Vocabulary for Chapters 20 & 21 of The American Pageant, 13th Edition.
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| 125007733 | Fort Sumter | A fort in SE South Carolina, guarding Charleston Harbour. Its capture by Confederate forces (1861) was the first action of the Civil War. | 0 | |
| 125007734 | Clara Barton | A reformer and nurse of the nineteenth century, who founded the American Red Cross in the 1880s. She had organized nursing care for Union soldiers during the Civil War. | 1 | |
| 125007735 | Edwin M. Stanton | An American lawyer and politician who served as Secretary of War under the Lincoln Administration during the American Civil War from 1862-1865. His effective management helped organize the massive military resources of the North and guide the Union to victory. | 2 | |
| 125007736 | Morrill Tariff Act | Tax placed on imported goods that protected the North's industry and which replaced the Tariff of 1857. | 3 | |
| 125007737 | National Banking Act | A United States federal law that established a system of national charters for banks, the United States national banks. They encouraged development of a national currency based on bank holdings of U.S. Treasury securities, the so-called National Bank Notes ("greenbacks") and established the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency as part of the Department of the Treasury and authorized the Comptroller to examine and regulate nationally-chartered banks | 4 | |
| 125007738 | Trent Affair | An international diplomatic incident that occurred during the American Civil War. On November 8, 1861, the USS San Jacinto, commanded by Union Captain Charles Wilkes, intercepted the British mail packet Trent and removed as contraband of war two Confederate diplomats, James Mason and John Slidell. The envoys were bound for Great Britain and France to press the Confederacy's case for diplomatic recognition by Europe. | 5 | |
| 125007739 | Draft Riots | Violent disturbances in New York City that were the culmination of discontent with new laws passed by Congress to draft men to fight in the ongoing American Civil War. They were the largest civil insurrection in American history apart from the Civil War itself. | 6 | |
| 125007740 | Border States | The slave states of Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri, which refused to secede from the Union in 1860-61. | 7 | |
| 125007741 | Clement L. Vallandigham | Copperhead Congressman from Ohio. | 8 | |
| 125007742 | John Wilkes Booth | The assassin of Abraham Lincoln. He was an actor, and was fanatically devoted to the Confederate cause in the Civil War. While Lincoln was attending a play, he stole into his theater box and shot him in the head at pointblank range. He then leaped down to the stage, breaking his leg, and escaped. Cornered later in a barn, he died of gunshot wounds, possibly inflicted by himself. | 9 | |
| 125007743 | Thomas J. Jackson | A Confederate general during the American Civil War, and probably the most well-known Confederate commander after General Robert E. Lee. His military career includes the Valley Campaign of 1862 and his service as a corps commander in the Army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee. Confederate pickets accidentally shot him at the Battle of Chancellorsville on May 2, 1863, which the general survived, albeit with the loss of an arm to amputation. However, he died of complications of pneumonia eight days later. | 10 | |
| 125007744 | Ulysses S. Grant | A general and political leader of the nineteenth century. He became commanding general of the Union army during the Civil War. He accepted the unconditional surrender of the commanding general of the main Confederate army, Robert E. Lee, at Appomattox Court House. A Republican, he later became president. | 11 | |
| 125007745 | George B. McClellan | A major general during the American Civil War. He organized the famous Army of the Potomac and served briefly (November 1861 to March 1862) as the general-in-chief of the Union Army. Early in the war, he played an important role in raising a well-trained and organized army for the Union. | 12 | |
| 125007746 | William T. Sherman | An American soldier, businessman, educator and author. He served as a General in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861-65), for which he received recognition for his outstanding command of military strategy as well as criticism for the harshness of the "scorched earth" policies that he implemented in conducting total war against the Confederate States | 13 | |
| 125007747 | George B. Meade | A career United States Army officer and civil engineer involved in coastal construction, including several lighthouses. He fought with distinction in the Seminole War and Mexican-American War. During the American Civil War he served as a Union general, rising from command of a brigade to the Army of the Potomac. He is best known for defeating Confederate General Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863. | 14 | |
