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| 13694549700 | Who organized and started the Democratic-Republican Party? | Thomas Jefferson and James Madison | 0 | |
| 13694549701 | What happened when Jefferson defeated John Adams in the election of 1800? | The Federalist Party began to decline. | 1 | |
| 13694549702 | What was Jefferson's outlook on government? | He believed that the best government governed the least. (Cut budget, fired federal tax collectors, eliminated tax on whiskey, reduced military) | 2 | |
| 13694549703 | What is the importance of the Louisiana Purchase? | 1) It expanded the US' territory. 2) It went against Jefferson's party's ideals. 3) Sparked a dispute over the spread of slavery into western territories | 3 | |
| 13694549704 | Marbury v. Madison | It established the principle of judicial review, giving the power to the Supreme Court to declare unconstitutional a governmental action found to violate the constitution. | 4 | |
| 13694549705 | Embargo Act of 1807 | This act issued by Jefferson forbade American trading ships from leaving the U.S. It was meant to force Britain and France to change their policies towards neutral vessels by depriving them of American trade. It was difficult to enforce because it was opposed by merchants and everyone else whose livelihood depended upon international trade. It also hurt the national economy, so it was replaced by the Non-Intercourse Act. | 5 | |
| 13694549706 | War of 1812 (1812-1815) | 1) Fought between Britain and the United States largely over the issues of trade and impressment. Though the war ended in a relative draw, it demonstrated America's willingness to defend its interests militarily, earning the young nation new found respect from European powers. 2) The War Hawks hoped to drive Britian from Canada and remove Indians from the frontier. 3) Made Andrew Jackson a war hero | 6 | |
| 13694549707 | What is the Era of Good Feelings? | 1) Marked a period in the political history of the United States that reflected a sense of national purpose and a desire for unity among Americans in the aftermath of the War of 1812. 2) A time with only one political party | 7 | |
| 13694549708 | Henry Clay's American System | Consisted of three mutually reinforcing parts: 1) a tariff to protect and promote American industry; 2) a national bank to foster commerce; 3) And federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other "internal improvements" to develop profitable markets for agriculture. | 8 | |
| 13694549709 | Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) | The Supreme Court upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce. The Court's broad interpretation of the Constitution's commerce clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers. | 9 | |
| 13694549710 | Monroe Doctrine (1823) | Written by John Q. Adams, this doctrine stated that Europeans could not intervene in the Western Hemisphere in exchange, the U.S. would not interfere with existing European colonies and wars. If Europe intervened, the U.S. would interpret this as dangerous to U.S. national security and take appropriate action. | 10 | |
| 13694549711 | Missouri Compromise | Temporary truce over slavery issue, 3 parts: MO added as a slave state, ME added as a free state, above 36°30' line = free, below = slave | 11 | |
| 13694549712 | What was Thomas Jefferson's perspective on the future peril of slavery? | This momentous question, like a firebell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. | 12 | |
| 13694549713 | Election of 1824 (Corrupt Bargain) | Jackson, Clay, Adams, and Crawford all ran. The House of Reps chose Adams because Henry Clay had supported him. After Adams became President, he appointed Henry Clay as his Secretary of State. This was seen as a corrupt bargain by Andrew Jackson. Andrew Jackson won the popular vote. | 13 | |
| 13694549714 | What led to the disappointing presidency of John Q. Adams? | Adams lack of personal charm and common touch along with his political deal with Clay tarnished his presidency. Congress undermined Adams by voting down most of his proposals which set up Jackson to win the election of 1828. | 14 | |
| 13694549715 | What new idea did Jackson bring to the presidency? | He introduced the idea of campaigning. | 15 | |
| 13694549716 | What did Jackson's voters see in him? | The common man who represented the interests of the people. | 16 | |
| 13694549717 | What is patronage? | A policy of awarding political supporters with government positions. | 17 | |
