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AP US History Chapters 2-5 Flashcards

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458612028NationalismFervent belief and loyalty given to the political unit of the nation-state.0
458612029PrimogenitureThe legal principle that the oldest soon inherits all family property or land.1
458612030Joint-stock CompaniesAn economic arrangement by which a number of investors pool their capital for investment.2
458612031CharterA legal document granted by a government to some group or agency to implement a stated purpose, and spelling out the attending rights and obligations.3
458612032CensusAn official count of population, often also including other information about the population.4
458612033FeudalConcerning the hierarchical, decentralized medieval social system of personal obligations between rulers and ruled.5
458612034Indentured ServantA poor person obligated to a fixed term of unpaid labor, often in exchange for a benefit such as transportation, protection or training.6
458612035TolerationOriginally, religious freedom granted by an established church to a religious minority.7
458612036SquatterA frontier farmer who illegally occupied land owned by others, or land not yet officially opened for a settlement.8
458612037BufferIn politics, a small territory or state between two larger, antagonistic powers, established to minimize the possibility of conflict between them.9
458612038Melting PotPopular American term for an ethnically diverse population that is presumed to be "melting" toward some common homogeneous national identity.10
458612039PredestinationThe Calvinist doctrine that God has foreordained some people to be saved and some to be damned.11
458612040ElectIn Calvinist doctrine, those who had been chosen by God for salvation.12
458612041ConversionA religious turn to God, thought by Calvinists to involve an intense, identifiable personal experience of grace.13
458612042Visible SaintsIn Calvinism, those who publicly proclaimed their experience of conversion and were expected to lead godly lives.14
458612043CallingIn Protestantism, the belief that saved individuals have a religious obligation to engage in worldly work.15
458612044HeresyDeparture from correct or officially defined beliefs.16
458612045SeditiousConcerning resistance to or rebellion against the government.17
458612046CommonwealthAn organized civil government or social order united for a shared purpose.18
458612047AutocraticAbsolute or dictatorial rule.19
458612048Passive ResistanceNonviolent action or opposition to authority, often in accord with religious or moral beliefs.20
458612049AsylumA place of refuge and security, especially for the persecuted or unfortunate.21
458612050ProprietaryConcerning exclusive legal ownership, as of colonies granted to individuals by the monarchy.22
458612051NaturalizationThe granting of citizenship to foreigners or immigrants.23
458612052Blue LawsLaws designed to restrict personal behavior in accord with a strict code of morality.24
458612053EthnicConcerning diverse peoples or cultures, specifically those of non-Anglo-Saxon background.25
458612054HeadrightThe right to acquire a certain amount of land ranted to the person who finances the passage of a laborer.26
458612055DisfranchiseTo take away the right to vote.27
458612056Civil WarAny conflict between the citizens or inhabitants of the same country.28
458612057TidewaterThe territory adjoining water affected by tides--that is, near the seacoast or coastal rivers.29
458612058Middle Passagethat portion of a slave ship's journey in which slaves were carried from Africa to the Americas.30
458612059FertilityThe ability to reproduce and bear abundant young.31
458612060MenialFit for servants; humble or low.32
458612061MilitiaA voluntary, nonprofessional armed force of citizens, usually called to military service only in emergencies.33
458612062HierarchyA social group arranged in ranks or classes.34
458612063CorporationA private group or institution to which the government grants legal rights to carry on certain specified activities.35
458612064JeremiadA sermon or prophecy recounting wrongdoing, warning of doom, and calling for repentance.36
458612065LynchingThe illegal execution of an accused person by mob action, without due process of law.37
458612066HinterlandAn inland region set back from a port, river, or seacoast.38
458612067Social StructureThe basic pattern of the distribution of statues and wealth in a society.39
458612068Blue-bloodOf noble or upper-class descent.40
458612069SectA small religious group tat has broken away from some larger mainstream church, often claiming superior or exclusive possession of religious truth.41
458612070AgitatorsPersons who seek to excite or persuade the public on some issue.42
458612071StratificationThe visible arrangement of society into a hierarchical pattern, with distinct social groups layered one on top of another.43
458612072MobilityThe capacity to pass readily from one social or economic condition to another.44
458612073EliteA small, identifiable group at the top of a society or particular institution, usually possessing wealth, power, or special privileges.45
458612074AlmshouseIn the pre-modern era, a home for the poor, supported by charity or public funds.46
458612075GentryLandowners of substantial property, social standing, and leisure, but not title nobility.47
458612076Tenant FarmerOne who rents rather than owns land.48
458612077Penal CodeThe body of criminal laws specifying offenses and prescribing punishments.49
458612078VetoThe executive power to prevent acts passed by the legislature from becoming law.50
458612079ProfessionAn occupation traditionally characterized by specialized skill, mastery of a body of knowledge, and publicly defined privileges and responsibilities.51
458612080ApprenticeA person who works under a master to acquire instruction and skill in a trade or profession.52
458612081SpeculationBuying land or anything else in the hope of profiting by an expected rise in price.53
458612082RevivalIn religion, a movement of renewed enthusiasm and commitment, often accompanied by special meetings or evangelical activity.54
458612083SecularBelonging to the worldly sphere, as distinct from the specifically sacred or churchly.55

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