Vocabulary for Chapters 38 & 39 of The American Pageant, 13th Edition.
Terms : Hide Images
| 159423372 | six days war | a war between Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. The Arab states of Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Tunisia, Morocco and Algeria also contributed troops and arms.[15] At the war's end, Israel had gained control of the Sinai Peninsula, the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, East Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights. The results of the war affect the geopolitics of the region to this day. | |
| 159423373 | Peace Corps | Idea of JFK, volunteers who help third world nations and prevent the spread of communism by getting rid of poverty, Africa, Asia, and Latin America | |
| 159423374 | Gulf of Tonkin Resolution | A joint resolution of the U.S. Congress passed on August 7, 1964 in direct response to a minor naval engagement known as the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. It is of historical significance because it gave U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson authorization, without a formal declaration of war by Congress, for the use of military force in Southeast Asia. | |
| 159423375 | My Lai Massacre | In 1968 American troops massacred women and children in the Vietnamese village of My Lai; this deepened American people's disgust for the Vietnam War. | |
| 159423376 | Kent State Killings | In April of 1970, police fired into an angry crowd of college students at Kent State University. Four students were killed and many others were wounded. The students were protesting against Nixon ordering US troops to seize Cambodia without consulting Congress. | |
| 159423377 | Tet Offensive | 1968; National Liberation Front and North Vietnamese forces launched a huge attack on the Vietnamese New Year (Tet), which was defeated after a month of fighting and many thousands of casualties; major defeat for communism, but Americans reacted sharply, with declining approval of LBJ and more anti-war sentiment | |
| 159423378 | Operation Rolling Thunder | The title of a gradual and sustained U.S. 2nd Air Division (later Seventh Air Force), U.S. Navy, and Republic of Vietnam Air Force (VNAF) aerial bombardment campaign conducted against the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) from 2 March 1965 until 1 November 1968, during the Vietnam War. | |
| 159423379 | Bay of Pigs | In April 1961, a group of Cuban exiles organized and supported by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency landed on the southern coast of Cuba in an effort to overthrow Fidel Castro. When the invasion ended in disaster, President Kennedy took full responsibility for the failure. | |
| 159423380 | Leonid Brezhnev | Seized power from Nikita Khrushchev and became leader of the Soviet Communist party in 1964. Ordered forces in to Afghanistan and Czechoslovakia. | |
| 159598482 | Flexible Response | Kennedy's plan to deal with foreign powers by not always resorting to nuclear weapons but using specialist like the Green Beret | |
| 159598483 | CREEP | Richard Nixon's committee for re-electing the president. Found to have been engaged in a "dirty tricks" campaign against the democrats in 1972. They raised tens of millions of dollars in campaign funds using unethical means. They were involved in the infamous Watergate cover-up. | |
| 159598484 | George Wallace | 1919-1998. Four time governor of Alabama. Most famous for his pro-segregation attitude and as a symbol for states' rights. | |
| 159598485 | Vietnamization | President Richard Nixons strategy for ending U.S involvement in the vietnam war, involving a gradual withdrawl of American troops and replacement of them with South Vietnamese forces | |
| 159598486 | Henry Kissinger | The main negotiator of the peace treaty with the North Vietnamese; secretary of state during Nixon's presidency (1970s). | |
| 159598487 | Civil Rights Act of 1964 | the law that made racial discrimination against any group in hotels, motels, and restaurants illegal and forbade many forms of job discrimination | |
| 159598488 | Cambodian incursion | series of military operations conducted in eastern Cambodia during mid-1970 by the United States (U.S.) and the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) during the Vietnam War. A total of 13 major operations were conducted by the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) between 29 April and 22 July and by U.S. forces between 1 May and 30 June. | |
| 159598489 | Stokely Carmichael | A black civil rights activist in the 1960's. Leader of the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee. He did a lot of work with Martin Luther King Jr.but later changed his attitude. Carmichael urged giving up peaceful demonstrations and pursuing black power. He was known for saying,"Black power will smash everything Western civilization has created." | |
| 159598490 | Great Society | the name given to the programs of President Lyndon B. Johnson, which elevated the federal government to the most prominent role it would play in the twentieth century. the philosophy of this program was that government should try to solve large social problems like hunger and poverty. | |
| 159598491 | George McGovern | Senator from South Dakota during the Cold War; he also ran for president against Nixon in 1972. His defeat signaled that America was in the mood for change from the Democrats. | |
| 159598492 | Spiro Agnew | Nixon's vice-president resigned and pleaded "no contest" to charges of tax evasion on payments made to him when he was governor of Maryland. He was replaced by Gerald R. Ford. | |
| 159598493 | Watergate | 1972; Nixon feared loss so he approved the Commission to Re-Elect the President to spy on and espionage the Democrats. A security gaurd foiled an attempt to bug the Democratic National Committe Headquarters, exposing the scandal. Seemingly contained, after the election Nixon was impeached and stepped down. | |
| 159598494 | Detente | relaxation of tensions between the United States and its two major Communist rivals, the Soviet Union and China | |
| 159598495 | Revenue sharing | distribution of part of the federal tax income to states and municipalities | |
| 159598496 | Cuban Missile Crisis | International crisis in October 1962, the closest approach to nuclear war at any time between the U.S. and the USSR. When the U.S. discovered Soviet nuclear missiles on Cuba, President John F. Kennedy demanded their removal and announced a naval blockade of the island; the Soviet leader Khrushchev acceded to the U.S. demands a week later. | |
| 159598497 | Robert S. McNamara | The secretary of defense under Kennedy. He helped develop the flexible response policy. He was against the war in Vietnam and was removed from office because of this. | |
| 159598498 | Lyndon B. Johnson | President who signed the civil rights act of 1964 into law and the voting rights act of 1965. he had a war on poverty in his agenda. in an attempt to win, he set a few goals, including the great society, the economic opportunity act, and other programs that provided food stamps and welfare to needy famillies. he also created a department of housing and urban development. his most important legislation was probably medicare and medicaid. | |
| 159598499 | Barry Goldwater | An American senator for Arizona who ran against Johnson for president. His extreme conservatism scared many into voting for Johnson. | |
| 159598500 | Thurgood Marshall | American civil rights lawyer, first black justice on the Supreme Court of the United States. Marshall was a tireless advocate for the rights of minorities and the poor. | |
| 159598501 | Robert Kennedy | John Kennedy's brother who served as attorney general and gradually embraced growing civil rights reform; later, as senator from New York, he made a run for the Democratic presidential nomination. An assassin ended his campaign on June 6, 1968. | |
| 159598502 | Gerald Ford | President who served without being elected either president or vice president; appointed vice president under the terms of the Twenty-Fifth Amendment when Spiro Agnew resigned, he assumed the presidency when Nixon resigned. |
