The War to End War
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| 52984453 | George Creel | Journalist who headed Committee on Public Info. Created propaganda to get people willing to go to war. too good oversold Wilson's ideals - world expected too much | |
| 52984454 | Zimmerman Note | proposed secret alliance btwn Mexico & Germany | |
| 52984455 | Eugene Debbs | Socialist leader - convicted under Espionage Act sentenced to 10 years in prison | |
| 52984456 | unrestricted submarine warfare, | caused WIlson to break diplomatic relations w/ Germany | |
| 52984457 | Espionage Act of 1917 & Sedition Act of 1918 | reflected fears about Germans and anti-war Americans | |
| 52984458 | Scheck v US (1919) | Supreme Court ruled freedom of speech can be revoked when such speech poses a clear and present danger | |
| 52984459 | Bernard Baruch | Headed WAr Industries Board - feeble powers, disbanded w/in days after armistice | |
| 52984460 | Herbert Hoover | headed Food Administration (hero bec. he led massive food drive to feed starving in Belgium). Wage propaganda campaign to get people to ratio food - save food for export | |
| 52984461 | Alice Paul | led National Woman's party - Quaker who opposed the war | |
| 52984462 | Henry Cabot Lodge | Republican chairman of Senate Committee on Foreign Relations - wasn't asked to go to peace talks, tried to defeat treaty of Versaille by reading 26 page document aloud in congresWislons | |
| 52984463 | Warren G Harding | Republican Presidential Candidate - affable & malleable Ohioan, wealthy, back slapping small town newspaper editor, said he would work for a vague Association of Nations (not a League) voted in by women | |
| 52984464 | James M. Cox | Democratic Candidate 1920 election - Governor of Ohio - supported League (FDR was his running mate) | |
| 52984465 | self-determination | France demanded coal-rich German inhabited Rhineland & Saar Valley. Wilson opposed bec. it would violate their self determination | |
| 52984466 | collective security | Provided by League of Nations - Wilson hoped this would protect all countries | |
| 52984467 | conscription | Only way Americans could get an army - military draft required registration of all males age 18-45, | |
| 52984468 | normalcy | people tired of idealism, intellectual, moralistic leaders thankful for a 2nd rate pres | |
| 52984469 | Fourteen Points | Wilson's speech aimed at convincing America that fighting was the right thing to do | |
| 52984470 | League of Nations | international organization that Wilson dreamed would provided a system of collective security | |
| 52984471 | Committee on Public Information | Propaganda committee - get people willing to fight | |
| 52984472 | Industrial Workers of the World | Wobblies - Industrial Workers of the World (aka I won't works) did not support war, these workers victims of worst working conditions in country (fruit & lumber) | |
| 52984473 | 19th Amendment | Gave Women right to wote | |
| 52984474 | 18th Amendment | Prohibition - prohibited Alcohol. | |
| 52984475 | Bolsheviks | Communists in Russia, seized power in 1917, retreated from war in 1918 allowing Germans to fight France in West | |
| 52984476 | doughboys | US Army infantry man, often sent to fight with very little training | |
| 52984477 | Big Four | Wilson, Vittorio Orlando of Italy, George Clemenceau of France, David Lloyd George of Britain | |
| 52984478 | irreconcilables | William Borah of Idaho & Hiram Johnson of CA, militant isolationists, opposed League of Nations -their opposition was good for Allied adversaries, gave them stronger bargaining position | |
| 52984479 | Treaty of Versailles | only 4 of Wilson's 14 points were honored, Vengence was tone not reconciliation. Made Wilson a fallen idol, condemned by liberals and imperialists alike | |
| 53006313 | Work or Fight Rule of 1918 | any unemployed male would be immediately drafted - discourages strikes | |
| 53006314 | Wobblies | Industrial Workers of the World (aka I won't works) did not support war, these workers victims of worst working conditions in country (fruit & lumber) | |
| 53006315 | National War Labor Board | headed by WilliamTaft - headed off labor disputes that might hamper war effort | |
| 53006316 | 1919 Steel strike | greatest strike in history, 250 thous strike to get owners to recognize their right to organize, owners brought in 30,000 African americans to break strike | |
| 53006317 | Race Riots | sparked by African American migration to primarily white areas like St. Louis & Chicago. | |
| 53006318 | National Woman's party | Pacifist group opposed war, led by Alice Paul | |
| 53006319 | Nat'l American Woman Suffrage Association | supported the war, argued women take part in war effort to earn role in shaping te peace | |
| 53006320 | Liberty Loans - Victory Loans | sponsored by treasury dept, earned 21 billion $ 2/3 cost of war. | |
| 53006321 | Chateau -Thierry | first major engagement of american troops in European war | |
| 53006322 | 2nd battle of the Marne | marked beginning of a gErman withdrawal | |
| 53006323 | St. Hihiel &Meuse-Argonne offensive | Two major battles fought by Amerians - MEuse -ARgonne largest battle in American history (lasted 47 days 1.2 million American troops) | |
| 53006324 | General John J. Pershing | American commander in WWI | |
| 53006325 | Paris Peace Conference | little more than old prewar colonialism, land divided up amongst victors, Wilson's #1 goal was to establish League of Nations | |
| 53006326 | Security Treaty | France compromised on demand for Rhineland in exchange Britain & US promised to come to France's aid if Germany ever invaded again | |
| 53006327 | Article X | controversial, alarmed congress bec. it morally bound US to aid any member victimized by external agression | |
| 53006328 | Wilson's tour | Wilson toured country looking for support of treaty, embraced in Rocky Mtn region & Pacific coast, had a stroke in Pueblo Colorado | |
| 53006329 | Republican plan for Treaty | tried to postpone it at first then wanted to ammend the treaty. Wilson fought back from his sick bed called upon all Democrats | |
| 53006330 | Lodge reservations | 14 formal reservations put forth by Senator Lodge -reserve right for Congreess to declare war | |
| 53006331 | defeat of Treaty | because of Wilson's stubborness, would not compromise | |
| 53006332 | Solemn Referendum of 1920 | Wilson proposed to settle the treaty issue in Presidential campaign. | |
| 53006333 | Harding's victory | death sentence for League of Nations - now weak bec. US wasn't included |
