Mr. Guy
Terms : Hide Images
| 14835688497 | Republicanism | A just society in which all citizens willingly subordinated their private, selfish interests to the common good. Both the stability of society and the authority of government thus depended on the virtue of the citizenry-its capacity for selflessness, self-sufficiency, and courage. | 0 | |
| 14835688498 | Radical Whigs | A group of British political commentators, known as the "radical whigs" made attacks on the patronage and bribery used by the king's ministers. They warned citizens to be on guard for possible corruption. Whigs were strongly against authoritarian government, aristocracy, and monarchy. | 1 | |
| 14835688499 | Mercantillism | The ideology that the daughter country (America) only supports the mother country (Britain). | 2 | |
| 14835688500 | Navigation Law of 1650 | All goods flowing to and from the colonies could only be transported in British vessels. It was aimed to hurt rival Dutch shippers, who were trying to get their way into the American carrying trade. | 3 | |
| 14835688526 | Navigation Laws Ideas | 1. Only British ships could transport imported and exported goods from the colonies. 2. The only people who were allowed to trade with the colonies had to be British citizens. 3. Commodities such as sugar, tobacco, and cotton wool which were produced in the colonies could be exported only to British ports. | 4 | |
| 14835688527 | Navigation Laws Chronology (after 1763) | Before 1763 the English civil war and the Glorious Revolution were taking place in Europe. During this time the British had to deal with the wars in Europe and didn't enforce the Navigation Acts. Colonists then stopped following the laws, and smuggling and bribery became a common sight. The colonists began trading with non-British colonies in the Caribbean, this trading contributed to many merchants and farmers prospering. Britain once again tried to enforce these laws after the French and Indian War, but the colonists sternly objected (see below- George Grenville). These acts aroused great hostility in the American colonies. They were finally revoked in 1849 after Britain supported the policy of free trade. | 5 | |
| 14835688501 | George Grenville | Prime minister who, in 1763, ordered the British navy to begin strictly enforcing the Navigation laws to obtain funds for Britain after the Seven Year's War. He also secured from Parliament the Stamp Act. the Sugar Act of 1764, and the Quartering Act. |  | 6 |
| 14835688502 | Sugar Act of 1764 | FIRST EVER LAW passed by Parliament to raise TAX REVENUE in the colonies for England. Increased the duty on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies. | 7 | |
| 14835688503 | Quartering Act of 1765 | Resentment from the Sugar Act was kept burning by the Quartering Act of 1765, which required certain colonies to provide food and quarters for British troops. | 8 | |
| 14835688504 | Stamp Act of 1765 | Tax on the colonies that was intended to raise revenues to support a new military force. Mandated the use of stamped paper, certifying payment of tax. Required on bills of sale for ~50 trade items as well as on playing cards, pamphlets, newspapers, diplomas, and marriage licenses. | 9 | |
| 14835688528 | Colonists Reaction to Stamp/Sugar Act (conspiracy) | Grenville's legislation jeopardized the basic rights of the colonists as Englishmen (no trial by jury in admiralty courts). Conspiracies floated: Why was a British army needed at all in the colonies, now that the French were expelled from the continent and Pontiac's warriors crushed? People cried: "No taxation without representation," and the Americans wanted a distinction between "legislation" and "taxation" but didn't want direct representation in Parliament. Britain began to consider their own political indepence-leading to revolutionary consequences. | 10 | |
| 14835688505 | Stamp Act Congress of 1765 | Brought together in New York City, 27 distinguished delegates from 9 colonies. The members drew up a statement of their rights and grievances and requested the king and Parliament to repeal the hated legislation. The meeting's ripples began to erode sectional suspicions, for it had brought together around the same table leaders from the different and rival colonies. Although it had little effect and Britain ignored it, the Congress was still one step towards intercolonial unity. | 11 | |
| 14835688506 | Nonimportation agreements | Agreements made to not import British goods. United the American people for the first time in common action- gave ordinary American men & women opportunities to participate in protests; this public defiance spread revolutionary fervor throughout American colonial society | 12 | |
| 14835688507 | The Sons of Liberty and Daughters of Liberty | Took law into their own hands by enforcing the nonimportation agreements against violators (ransacked houses of unpopular officials). | 13 | |
| 14835688508 | Declatory Act | Since the machinery for the stamp tax had broken, Britain had to take action after repealing it. They didn't understand why they paid heavy taxes while in the colonies, they refused to pay 1/3 the amount. The Declaratory Act was passed by Parliament, reaffirming its right to bind the colonies in all cases whatsoever. The stage was set for confrontation. | 14 | |
