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| 5640458257 | Richard Nixon | 1968 and 1972; Republican; Vietnam: advocated "Vietnamization" , but also bombed Cambodia/Laos, created a "credibility gap," Paris Peace Accords ended direct US involvement; economy-took US off gold standard, was president during first moon landing; SALT I and new policy of detente between US and Soviet Union; Watergate scandal: became first and only president to resign. | 0 | |
| 5640458258 | New Federalism | A policy in 1969, that turned over powers and responsibilities of some U.S. federal programs to state and local governments and reduced the role of national government in domestic affairs. | 1 | |
| 5640455833 | Family Assistance Plan | A welfare reform proposal, approved by the House of Reps in 1970 but defeated in the Senate, that would have guaranteed an income to welfare recipients who agreed to undergo job training and to accept work. | 2 | |
| 5640460922 | Environmental Protection Agency | Respecting pollution prevention and the protection of the environment and human health in order to contribute to sustainable development. | 3 | |
| 5640460923 | Occupational Safety and Health Administration | Act that established the first national policy for safety and health and continues to deliver standards that employers must meet to guarantee the health and safety of their employees. | 4 | |
| 5640464772 | Detente | A lessening of tensions between U.S. and Soviet Union. Besides disarming missiles to insure a lasting peace between superpowers, Nixon pressed for trade relations and a limited military budget. The public did not approve. | 5 | |
| 5640464773 | Henry Kissinger | Awarded 1973 Nobel Peace Prize for helping to end Vietnam War and withdrawing American forces. Heavily involved in South American politics as National Security Adviser and Secretary of State. Condoned covert tactics to prevent communism and fascism from spreading throughout South America. | 6 | |
| 5640464774 | Nixon's trip to China | This historic event was when President Richard Nixon made a trip to Communist China in February 1972 and ended thirty years of Sino-American hostility. He met with China's leader, Mao Zedong, and both agreed the the Russians should not be able to expand in Asia. | 7 | |
| 5640467309 | Nixon's Soviet trip | During a week of summit meetings with Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev and other Soviet officials, the United States and the USSR reached a number of agreements, including one that laid the groundwork for a joint space flight in 1975. On May 26, Nixon and Brezhnev signed the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT), the most significant of the agreements reached during the summit. | 8 | |
| 5640467310 | SALT I | Treaty signed in 1972 between the U.S. and the USSR. This agreement limited the number of missiles in each nation and led to the SALT II discussions and a slowdown of the arms race between the two countries. | 9 | |
| 5640473217 | Realpolitik | Political realism or practical politics, especially policy based on power rather than on ideals. | 10 | |
| 5640473218 | Vietnamization | A war policy in Vietnam initiated by Nixon in June of 1969. This strategy called for dramatic reduction of U.S. troops followed by an increased injection of S. Vietnamese troops in their place. A considerable success, this plan allowed for a drop in troops to 24,000 by 1972. . This policy became the cornerstone of the so-called "Nixon Doctrine". | 11 | |
| 5640473219 | Mobilization Day | Name given to Nov. 15, 1969 by which hundreds of thousands of anti-war protests took to the streets of major cities demanding and immediate withdrawal of all u.s. troops in Vietnam. | 12 | |
| 5640477460 | Kent State/Jackson State | Kent is an Ohio college, where an anti-war protest got way out of hand, the Nat'l Guard was called in and killed 3 students (innocent & unarmed,wounded 9) in indiscriminate fire of M-1 rifles. Jackson was a Black Mississippi College, anti war demonstrators seize women's dorm, unprovoked state police open fire, kill 2 (innocent & unarmed, wound 12) | 13 | |
| 5640477461 | My Lai Massacre | 1968, in which American troops had brutally massacred innocent women and children in the village of My Lai, also led to more opposition to the war. | 14 | |
| 5640480288 | Weather Underground | US radical left group consisting of splintered -off member and leader of the student for a democratic society which formed on the campus of University of Michigan in 1960. | 15 | |
| 5640480289 | Paris Peace Accords | 1973 peace agreement between the United States, South Vietnam, North Vietnam, and the Vietcong that effectively ended the Vietnam War. | 16 | |
| 5640480290 | Jesse Jackson | A black candidate for the Democratic nomination in the 1988 election who attempted to appeal to minorities, but eventually lost the nomination to Michael Dukakis. | 17 | |
