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| 14601340985 | Protestant Reformation | The movement to reform the Catholic Church launched in Germany by Martin Luther. |  | 0 |
| 14601340986 | Roanoke Island (1585) | Sir Walter Raleigh's failed colonial settlement off the coast of North Carolina. This was the first failed British attempt at colonization in North America. | 1 | |
| 14601340987 | Spanish Armada | Spanish fleet defeated in the English Channel in 1588. |  | 2 |
| 14601340988 | primogeniture | The legal principle that the oldest son inherits all family property or land. | 3 | |
| 14601340989 | joint-stock company | Short-term partnership between multiple investors to fund a commercial enterprise; such arrangements were used to fund England's early colonial ventures. |  | 4 |
| 14601340990 | Virginia Company | English joint-stock company that received a charter from King James I that allowed it to found the Virginia colony. |  | 5 |
| 14601340991 | charter | A legal document granted by a government to some group or agency to implement a stated purpose, and spelling out the attending rights and obligations. |  | 6 |
| 14601340992 | First Anglo-Powhatan War (1610-1614) | Series of clashes between the Powhatan Confederacy and English settlers in Virginia. | 7 | |
| 14601340993 | Second Anglo-Powhatan War (1644-1646) | Last-ditch effort by the Indians to dislodge Virginia settlements. | 8 | |
| 14601340994 | House of Burgesses | Representative parliamentary assembly created to govern Virginia, establishing a precedent for government in the English colonies. |  | 9 |
| 14601340995 | Act of Toleration (1649) | Passed in Maryland, it guaranteed toleration to all Christians but decreed the death penalty for those, like Jews and atheists, who denied the divinity of Jesus Christ. |  | 10 |
| 14601340996 | Barbados Slave Code (1661) | The first formal statute governing the treatment of slaves, which provided for harsh punishments against offending slaves but lacked penalties for the mistreatment of slaves by masters. | 11 | |
| 14601340997 | squatters | Frontier farmers who illegally occupied land owned by others or not yet officially opened for settlement. | 12 | |
| 14601340998 | Iroquois Confederacy (late 1500s) | bound together five tribes—the Mohawks, the Oneidas, the Onondagas, the Cayugas, and the Senecas—in the Mohawk Valley of what is now New York State. | 13 | |
| 14601340999 | Tuscarora War (1711-1713) | Began with an Indian attack on Newbern, North Carolina and caused the Indians to move northward | 14 | |
| 14601341000 | Yamasee Indians | Defeated by the South Carolinans in the war of 1715-1716. |  | 15 |
| 14601341001 | buffer | In politics, a territory between two antagonistic powers, intended to minimize the possibility of conflict between them. | 16 | |
| 14601341002 | Henry VIII (1491-1547) | Tudor monarch who launched the Protestant Reformation in England when he broke away from the Catholic Church in order to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. |  | 17 |
| 14601341003 | Elizabeth I (1533-1603) | Protestant Queen of England, whose forty-five year reign from 1558 to 1603 firmly secured the Anglican Church and inaugurated a period of maritime exploration and conquest. Never having married, she was dubbed the "Virgin Queen" by her contemporaries. | 18 | |
| 14601341004 | Sir Francis Drake (ca. 1542-1595) | English sea captain who completed his circumnavigation of the globe in 1580, plundering Spanish ships and settlements along the way. | 19 | |
| 14601341005 | Sir Walter Raleigh (ca. 1552-1618) | English courtier and adventurer who sponsored the failed settlements of North Carolina's Roanoke Island in 1585 and 1587. | 20 | |
| 14601341006 | Captain John Smith (1580-1631) | English adventurer who took control of Jamestown in 1608 and ensured the survival of the colony by directing gold-hungry colonists toward more productive tasks. | 21 | |
| 14601341007 | Powhatan (ca. 1540-1618) | Chief of the Powhatan Indians and father of Pocahontas. He later led the Powhatan Indians in the first Anglo-Powhatan War, negotiating a tenuous peace in 1614. | 22 | |
| 14601341008 | Pocahontas (ca. 1595-1617) | Daughter of Chief Powhatan who "saved" Captain John Smith in a dramatic mock execution and served as a mediator between Indians and the colonists. | 23 | |
| 14601341009 | Lord De La Warr (1577-1618) | Colonial governor who imposed harsh military rule over Jamestown after taking over in 1610. | 24 | |
| 14601341010 | John Rolfe (1585-1622) | One of the early English settlers of North America. He is credited with the first successful cultivation of tobacco as an export crop in the Colony of Virginia and is known as the husband of Pocahontas, daughter of the chief of the Powhatan Confederacy. | 25 | |
| 14601341011 | Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) | Puritan general who helped lead parliamentary forces during the English Civil War, and ruled England as Lord Protector from 1653 until his death in 1658. | 26 | |
| 14601341012 | James Oglethorpe (1696-1785) | Soldier-statesman and leading founder of Georgia and established Georgia as a haven for debtors seeking to avoid imprisonment. | 27 | |
| 14601341013 | Hiawatha | Along with Deganawidah, legendary founder of the Iroquois Confederacy, which united the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga and Seneca tribes in the late sixteenth century. | 28 | |
| 14601341014 | Lord Baltimore | Established Maryland as a haven for Catholics and unsuccessfully tried to reproduce the English manor system in the colonies and gave vast tracts of land to Catholic relatives. | 29 |
