apush ch 5 terms
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| 468552458 | Seven Years War | (aka French and Indian War) started by a series of conflicts in England over colonies. The French and the Indians join and collaborate together to fight against British in the Ohio River Valley. The French and Indians had a friendly relationship. The two groups traded with each other (beaver fur was a primary trade staple). The British had an awful start but ended up winning the war when William Pitt became prime minister. | |
| 468552459 | Iroquois Neutrality | During both Queen Ann's War and King George's War, the Iroquois Confederacy maintained the policy of neutrality that it first developed in 1701. The confedracy manipulated the Europeans by refusing to commit warriors fully to either side despite being given many gifts by both sides. | |
| 468552460 | Albany Congress/ Plan of Union | A conference in the United States Colonial history form June 19 through July 11, 1754 in Albany New York. It advocated a union of the British colonies for their security and defense against French Held by the British Board of Trade to help cement the loyalty of the Iroquois League. After receiving presents, provisions and promises of Redress of grievances. 150 representatives if tribes withdrew without committing themselves to the British cause. | |
| 468552461 | Battle at Fort Necessity | The Battle of Fort Necessity, or the Battle of the Great Meadows took place on July 3, 1754 in what is now the mountaintop hamlet of Farmington in Fayette County, Pennsylvania. The engagement was one of the first battles of the French and Indian War and George Washington's only military surrender. The battle, along with the May 28 Battle of Jumonville Glen, contributed to a series of military escalations that resulted in the global Seven Years' War | |
| 468552462 | William Pitt | A British leader from 1757-1758. He was the prime minister in London, and earned himself the name, "Organizer of Victory". Pittsburgh was named after him. His idea was to gain colonial support by reimbursing the colonies the money that they paid for the war and by allowing local colonists to control recruiting. He was also the prime minister of London at the time of the Townshend Acts. | |
| 468552463 | Treaty of Paris | In 1763 France ceded its major North American holdings to Britain. Spain, an ally of France toward the end of the war, gave Florida to the victors. France, meanwhile, ceded Louisiana west of the Mississippi to Spain, in partial compensation for its ally's losses elsewhere. The British then gained control of the continent's fur trade. The English seacoast colonies would not have to worry about France threatening their territory. | |
| 468552464 | Neolin | A shaman also known as the Delaware Prophet, urged the Indians to resist the raids on their lands and European influence on their culture. For the first time since King Phillip in 1675, a native leader called for the unity of all tribes in the face of an Anglo-American threat. | |
| 468552465 | Pontiac | An Indian Chief of an Ottawa village near Detroit, became the leader of a movement based on Neolin's precepts. He led post war flare-up in the Ohio River Valley and Great Lakes Region in 1763, and his actions led to the Proclamation of 1763; the Proclamation angered the colonists. | |
| 468624816 | Proclamation of 1763 | In October the ministry issued this, which designated the headwaters of rivers flowing into the Atlantic from the Appalachians as the temporary western boundary for the colonial settlement. The people expected the proclamation to prevent clashes by forbidding colonists to move onto Indian land until land cessions had been negotiated. But this infuriated the colonists who had already moved out to the new land and land speculation companies from PA and VA. | |
| 468624817 | King George III | The new king during the Seven Years' War. George III and his Prime Minister George Greenville both believed that the colonist should help pay the huge debt that occurred by financing the war. They said that the colonist were the beneficiaries of the war however the colonist believed the debt was paid in full by providing all of the soldiers for war. Parliament imposed many new taxes on the colonists: Sugar Act, Currency Act, Stamp Act, Navigation Act, and the Declaratory Act. | |
| 468624818 | George Grenville | Prime Minister of Great Britain that passed the Stamp Act. He believed that the colonies should be required to pay for a war that was largely to protect them | |
| 468624819 | Parliamentary Rule/ Virtual Representation | Idea that parliament, by definition, represents all of Great Britain's subjects. Which really means that the colonists don't have the right to vote but England is telling them that they promise to keep them in mind. | |
| 468624820 | Real Whig's | A group of British writers who opposed centralized government. Many Americans identified themselves with these theorists and believed that a good government was one left to the people. They stressed the dangers inherent in a powerful government, particularly one headed by a monarch. | |
| 468624821 | Cato's Letters | A series written by Real Whigs members John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon in 1720-1723 about how political power was to be feared. The people had to exercise perpetual vigilance to prevent rulers' attempts to corrupt and oppress them. | |
