AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition Chapter 6
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| 11551919125 | James Madison | 1. "Father of the Constitution". 2. solved the questions of sovereignty and limiting power with the separation of power and checks and balances. 3. Contributed to the Federalist papers. |  | 0 |
| 11551919126 | Alexander Hamilton | One of the authors of the Federalist Papers. He favored a strong central government. He was appointed by washington as secretary of the treasury. He also desird the creation of a national bank. |  | 1 |
| 11551919127 | Federalists | Political party that supported the constitution. They supported a centralized & economically sound government. Had the support of Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay, Ben Franklin and loosely George Washington. better organized than anti-federalists feared disorder, anarchy, chaos, unchecked power of the masses |  | 2 |
| 11551919128 | Anti-Federalist | Political party in opposition to the constitution. They believed the constitution violated the principles of the revolution. They were concerned that the constitution lacked a bill of rights and gave government too much power feared the dangers of concentrated power and that the gov would abuse the citizens' rights like england |  | 3 |
| 11551919129 | Bill of Rights | The first ten amendments (changes to the Constitution) were added to protect the rights of individual citizens. Nine dealt with basic rights. The tenth reserved state power for anything not specifically withheld from or delegated to the federal government. |  | 4 |
| 11551919130 | Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions | Two states passed resolutions that argued states had the right to nullify laws passed at the federal level. it was unsuccessful. |  | 5 |
| 11551919131 | National bank tariffs; excise tariffs | Favored by Federalists in North as way to fund government/protect businesses; opposed by South and farmers | 6 | |
| 11551919132 | Checks and balances | Designed to keep one branch of government from dominating the other |  | 7 |
| 11551919133 | Great Compromise | A compromise made at the constitutional convention of 1787. Stated that their would be a 2 house legislature with one house represented by population and each slave would count as 3/5ths of a person in both taxation and representation. The upper house would have 2 representatives per state regardless of population. population: house of reps equal representation: senate aka Connecticut compromise-- compromise of VA and NJ plan |  | 8 |
| 11551919134 | House of Representatives | Representation in the House would be based on population of each state |  | 9 |
| 11551919135 | Senate | Two people per state, regardless of size |  | 10 |
| 11551919136 | 3/5ths Compromise | 3/5's of a state's slave population would be counted for representation and direct taxation |  | 11 |
| 11551919137 | Electoral college system | Process by which a President is elected in the US |  | 12 |
| 11551919138 | Legislative branch | The branch of government that makes laws |  | 13 |
| 11551919139 | Congress | Legislative branch; House and Senate |  | 14 |
| 11551919140 | Cabinet | Term for chiefs of departments appointed by Washington constitution does not specify how many there should/should not be. first 3 were state (jefferson), treasury (Hamilton), and war (knox) |  | 15 |
| 11551919141 | Judiciary Act | Established a Supreme Court with one chief justice and five associate justices |  | 16 |
| 11551919142 | Federal courts | Courts created by the Judiciary Act judiciary act of 1789- gave details to what constitution listed about judicial branch | 17 | |
| 11551919143 | Supreme Court | Ultimate court in the US had the power to make final decisions in cases involving constitutionality of state laws |  | 18 |
| 11551919144 | Democratic-Republican Party | Rival to Federalists; opposed strong central government; led by Jefferson |  | 19 |
| 11551919145 | John Adams | In 1796 he was a Federalist who was elected as the second president. |  | 20 |
| 11551919146 | Revolution of 1800 | Election in which Democratic-Republicans peacefully took power from the Federalists. | 21 | |
| 11551919147 | French Revolution | Democratic-Republican's felt we were obligated to support the French. |  | 22 |
| 11551919148 | Proclamation of Neutrality | In 1793 Washington announced US as neutral in the war between England and France |  | 23 |
| 11551919149 | Jay's Treaty | establish American Sovereignty over the entire Northwest Territory and produced a satisfactory commercial relationship with britain. |  | 24 |
| 11551919150 | Pinckney Treaty | Spain agreed to open lower Mississippi River and New Orleans to US trade & conceded to prevent indian attacks across the border of FL. |  | 25 |
| 11551919151 | Articles of Confederation | America's original governing document. - Established a very weak central government and strong state governments. This government was favored by those terrified of tyrannical central government. | 26 | |
| 11551919152 | The Virginia Plan | A plan for new government with three branches, Executive, Legislative, and Judicial. According to this plan the legislative branch would have 2 houses. The lower house would represent the states based on population, the upper house would be appointed by the lower house. Favored by large states, disliked by small states. | 27 | |