| 14835688509 | Townshend Acts | Passed in 1767 by Parliament, by "Champagne Charley" it put a light import tax on glass, white lead, paper, paint, and tea. They took the new tax less seriously largely because it was light and indirect and found that they could secure smuggled tea at a cheap price. | 15 | |
| 14835688510 | Boston Massacre | March 5, 1770, a crowd of 60 townspeople attacked 10 redcoats. the redcoats opened fired on the civilians, killing/wounding 11 of them (one of the first to die was Crispus Attucks). | 16 | |
| 14835688511 | Lord North | Prime Minister of England from 1770 to 1782. Although he repealed the Townshend Acts, he generally went along with King George III's repressive policies towards the colonies even though he personally considered them wrong. He hoped for an early peace during the Revolutionary War and resigned after Cornwallis' surrender in 1781. | 17 | |
| 14835688512 | Samuel Adams | Master propagandist and engineer of rebellion; formed the first local committee of correspondence in Massachusetts in 1772 (Sons of Liberty) | 18 | |
| 14835688529 | First Committee of Correspondence | Flames of discontent in America continued due to efforts of the British officials to enforce the Navigations Laws. Sam Adams organized committee, and this soon spread. Chief function was to spread the spirit of resistance by interchanging letters and keep opposition to British policy; intercolonial committees of correspondence were the next logical step; Virginia led the way in 1773 with House of Burgesses, later evolved directly into the first American congresses | 19 | |
| 14835688513 | British East India Company of 1773 | Overstocked with 17 million pounds of unsold tea. If the company collapsed, the London government would lose much money. Therefore, to be a nice parent, the London government gave the company a full monopoly of the tea sell in America. Fearing that it was a trick to pay more taxes on tea, the Americans rejected the tea and hence, the Boston Tea Party erupted. | 20 | |
| 14835688514 | Thomas Hutchinson | The governor of Massachusetts. when the ships arrived, he forced the citizens to allow the ships to unload their tea. | 21 | |
| 14835688515 | December 16, 1773 | Date of the Boston Tea Party. Bostonians, disguised as Indians, boarded the ships and dumped the tea into the sea. | 22 | |
| 14835688516 | Intolerable Acts | Passed by Parliament in 1774. Punished the MA people for Boston Tea Party, which restricted their rights. the laws restricted town meetings and stated that enforcing officials who killed colonies in the line of duty would be sent to Britain for trial. Branded in America as the "massacre of American liberty." | 23 | |
| 14835688517 | Bostom Port Act | Part of the intolerable acts. It closed Boston Harbor until damages were paid and order could be ensured. | 24 | |
| 14835688518 | The Quebec Act | Passed in 1774, but was not a part of the Intolerable Acts. It gave Catholic French Canadians religious freedom and restored the French form of civil law. This law nullified many of the western claims of the coast colonies by extending the boundaries of the province of Quebec to the Ohio river on the south and to the Mississippi river. The law was good in bad company, to the colonists, it was terrible (land, religion) | 25 | |
| 14835688519 | The First Continental Congress | In 1774, met in Philidelphia in order to redress colonial grievances over the intolerable acts. September 5 to October 26, 1774; it was not a legislative but a consultative body—a convention rather than a congress (John Adams played a stellar role) After prolonged argument the Congress drew up several dignified papers; these included a ringing Declaration of Rights, as well as solemn appeals to other British American colonies, to the king, and to the British people | 26 | |
| 14835688520 | The Association | The most important outcome of the congress. Complete boycott of British goods: nonimportation, nonexportation, and nonconsumption—the delegates sought merely to repeal the offensive legislation and return to the days before parliamentary taxation | 27 | |
| 14835688521 | 2 rebel ringleaders | Samuel Adams and John Hancock | 28 | |
| 14835688530 | Lexington and Concord | In April 1775, the British commander in Boston sent a detachment of troops to nearby Lexington and Concord; they were to seize store's of colonial gunpowder and also to bag the ringleaders. "Minute Men" refused to disperse rapidly enough and shots were fired that killed 8 Americans and wounded more; the affair was more "Lexington Massacre" than battle; redcoats pushed on to Concord whence they were forced to retreat by Americans. Britain finally had a war on its hands with the Americans | 29 | |