| 125007748 | Salmon P. Chase | An American politician and jurist who served as U.S. Senator from Ohio and the 23rd Governor of Ohio; as U.S. Treasury Secretary under President Abraham Lincoln; and as the sixth Chief Justice of the United States. | 15 | |
| 125007749 | Merrimack (The Virginia) | A frigate and sailing vessel of the United States Navy, best known as the hull upon which the ironclad warship, CSS Virginia was constructed during the American Civil War. The it took part in the Battle of Hampton Roads and is noted as the first ironclad warship ever built. | 16 | |
| 125007750 | Monitor | The first ironclad warship commissioned by the United States Navy during the American Civil War. She is most famous for her participation in the Battle of Hampton Roads on March 9, 1862, the first-ever battle fought between two ironclads. | 17 | |
| 125007751 | Emancipation Proclamation | An executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War under his war powers. It proclaimed the freedom of 3.1 million of the nation's 4 million slaves, and immediately freed 50,000 of them, with the rest freed as Union armies advanced. | 18 | |
| 125007752 | Thirteenth Amendment | An amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1865, abolishing slavery. | 19 | |
| 125441103 | Copperheads | A vocal group of Democrats in the Northern United States who opposed the American Civil War, wanting an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates. | 20 | |
| 125441104 | Union Party | The name used by the Republican Party for the national ticket in the 1864 presidential election, held during the Civil War. The temporary name was used to attract War Democrats who would not vote for the Republican Party. The party nominated incumbent President Abraham Lincoln and former Democrat Andrew Johnson, who were elected in a landslide. | 21 | |
| 125441105 | First Battle of Bull Run | Fought on July 21, 1861, near Manassas, Virginia, it was the first major land battle of the American Civil War. | 22 | |
| 125441106 | Second Battle of Bull Run | Was fought August 28-30, 1862, as part of the American Civil War. It was the culmination of an offensive campaign waged by Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia against Union Maj. Gen. John Pope's Army of Virginia, and a battle of much larger scale and numbers than the First Battle of Bull Run fought in 1861 on the same ground. | 23 | |
| 125441107 | Battle of Antietam | Fought on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland, as part of the Maryland Campaign, it was the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with about 23,000 casualties. | 24 | |
| 125441108 | Peninsula Campaign | A major Union operation launched in southeastern Virginia from March through July 1862, the first large-scale offensive in the Eastern Theater. The operation, commanded by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan, was an amphibious turning movement intended to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond by circumventing the Confederate States Army in Northern Virginia. | 25 | |
| 125441109 | Battle of Fredericksburg | It was fought December 11-15, 1862, in and around Fredericksburg, Virginia, between General Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia and the Union Army of the Potomac, commanded by Maj. Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside. The Union army's futile frontal assaults on December 13 against entrenched Confederate defenders on the heights behind the city is remembered as one of the most one-sided battles of the American Civil War, with Union casualties more than twice as heavy as those suffered by the Confederates. | 26 | |
| 125441110 | Battle of Chancellorsville | A major battle and Union defeat of the American Civil War, fought from April 30 to May 6, 1863, in Spotsylvania County, Virginia. The battle pitted Union Army Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker's Army of the Potomac against an army half its size, Gen. Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia. It is known as Lee's "perfect battle" because of his risky but successful division of his army in the presence of a much larger enemy force. | 27 | |
| 125441111 | Battle of Gettysburg | Fought July 1-3, 1863, it was the battle with the largest number of casualties in the American Civil War, and is often described as the war's turning point. Union Maj. Gen. George Gordon Meade's Army of the Potomac defeated attacks by Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, ending Lee's invasion of the North. | 28 | |
| 125441112 | Battle of Vicksburg | The final major military action in the Vicksburg Campaign of the American Civil War. In a series of maneuvers, Union Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and his Army of the Tennessee crossed the Mississippi River and drove the Confederate army of Lt. Gen. John C. Pemberton into the defensive lines surrounding the fortress city of Vicksburg, Mississippi. | 29 |
