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| 7441316815 | Olive Branch Petition | Passed by Second Constitutional Congress, conciliatory appeal to the king, will be loyal if Britain addressed their grievances | 0 | |
| 7441316816 | Common Sense | by Thomas Paine, pamphlet that changed outlook on war, people should not blame their problems on Parliment but on the king and the system that allowed him to rule. Britain dragged us into wars and it was unfit to rule us. 100,000 copies sold in the first few months | 1 | |
| 7441316817 | Declaration of Independence 1776 | By second continental congress, Thomas Jefferson with help from John Adams and Benjamin Franklin writes it. expressed beliefs already expressed not much that was new, enlightenment ideals. Sovereign and independent nation. | 2 | |
| 7441316818 | Loyalists(Tories) | Those who had only supported the war as long as its aims did not conflict with basic loyalties to the king, a substantial minority | 3 | |
| 7441316819 | Continental Congress | A meeting of delegates from each of the thirteen American colonies. These delegates served as the government during the Revolutionary War. Nothing more than a coordinating system, not a real national government, power was in each individual state | 4 | |
| 7441316820 | Articles of Confederation 1777 | confirmed continental congress which was weak and decentralized but chief coordinating agency of the war effort. Gave congress limited powers and did not really state that they would be a real government. | 5 | |
| 7441316821 | George Washington | Virginia plant aristocrat, Built fort necessity in french and Indian war, led continental army, low wage and short rations with employers who interfered too much, he was still a good leader | 6 | |
| 7441316822 | General Howe | British side on battle of bunker hill, attacked in Boston and wins but severe casualty rate. commands huge army in New York but fails to impress, he abandons strategy to split America in 2 and goes to Philadelphia, | 7 | |
| 7441316823 | Bunker Hill | American forces attack general Thomas Gage(Britain) in Boston and lose, retreating but inflict greater casualties to British. In 1776 led to eventual evacuation of British because of geography (narrow neck of land) and it was rebel capital | 8 | |
| 7441316824 | Battle of saratoga | In bennington, vermont, militiamen under bunker hill veteran John Stark, destroy a British detachment Burgoyne sent to get supplies. This cut off Bygones supplies, and withdrew to Saratoga when Gates surrounded him and forced a surrender. Huge, turning point in war leading to US and France allaince | 9 | |
| 7441316825 | Joseph and Mary Brant | wanted to expand native american role in the war not stay passive. Seneca, Cayuga and their tribe caused Burygones unsuccessful campaigns in the north. They supported the British | 10 | |
| 7441316826 | Benedict Arnold | a general during the American Revolutionary War. He originally fought for the American Continental Army but then betrayed America by turning to the British Army when he felt the Continental Army was hopeless he conspired to betray the Patriot stronghold at west point | 11 | |
| 7441316827 | General Cornwallis | Clinton's choice as British commander in the South crushed Horatio Gates patriot army he loses at kings mountain where 1,100 Tories he was using as auxiliaries were defeated. Abandons Carolina campaign and waits between york and james rivers. and surrenders | 12 | |
| 7441316828 | Nathanael Greene | replaces Horatio Gates as Southern command of patriot forces, quaker and former blacksmith from rhode island. Arrives at Kings mountain and divides forces that attack in small groups avoiding a showdown, then with reinforcements he combines all forces and fights British head on at Guildford in north Carolina. He lost but made Cornwallis abandon his campaign. | 13 | |
| 7441316829 | Yorktown | George Washington, Rochambeau, Francois Joseph Paul trap Cornwallis at Yorktown between land and sea. Washington and Rochambeau join with French in Virginia, while Grasse sailed with additional troops to the York river and Chesapeake bay. Last major battle and Cornwallis is defeated. |  | 14 |
| 7441316830 | Treaty of Paris 1783 | Spain and France agree to end hostilities, US gets recognition of independence, and territory from northern Canada to northern Florida and from the Atlantic to the Mississippi. Cornwallis's defeat provoked outcries from England from continuing the war | 15 | |
| 7441316831 | Thomas Jeremiah | Charleston, South Carolina, a free black executed in 1775 for smuggling British guns to South Carolina slaves(accused by patriot leaders), example of how African Americans were exposed to revolution concept and rebelled themselves | 16 | |
| 7441316832 | Molly Pitcher | She carried pitchers of water to the soldiers on the battlefield, shows how women were not restricted to women's tasks. She watched her husband fall and took his place as field gun. | 17 | |
| 7441316833 | Abigail Adams | wife of John Adams (soon to be president) asks her husband not to forget the women who helped in the revolution when setting up the new rights, she wanted protection from abusive men for women. Modest expansion of rights. Women had no legal authority | 18 | |
| 7441316834 | Judith Sargent Murray | leading essayists of the late 18th century, women's minds are equal to men's and deserve a equal education | 19 | |
| 7441316835 | Ordinances 1784 and 1785 | based on proposal of Thomas Jefferson dividing the western territory into ten self-governing sections who with enough people could petition for statehood. The other ordinance established a system for selling and surveying this land. North of Ohio river would be surveyed and marked into rectangular townships with 36 sections where 4 are for US revenue and 1 is for a school, 1$ an acre | 20 | |
| 7441316836 | The Grid | result of the ordinance of 1785 division of land into carefully measured and evenly distributed squares or rectangles instead of based on natural boundaries or landlord claims | 21 | |
| 7441316837 | Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | problem:created because it was favorable to land speculators ordinary settlers could not afford the land. This sold the best land to the Ohio and Scioto companies, then to anyone else. Ordinance: abandoned the ten districts and created 1 northwest territory out of north Ohio lands, then into 5 sections where there was no slavery. | 22 | |
| 7441316838 | Battle of Fallen Timbers | Northwest frontier, 1790&1791 group of tribes led by little turtle defeated US in two battles near west Ohio. In one battle Americans died fighting at the Wabash river, then General Anthony Wayne defeated Indians at battle of fallen timbers(US WINS) forcing negotiations | 23 | |
| 7441316839 | Anthony Wayne | defeated little turtle at battle of fallen timbers | 24 | |
| 7441316840 | Treaty of Greenville | in result of battle of fallen timbers, the Miami(led by little turtle) cede large amounts of land in promise that the US would recognize their territory they retained, the US in this way affirmed lands could only be ceded by tribes | 25 | |
| 7441316841 | Daniel Shays | farmers believe the state is taxing only to enrich wealthy bondholders, they can not pay taxes. In the Connecticut valley and Massachusetts , revolutionary veterans(who were not paid) rally behind a former captain in the Continental army. Prevented collection of debts and demanded money be printed, no prison for debt and relocation of Boston. go to Springfield but minutemen stop and end rebellion | 26 |
