "new deal" for the American people, the repeal of Prohibition, aid for the unemployed, and cuts in government spending. |  | 8 |
| 6645729116 | Eleanor Roosevelt | She was the most active first lady in history, writing a newspaper column, giving speeches, and traveling the country. She served as the president's social conscience and influenced him to support minorities. |  | 9 |
| 6645729117 | New Deal | Franklin D. Roosevelt's plan to help people at the bottom of the economic pyramid. | 10 | |
| 6645729118 | relief, recover, reform | The New Deal included the three R's: relief for people out of work, recovery for business and the economy, and reform of American economic institutions. | 11 | |
| 6645729119 | Brain Trust | For advice on economic matters, Roosevelt turned to a group of university professors. |  | 12 |
| 6645729120 | Frances Perkins | Roosevelt's secretary of labor, she was the first woman to serve in a president's cabinet. |  | 13 |
| 6645729121 | Hundred Days | On March 4, 1933 Roosevelt started his term and called Congress into a one hundred day session. They passed into law all of Roosevelt's legislation. | 14 | |
| 6645729122 | repeal of Prohibition | In 1933 the 21st Amendment which repealed the 18th Amendment passed. This ended Prohibition. |  | 15 |
| 6645729123 | bank holiday | Roosevelt ordered the banks to be closed on March 6, 1933. He made a radio address explaining that the banks would be reopened after allowing enough time for the government to reorganize them on a sound basis. |  | 16 |
| 6645729124 | fireside chats | Roosevelt spoke on the radio to the American people. |  | 17 |
| 6645729125 | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation | It guaranteed individual bank deposits. |  | 18 |
| 6645729126 | Public Works Administration | Directed by Secretary of the Interior Harold Ickes, it allotted money to state and local governments for building roads, bridges, dams, and other public works. |  | 19 |
| 6645729127 | Civilian Conservation Corp | It employed young men on projects on federal lands and paid their families small monthly sums. |  | 20 |
| 6645729128 | Tennessee Valley Authority | A government corporation that hired thousands of people to build dams, operate electric power plants, control flooding, and erosion, and manufacture fertilizer. |  | 21 |
| 6645729129 | National Recovery Administration | Directed by Hugh Johnson, it was an attempt to guarantee reasonable profits for business and fair wages and hours for labor. Known by its symbol the Blue Eagle. This will be declared unconstitutional. |  | 22 |
| 6645729130 | Securities and Exchange Commission | It was created to regulate the stock market and to place strict limits on the kind of speculative practices that led to the 1929 stock crash. |  | 23 |
| 6645729131 | Works Progress Administration | This agency created in 1935, part of the Second New Deal, it was much more ambitious than earlier efforts. Artists, writers, actors, and photographers were employed. |  | 24 |
| 6645729132 | Harry Hopkins | He headed the Works Progress Administration (WPA) in the 1930s. |  | 25 |
| 6645729133 | National Labor Relations (Wagner) Act | A 1935 act that guaranteed a worker's right to join a union and a union's right to bargain collectively. It outlawed business practices that were unfair to labor. 40/40 No Child Labor |  | 26 |
| 6645729134 | Social Security Act | In 1935 this act created a federal insurance program based upon the automatic collection of taxes from employees and employers throughout people's working careers. It would then be used to make monthly payments to retired people over the age of 65. |  | 27 |
| 6645729135 | Father Charles Coughlin | A Catholic priest who founded the National Union for Social Justice, which called for issuing inflated currency and nationalizing all banks. His radio program attacks on the New Deal were anti-Semitic and Fascist. |  | 28 |
| 6645729136 | Francis Townsend | He proposed a simple plan for guaranteeing a secure income for the elderly. He proposed that a 2 percent federal sales tax be used to create a special fund from which every retired person over the age of 60 would receive $200 a month thus stimulating the economy. |  | 29 |
| 6645729137 | Huey Long | He proposed a "Share Our Wealth" program that promised a minimum annual income of $5000 for every American family to be paid for by taxing the wealthy. In 1935 he challenged Roosevelt's leadership of the Democratic party by becoming a candidate for president but was soon assassinated. |  | 30 |
| 6645729138 | Supreme Court | In 1935 they declared two of President Roosevelt's recovery programs unconstitutional. He retaliated by threatening to increase their numbers with his appointments. |  | 31 |
| 6645729139 | John L. Lewis | He was President of the United Mine Workers Union and Leader of the Congress of Industrial Organizations. |  | 32 |
| 6645729140 | sit-down strike | In 1937 workers at the General Motors plant in Flint, Michigan insisted on the right to join a union by sitting down at the assembly line. |  | 33 |
| 6645729141 | dust bowl, | A severe drought in the early 1930s and poor farming practices led to the Oklahoma dust bowl. High winds away large amounts of topsoil. |  | 34 |
| 6645729142 | John Steinbeck, | A novelist that wrote about hardships in his classic study of economic heartbreak in 1939, "The Grapes of Wrath". |  | 35 |
| 6645729143 | Marian Anderson | An African American singer who had been refused the use of Constitution Hall, she did perform a special concert at the Lincoln Memorial. |  | 36 |
| 6645729144 | Mary McLeod Bethune | One of the African Americans that was appointed to middle-level positions in federal government. She was a leader of efforts for improving education and economic opportunities for women. Served on FDR's Black cabinet |  | 37 |
| 6645729145 | Fair Employment Practices Committee | It was set up to assist minorities in gaining jobs in defense industries. |  | 38 |
| 6645729146 | A. Phillip Randolph | Head of Railroad Porters Union who threatened a march on Washington D.C. to demand equal job opportunities for African Americans. |  | 39 |
| 6645729147 | Indian Reorganization (Wheeler-Howard) Act | In 1934 Congress repealed the Dawes Act of 1887 and replaced it with this act which returned lands to the control of tribes and supported preservation of Indian cultures. |  | 40 |
| 6645729148 | Mexican repatriation | Discrimination in the New Deal programs and competition for jobs forced thousands of Mexican Americans to return to Mexico. | 41 | |
| 6645729149 | Alf Landon | Kansas Speaker of the House who lost to FDR in 1936. | 42 |