| 5640482914 | Watergate, June 17, 1972 | 1972; Nixon feared loss so he approved the Commission to Re-Elect the President to spy on and espionage the Democrats. A security guard foiled an attempt to bug the Democratic National Committee Headquarters, exposing the scandal. Seemingly contained, after the election Nixon was impeached and stepped down. | 18 | |
| 5640482915 | CREEP | Richard Nixon's committee for re-electing the president. Found to have been engaged in a "dirty tricks" campaign against the democrats in 1972. They raised tens of millions of dollars in campaign funds using unethical means. They were involved in the infamous Watergate cover-up. | 19 | |
| 5640486796 | Pentagon Papers | A 7,000-page top-secret United States government report on the history of the internal planning and policy-making process within the government itself concerning the Vietnam War. | 20 | |
| 5640486797 | Plumbers | Group working for President Nixon to fix "leaks" coming out of the White House. | 21 | |
| 5640486798 | Woodward & Bernstein | Two reporters for the Washington Post who uncover the Watergate scandal by constant digging and tips from "Deep Throat" bring down Nixon in 1974. | 22 | |
| 5640489279 | Deep Throat | Bob Woodward's anonymous source to the Watergate scandal; eventually revealed himself to be Mark Felt, the Deputy Director of the FBI. | 23 | |
| 5640489280 | 18 1⁄2 minute gap | A key segment of the June 23rd tape, in which Nixon met with advisers to discuss the arrests of the Watergate defendants; was mysteriously erased from the tapes; Nixon's secretary claimed she did it by accident during transcription. | 24 | |
| 5640492734 | Nixon's Resignation | August 8th, 1974; only president to ever resign; resigned because of the tapes and he would have been impeached anyways. | 25 | |
| 5640492761 | Gerald Ford | Solely elected by a vote from Congress. He pardoned Nixon of all crimes that he may have committed. Evacuated nearly 500,000 Americans and South Vietnamese from Vietnam, closing the war. He runs again and debates Jimmy Carter. At the debate he is asked how he would handle the communists in eastern Europe and he said there were none and this apparently sealed his fate. | 26 | |
| 5640496258 | NOW | National Organization of Women, 1966, Betty Friedan first president, wanted Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) enforce its legal mandate to end sex discrimination. | 27 | |
| 5640496259 | Women's Liberationists | The group who established the first rape crisis centers in the early 1970s. They were admired SNCC members and black girls housing SNCC. | 28 | |
| 5640496260 | "consciousness raising" | The activity of seeking to make people more aware of personal, social, or political issues. | 29 | |
| 5640504835 | Title IX | A United States law enacted on June 23, 1972 that states: "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance." | 30 | |
| 5640504836 | Equal Rights Amendment | A constitutional amendment originally introduced in Congress in 1923 and passed by Congress in 1972, stating that "equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex." Despite public support, the amendment failed to acquire the necessary support from three-fourths of the state legislatures. | 31 | |
| 5640504837 | Phyllis Schlafly | 1970s; a new right activist that protested the women's rights acts and movements as defying tradition and natural gender division of labor; demonstrated conservative backlash against the 60s. | 32 | |
| 5640508241 | Stonewall riot | Brian the spark a new sense of collective identity among many gays and lesbians and touched off a new movement for both civil rights and liberation. | 33 | |
| 5640508242 | Kerner Commission | A group that was appointed by President Johnson to study the causes of urban violence and that recommended the elimination of de facto segregation in American society. | 34 | |
| 5640510491 | Affirmative Action | A policy in educational admissions or job hiring that gives special attention or compensatory treatment to traditionally disadvantaged groups in an effort to overcome present effects of past discrimination. | 35 | |
| 5640510492 | Allan Bakke & reverse discrimination | White student who was denied admission to University of California medical school because slots were reserved for minority students--brought his case to the supreme court. (Reverse Discrimination is using race or sex to give preferential treatment to some people) | 36 | |
| 5640512675 | Earl Warren | Chief Justice during the 1950's and 1960's who used a loose interpretation to expand rights for both African-Americans and those accused of crimes. | 37 | |
| 5640512676 | Roe v Wade | The 1973 Supreme Court decision holding that a state ban on all abortions was unconstitutional. The decision forbade state control over abortions during the first trimester of pregnancy, permitted states to limit abortions to protect the mother's health in the second trimester, and permitted states to protect the fetus during the third trimester. | 38 | |