| 13694549718 | What is the importance of the tariff of abominations? | Due to the terrible tariff, state's began practicing nullification of certain federal laws | 18 | |
| 13694549719 | How did Jackson react to the states nullification of the tariff? | Jackson denounced the nullification and demanded that congress pass a Force Bill authorizing him to use the army to enforce federal laws | 19 | |
| 13694549720 | Indian Removal Act of 1830 | Passed by Congress under the Jackson administration, this act removed all Indians east of the Mississippi to an "Indian Territory" where they would be "permanently" housed. | 20 | |
| 13694549721 | Worchester v. Georgia | Chief John Marshall upheld the Cherokee Nation's legal right to their land but Jackson defiantly declared, "John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it." | 21 | |
| 13694549722 | What was Jackson's opinion on the second National Bank? | He called the bank a monster that concentrated special financial advantages into the hands of a few privileged people and vetoed a bill that would have rechartered the bank. | 22 | |
| 13694549723 | What did Jackson's war against the bank play a role in the creation of? | Creation of a two-party system; Democrats and Whigs | 23 | |
| 13694549724 | What did state-chartered banks do? | Flooded the country with paper currency promoting a speculative bubble in western lands | 24 | |
| 13694549725 | Election of 1836: Martin Van Buren | Martin Van Buren, Andrew Jackson's former vice-president was elected. He won because the Whigs were not fully organized. | 25 | |
| 13694549726 | Panic of 1837 | When Jackson was president, many state banks received government money that had been withdrawn from the Bank of the U.S. These banks issued paper money and financed wild speculation, especially in federal lands. Jackson issued the Specie Circular to force the payment for federal lands with gold or silver. Many state banks collapsed as a result. A panic ensued (1837). Bank of the U.S. failed, cotton prices fell, businesses went bankrupt, and there was widespread unemployment and distress. | 26 | |
| 13694549727 | Log Cabin Campaign of 1840 | This was William Henry Harrison's bid for the presidency as a Whig. The campaign attempted to gain the support of the population by portraying Harrison as a simple man who lived in a log cabin. Harrison ultimately won, and was the beginning of active campaigning and slogans. Log cabin and hard cider campaign. | 27 | |
| 13694549728 | Cotton Gin | 1) A machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, 2) Invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 3) nabled cotton to be cleaned much more quickly 4) Bolstered the southern economy | 28 | |
| 13694549729 | Southern Planters | -Made up just 4% of south's adult white male population -Owned almost half of all slaves -Dominated southern economic and social life | 29 | |
| 13694549730 | Yemen farmers | The majority of white farmers in the south. They owned few, if any, slaves. | 30 | |
| 13694549731 | Poor whites | Unskilled laborers who owned no land or slaves but the mere existence of slavery allowed the impoverished white to feel superior. Supported slavery because it made them feel racially superior and because they hoped someday to be able to buy slaves. | 31 | |
| 13694549732 | domestic slave trade | the trade of enslaved people among states of the United States | 32 | |
| 13694549733 | How many free blacks lived in the south by 1860? | 250,000 | 33 | |
| 13694549734 | What was the attitude towards slavery in the old south? | Slavery was viewed as a necessary evil. | 34 | |
| 13694549735 | John Deere's steel-tipped plow | Invention by John Deere; caused farming in the mid-west to become easier as it broke up the tough ground for crops and made plowing faster. | 35 | |
| 13694549736 | Importance of Cyrus McCormick | Invented the mechanical horse-drawn reaper that could harvest 12 acres of wheat a day | 36 | |
| 13694549737 | National Road (Cumberland Road) | The first highway built by the federal government. Constructed during 1825-1850, it stretched from Pennsylvania to Illinois. It was a major overland shipping route and an important connection between the North and the West. | 37 | |
| 13694549738 | Erie Canal | A canal between the New York cities of Albany and Buffalo, completed in 1825. The canal, considered a marvel of the modern world at the time, allowed western farmers to ship surplus crops to sell in the North and allowed northern manufacturers to ship finished goods to sell in the West. | 38 | |