| 11551919153 | The New Jersey Plan | A plan proposing a "federal" not "national" government. This plan would have a one house legislature with equal representation for each house but with more ability to tax and regulate commerce. Favored by small states, disliked by large states. | 28 | |
| 11551919154 | Federalist Papers | Series of widely published essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the pseudonym Publius. They defended the constitution to the public attempting to get them to want to ratify the constitution | 29 | |
| 11551919155 | First national elections in 1789 | George Washington elected to the presidency unanimously. John Adams became Vice-President. April 30, 1789 Inauguration. | 30 | |
| 11551919156 | Judiciary Act of 1789 | An act that provided a Supreme Court with six justices, thirteen district courts and three circuit courts of appeals. The act also gave the Supreme Court final decision in cases involving the constitutionality of state laws. | 31 | |
| 11551919157 | National Bank | Hamilton proposed this to stabilize and unify the American banking system. In 1791 the bank began operations controversial bc constitution did not assigned it so some people argued that it was not legal. Hamilton argued that it was necessary and that the constitution did not specifically prohibit it | 32 | |
| 11551919158 | Republicans | Because of the rise of the Federalist party headed by Hamilton, it's opposition formed the (Democratic) Republican party. Key figures were Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. | 33 | |
| 11551919159 | Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 | Farmers in western PA refused to pay the excice tax on whiskey, directly breaking federal law. The also terrorized tax collectors. Washington organized an army of 15,000 and personally led the troops to PA....rebellion quickly ceased. | 34 | |
| 11551919160 | Constitution and the Indians | The constitution only vaguely mentions indians and leaves their place in the new nation unclear. They are not citizens but are not foreign countries like britain and france. | 35 | |
| 11551919161 | Election of 1796 | Washington did not run for presidency. The Republican party had Thomas Jefferson. The Federalist party was split between John Adams and Thomas Pinckney. Adams won by three electoral votes. | 36 | |
| 11551919162 | The Alien Act | This act discouraged immigation and encouraged foreigners already in the country to leave. It put new obstacles in the way of citizenship and strengthened the president's hand in dealing with foreigners. | 37 | |
| 11551919163 | The Sedition Act | This act allowed the government to prosecute anyone who committed "libelous or treasonous acts" against the government. Different people thought different things treasonous so the government could basically prosecute anyone who did not agree with them. | 38 | |
| 11551919164 | Judiciary Act 1801 | Federalists reduced number of supreme court judges and then flooded the court system with federalist judges so that they could maintain control over one branch of government during the republican dominated political era to come. | 39 | |
| 11551919165 | compromise on slavery | congress could not tax exports and could not impose a duty of more than 10 dollars per imported slave and they had no authority to stop the slave trade for 20 years | 40 | |
| 11551919166 | why was the question of sovereignty so difficult to resolve? | how could both state and national governments exercise sovereignty at the same time? could not decide where ultimate sovereignty lies decided that sovereignty came from the people this neither state nor national gov was truly sovereign. people were fearful of a tyrannical government, but there also needed to be a powerful national government bc not having one failed in the articles of conferderation | 41 | |
| 11551919167 | federalism | power divided between states and federal government power at all levels of gov flowed ultimately from the people | 42 | |
| 11551919168 | separation of powers | divided power among the branches so that one branch would not be more powerful than the other | 43 | |
| 11551919169 | positives of the national bank | restored public credit bonds of US were selling at home and abroad at brices above their face value speculators reaped huge profits from this^^ manufacturers profited from the tariffs and merchants in seaports benefited from the new banking system | 44 | |
| 11551919170 | negatives of the national bank | farmers had to bear a disproportionate tax burden- pay property taxes and tax on distillers initiated by hamilton. many believed the system served the the interest of wealthy elites bc they controlled the money in the bank (one reason people opposed the bank) | 45 | |
| 11551919171 | why did Thomas J and Madison disagree with federalists | republicans (their party) believed that farming and small property owners were crucial to the economy and federalists believed in centralized society and strong, large industries. | 46 | |
| 11551919172 | citizen genet | french diplomatic representative who went to charleston and tried to convince shipwconers to aid the french when us was trying to remain neutral | 47 | |
| 11551919173 | quasi war | US created a navy to fight french ships forming an ally with britain in the war with france. came to a peaceful end | 48 |