| 14835688531 | Imperial Strengths and Weaknesses | 1. Americans had brashly rebelled against a mighty empire; population odds were 3:1 (some 7.5 Britons to 2.5 million colonists) 1. Britain boasted a professional army of fifty thousand men, as compared with the numerous but wretchedly trained American militia. 2. George III had the treasury to hire foreign soldiers and 30k Hessians were ultimately employed; the British enrolled 50k American Loyalists and enlisted the services of many Indians 2. Yet Britain was weaker than it seemed at first ; oppressed Ireland was a smoking volcano, and British troops had to be detached; France, bitter from defeat, was awaiting an opportunity to stab Britain in the back; London government was inept 3. Many earnest and God-fearing Britons had no desire to kill their American cousins; the English Whig factions, opposed to Lord North's Tory wing, openly cheered American victories; Whigs believed that the battle for British freedom was being fought in America 4. Britain's army in America had to operate under endless difficulties; the generals were second-rate; the soldiers were cruelly treated; Britain was operating some 3,000 miles from its home base and distance added greatly to the delays and uncertainties arising from storms and other mishaps when crossing the Atlantic Ocean. 5. America's geographical expanse was enormous: roughly 1,000 by 600 miles; the Americans wisely traded space for time (captured cities did little to affect the country) | 30 | |
| 14835688522 | American + = Marquis de Lafayette | EVERYONE GIVE IT UP FOR AMERICA'S FAVORITE FIGHTING FRENCHMAN- lAFFAYETTE! Major general in the colonial army at the age of 19. The "French Gamecock"; his services were invaluable in securing further aid from France. | 31 | |
| 14835688532 | Economic Difficulty | Economic difficulties were nearly insuperable; metallic money had already been heavily drained away and the Continental Congress was forced to print "continental" paper money in great amounts—it depreciated to worth little more than nothing. Inflation of the currency inevitably skyrocketed prices; families of the soldier at the fighting front were hard hit; debtors easily acquired handfuls of the quasi-worthless money and gleefully paid their debts "without mercy" | 32 | |
| 14835688523 | Articles of Confederation | Adopted in 1781. It was the first written Constitution adopted by colonists | 33 | |
| 14835688524 | Baron von Steuben | German who helped to whip the Amerian fighters into shape for fighting the British. | 34 | |
| 14835688525 | Lord Dunmore | Royal british governor of Virginia. In 1755 he issued a proclamation promising freedom for any enslaved black in Virginia who joined the British Army "Lord Dunmore's Ethiopian Regiment" | 35 | |
| 14835688533 | American Advantages pre-rev | Basic military supplies. One reason for the eventual alliance with France was the need for a source of firearms. Food was in short supply; manufactured goods also were generally in short supply in agricultural America and clothing and shoes were appallingly scarce. American militiamen were numerous but also highly unreliable. Blacks also fought and died for the American cause- loyalists too tho. | 36 | |
| 14835688534 | "No taxation w/o representation" | Colonists upset about taxing when they don't have representation in government | 37 | |
| 14835688535 | "virtual" representation | Grenville's position that Parliament represented all British subjects, even those Americans in Boston or Charleston who had never voted for a member in Parliament. | 38 | |
| 14835688545 | boycott | 39 | ||
| 14835688546 | Valley Forge | 40 | ||
| 14835688547 | Camp Followers | 41 | ||
| 14835688536 | Charles Townshend | "Champagne Charley"- gave great speeches even while drunk; persuaded parliament in 1767 to pass the Townshend Act | 42 | |
| 14835688537 | Crispus Attucks | He was one of the colonials involved in the Boston Massacre, and when the shooting started, he was the first to die. He became a martyr | 43 | |
| 14835688538 | Marquis de Lafayette | French who was made a major general in the colonial army at the age of 19; the "French Gamecock"; his services were invaluable in securing further aid from France. | 44 | |
| 14835688539 | King George III | King George III, the king of England from 1760 to 1820, exercised a greater hand in the government of the American colonies than had many of his predecessors. Colonists were torn between loyalty to the king and resistance to acts carried out in his name. After King George III rejected the Olive Branch Petition, the colonists came to see him as a tyrant. | 45 | |
| 14835688540 | Edmund Burke | British statesman who supported the American cause | 46 | |
| 14835688541 | Adam Smith | Scottish "father of modern economics" who attacked mercantilism | 47 | |
| 14835688542 | Admiralty Courts | Stamp Act and Sugar Act offenses were tried in this court. Juries were not allowed and the burden of proof was on the defendant. All were assumed to be guilty until proven innocent. Trial by jury and innocent until proven guilty were basic rights that the British people everywhere had held dear. | 48 | |
| 14835688543 | John Hancock | Notable American who amassed a fortune by wholesale smuggling | 49 | |
| 14835688544 | John Adams | Defense attorney for the British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre | 50 |