| 13694549739 | steam boat | 1) Invented by American Robert Fulton who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815) 2) Revolutionized trade 3) Capable of 2-way traffic | 39 | |
| 13694549740 | Railroads | 1) Steamships and railroads were the major transportation developments of the 19th century. 2) Networks of iron (later steel) rails on which steam (later electric or diesel) locomotives pulled long trains at high speeds. The first were built in England in the 1830s. Success caused the construction of these to boom lasting into the 20th Century | 40 | |
| 13694549741 | What allowed news to travel faster during this time? | 1) Canals 2) Steamboats 3) Railroads | 41 | |
| 13694549742 | telegraph | A device for rapid, long-distance transmission of information over an electric wire. It was introduced in England and North America in the 1830s and 1840s. | 42 | |
| 13694549743 | The market revolution | Creation of the national economy that linked regions of people who were previously unable to access such a large market -- made possible by the innovations in transportation | 43 | |
| 13694549744 | Importance of the market revolution | 1) Northeast: Accelerated industrial growth beginning with textile mills. Created closer trading relationships. Created a wealthy class of urban capitalists. 2) Midwest: Accelerated migration into the midwest. Transformed Chicago into an important rail center. Increased production of cash crops. 3) South: Extended plantation system southwest into Alabama/Mississippi/Louisiana. Slowed the pace of urbanization and industrialization. Created an economy dominated by wealthy planers. | 44 | |
| 13694549745 | Irish Immigrants | Came to the U.S. because of the Irish Potato Famine. Many worked in factories in harsh conditions for little pay | 45 | |
| 13694549746 | German Immigrants | Settled in the rural Midwest and Texas. Many were farmers and craftsmen. Many were well-educated and helped start the system of universal education in the United States. | 46 | |
| 13694549747 | What did the wave of Irish-immigration spark? | It sparked a nativist or anti-foreign reaction. | 47 | |
| 13694549748 | Second Great Awakening | A series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on Methodism and Baptism. Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. The revivals attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans. | 48 | |
| 13694549749 | Educational Reform | Horace Mann led a movement which demanded education for all (African-Americans, blind, deaf, etc.). Included a longer school year, higher pay for teachers, larger public school system. | 49 | |
| 13694549750 | Emma Willard | in 1821 founded Troy Female Seminary in New York which was a model for girls' schools everywhere | 50 | |
| 13694549751 | Temperance Movement | A social movement against the consumption of alcoholic beverages. | 51 | |
| 13694549752 | Crusade against slavery | The American colonization society advocated for the gradual abolition of slavery combined with the goal of returning freed slaves to Africa. | 52 | |
| 13694549753 | William Lloyd Garrison | 1805-1879. Prominent American abolitionist, journalist and social reformer. Editor of radical abolitionist newspaper "The Liberator", and one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society. | 53 | |
| 13694549754 | Frederick Douglass | (1817-1895) American abolitionist and writer, he escaped slavery and became a leading African American spokesman and writer. He published his biography, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, and founded the abolitionist newspaper, the North Star. | 54 | |
| 13694549755 | Seneca Falls Convention | Took place in upperstate New York in 1848. Women of all ages and even some men went to discuss the rights and conditions of women. There, they wrote the Declaration of Sentiments, which among other things, tried to get women the right to vote. It marked the beginning of women's rights movement in the U.S. | 55 | |
| 13694549756 | Transcendentalism | A philosophy pioneered by Ralph Waldo Emerson in the 1830's and 1840's, in which each person has direct communication with God and Nature, and there is no need for organized churches. It incorporated the ideas that mind goes beyond matter, intuition is valuable, that each soul is part of the Great Spirit, and each person is part of a reality where only the invisible is truly real. Promoted individualism, self-reliance, and freedom from social constraints, and emphasized emotions. | 56 |