| 468624822 | Sugar and Currency Acts | A British attempt to stop the colonies from smuggling in 1764. Revised existing customs regulations and laid new duties on some foreign imports into the colonies. Discouraged American rum distillers from smuggling French West Indian Molasses. This increased demand for sugar from the British islands. Was designed to raise revenue, but imposed on the American colonies in the midst of a depression. The merchants were hurt the most because when the prices go up, the market goes down. | |
| 468692698 | Stamp Act | 1765 passed by PM Grenville that required tax stamps which needed to be purchased with sterling on almost all printed materials. affected colonial elite and merchants the most. prompted violent demonstrations, the Stamp Act Congress, and the formation of The Sons of Liberty. Protests involved both laborers and wealthy merchants. repealed in 1766 | |
| 468692699 | Rights of British Colonies Asserted and Proved | The most important colonial pamphlet protesting the Sugar Act and proposed the Stamp Act written by James Otis Jr. a lawyer from MA. Otis exposed the dilemma that confounded the colonists for the next decade. "How could they justify their opposition to certain acts of Parliament without questioning the Parliament's authority over them?" Otis said that Americans should not be taxed without their consent, but they must obey parliament, even though they were not really represented. | |
| 468692700 | Patrick Henry | Young Lawyer serving first term in House of Burgesses was angry at his peers for their unwillingness to oppose the Stamp Act. Wrote Virginia Stamp Act Resolves (proposed seven resolutions, four of which were accepted - asserted that colonists never fortified rights of British Subjects). Son of a prosperous Scottish immigrant living in West Virginia. He was married at 18 with little education. He failed at farming and storekeeping, so returned to law. He was accused of treason for one of his speeches. | |
| 468692701 | Loyal Nine | A Boston social club to printers, distillers, and artisans who organized against the Stamp Act. By this they wanted to show how people of all ranks were opposed to the Act. | |
| 468692702 | Sons of Liberty | An inter-colonial association first started by New Yorkers whose influence spread into other areas. It was composed of merchants, tradesmen. By 1766 they linked leaders from Charlestown, South Carolina to Portsmouth, New Hampshire. They could influence events but not change them at the time. | |
| 468692703 | Townshend Acts | The 1767 taxes on goods like paper, glass, and tea. It applied to items imported to the colonies from Britain (violating mercantilism theory) and the revenues were used to pay royal officials in the colonies who had previously been paid by the colonists. | |
| 468692704 | Edenton Ladies Tea Party/ Daughters of Liberty | Groups of Women who worked together to oppose parliament and support the revolution. Actions included the homespun clothing movement and not drinking tea after the Tea Act. | |
| 468692705 | Boycotts | To join with others in refusing to deal with a person, organization, or country usually to express disapproval or to force acceptance of terms. Many of these occurred because of the Stamp Act. It helped to revive a depressed economy by creating demand for local products and reducing merchants' inventories. | |
| 468692706 | Boston Massacre | On March 5, 1770, laborers threw snowballs at British soldiers. Soldiers fired into crowd killing 5 colonists. Patriots used this to support their statement that the British were cruel and unfeeling. Gave the soldiers a fair trial tho so that they would not become martyrs for the Loyalist cause and to keep the British from retaliating in Boston | |
| 468692707 | Samuel Adams | A Boston tax collector, member of MA assembly, ally of Loyal Nine, and Member of Sons of Liberty. He emphasized the need for united collective action. He was the founder of original Committee of Correspondence which educated the residents of MA about political decisions and occurrences so that they would be better informed. He chaired the meeting in Old South Church that attempted to convince the governor Thomas Hutchinson to send the taxed tea back to Great Britain in 1773 (before The Tea Party) | |
| 468692708 | Committee of Correspondence | Founded by Samuel Adams, this undertook the task of creating an informed consensus among the residents of Massachusetts. Such committees, which were eventually established throughout the colonies, represented the next logical step in the organization of American resistance. The Boston town meeting directed this Committee to state the rights of the colonits, to list the violations that have been made, and to send copies to other towns in the province. | |
| 468692709 | Tea Act | In May 1773 legal tea sold to America would be sold by the East India Company to avoid middlemen. This means cheaper Tea for Americans, but the Colonists would still be taxed by Townshend Acts and seemed to be starting an East India monopoly over colonial trade. | |
| 468692710 | Coercive and Quebec Acts | In 1774 (aka Intolerable acts) closed port of Boston, substitued an appointed council for an elected one in MA, forbid town meetings, and people who committed murder to suppress riots could be tried outside the state. After passing the last of the Coercive Acts, Parliament turned its attention to the much needed reforms in the government of Quebec. The Quebec Act became linked with the Coercive Acts in the minds of the patriots. |