| 5640512677 | OPEC | An international oil cartel originally formed in 1960. Represents the majority of all oil produced in the world. Attempts to limit production to raise prices. It's long name is the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. | 39 | |
| 5640518807 | Environmentalism | An organized movement of concerned citizens, businesses, and government agencies designed to protect and improve people's current and future living environment. | 40 | |
| 5640518808 | Silent Spring | A book written to voice the concerns of environmentalists. Launched the environmentalist movement by pointing out the effects of civilization development. | 41 | |
| 5640518809 | Earth Day | A holiday conceived of by environmental activist and Senator Gaylord Nelson to encourage support for and increase awareness of environmental concerns; first celebrated on April 22, 1970. | 42 | |
| 5640521394 | 3 Mile Island | Nuclear reactor accident in PA, caused U.S. to strengthen nuclear regulatory laws. | 43 | |
| 5640521395 | Ralph Nader | A leftist American politician who promotes the environment, fair consumerism, and social welfare programs. His book Unsafe at Any Speed brought attention to the lack of safety in American automobiles. | 44 | |
| 5640523719 | Stagflation | During the 60's and 70's, the U.S. was suffering from 5.3% inflation and 6% unemployment. Refers to the unusual economic situation in which an economy is suffering both from inflation and from stagnation of its industrial growth. | 45 | |
| 5640526125 | Rust Belt | The northern industrial states of the United States, including Ohio, Michigan, and Pennsylvania, in which heavy industry was once the dominant economic activity. In the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, these states lost much of their economic base to economically attractive regions of the United States and to countries where labor was cheaper, leaving old machinery to rust in the moist northern climate. | 46 | |
| 5640526126 | Proposition 13 | Also known as the "tax revolt", it was a Californian ballot measure in 1978 that slashed property taxes and forced deep cuts in government services. | 47 | |
| 5640526127 | Jimmy Carter | (1977-1981), Created the Department of Energy and the Department of Education. He was criticized for his return of the Panama Canal Zone, and because of the Soviet war in Afghanistan, he enacted an embargo on grain shipments to USSR and boycotted the 1980 Olympics in Moscow and his last year in office was marked by the takeover of the American embassy in Iran, fuel shortages, and the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, which caused him to lose to Ronald Reagan in the next election. | 48 | |
| 5640528687 | Deregulation | The lifting of restrictions on business, industry, and professional activities for which government rules had been established and that bureaucracies had been created to administer. | 49 | |
| 5640528849 | Camp David Accords | (1978) were negotiated at the presidential retreat of Camp David by Egypt's Anwar Sadat and Israel Menachem Begin; they were brokered by U.S. President Jimmy Carter. They led to a peace treaty the next year that returned the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt, guaranteed Israeli access to the Red Sea and Suez Canal, and more-or-less normalized diplomatic and economic relations between the two countries. This isolated Egypt from the other Arab countries and led to Sadat's assassination in 1981. | 50 | |
| 5640531177 | SALT II | (JEC) 1979, Second Strategic Arms Limitations Talks. A second treaty was signed on June 18, 1977 to cut back the weaponry of the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. because it was getting too competitive. Set limits on the numbers of weapons produced. Not passed by the Senate as retaliation for U.S.S.R.'s invasion of Afghanistan, and later superseded by the START treaty. | 51 | |
| 5640531178 | Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi | The person who fled Iran in 1979 as millions protested his government. | 52 | |
| 5640531179 | Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini | An Iranian religious leader and politician, and leader of the Iranian Revolution which saw the overthrow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Following the revolution and a national referendum, Khomeini became the country's Supreme Leader—a position created in the constitution as the highest ranking political and religious authority of the nation—until his death. | 53 | |
| 5640390889 | Iranian Hostage Crisis | In 1979, Iranian fundamentalists seized the American embassy in Tehran and held fifty-three American diplomats hostage for over a year. The Iranian hostage crisis weakened the Carter presidency; the hostages were finally released on January 20, 1981, the day Ronald Reagan became president. | 54 |
