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| 4943870588 | Martin Luther | 95 theses bible only source of god's word ppl saved by faith |  | 0 |
| 4943877850 | John Calvin | Calvinism- predestination |  | 1 |
| 4943883358 | King Henry VIII | Anglican Church so he can get a divorce |  | 2 |
| 4943885978 | Puritans | ppl that want to completely modify church of england only visible saints should be admitted to the church |  | 3 |
| 4943893352 | King James I | harassed separatists out of England |  | 4 |
| 4943897281 | Pilgrims (separatists) | come from Holland Sail Mayflower(didn't settle in Plymouth immediately) |  | 5 |
| 4943902949 | Myles Standish | Great indian fighter & negotiator |  | 6 |
| 4943905578 | Mayflower Compact | model for future constitutions |  | 7 |
| 4943909678 | William Bradford | Chosen gov Plymouth 30 times fur, fish, lumber |  | 8 |
| 4943912717 | franchise | right 2 vote | 9 | |
| 4943914256 | John Winthrop | governor or deputy for 19 yrs helping fur trading, fishing, and shipbuilding |  | 10 |
| 4943920323 | John Cotton | prominent clergy member immigrate to avoid persecution |  | 11 |
| 4943925850 | Anne Hutchinson | antinomianism~ a holy life was no sure sign of salvation and that the truly saved need not bother to obey the law of either God or man. |  | 12 |
| 4943931898 | Roger Williams | tried 2 completely separate from church of england~ radical idealist hounded his fellow clergymen to make a clean and complete break with the Church of England. |  | 13 |
| 4943938948 | Reverend Thomas Hooker | led an energetic group of Puritans west into Connecticut. |  | 14 |
| 4944366392 | 1639 | settlers of the new Connecticut River colony drafted in open meeting a trailblazing document called the Fundamental Orders. It was basically a modern constitution. |  | 15 |
| 4944368438 | new haven founded | 1638 |  | 16 |
| 4944374882 | Squanto | a Wampanoag, helped keep relative peace. In 1637, though, after mounting tensions exploded, English settlers and the powerful Pequot tribe fought in the Pequot War, |  | 17 |
| 4944378465 | King Philip | Metacom (called King Philip by the English) united neighboring Indians in a last-ditched attack that failed. The King Philip's War slowed the colonial western march, but Metacom was beheaded and quartered and his head was stuck on a sharp pike for all to see, his wife and son sold to slavery. |  | 18 |
| 4944383572 | New English Confederation | 1643, four colonies banded together to form the New England Confederation. It was almost all Puritan. It was weak, but still a notable milestone toward American unity. |  | 19 |
| 4944387425 | Dominion of New England | created to bolster the colonial defense against Indians and tying the colonies closer to Britain by enforcing the hated Navigation Acts. The acts forbade American trade with countries other than Britain. As a result, smuggling became common. Head of the Dominion was Sir Edmund Andros. Establishing headquarters in Boston, he openly showed his association with the locally hated Church of England. His soldiers were vile-mouthed and despised by Americans. Andros responded to opposition by curbing town meetings, restricting the courts and the press, and revoking all land titles. He taxed the people without their consent. At the same time, the people of England staged the Glorious Revolution, instating William and Mary to the crown. Resultant, the Dominion of New England collapsed. Massachusetts got a new charter in 1691, but this charter allowed all landowners to vote, as opposed to the previous law of voting belonging only to the church members. |  | 20 |
| 4944398886 | Duke of York | 1664, Charles II granted the area of modern-day New York to his brother, the Duke of York, and that year, British troops landed and defeated the Dutch, kicking them out, without much violence. |  | 21 |
| 4944403625 | Quakers | Quakers (characteristics) They "quaked" under deep religious emotion. They were offensive to religious and civil rule. They addressed everyone with simple "thee"s and "thou"s and didn't swear oaths because Jesus had said "Swear not at all," this last part creating a problem, since you had to swear a test oath to prove that you weren't Roman Catholic. Though stubborn and unreasonable, they were simple, devoted, democratic people against war and violence. |  | 22 |
| 4944405766 | William Penn | William Penn, a well-born Englishman, embraced the Quaker faith. In 1681, he managed to secure an immense grant of fertile land from the king. It was called Pennsylvania, in honor of Penn, who, being the modest person that he was, had insisted that it be called Sylvania. It was the best advertised of all the colonies. |  | 23 |
| 4944411092 | Benjamin Franklin | Benjamin Franklin, born in Boston, entered Philadelphia as a seventeen-year-old in 1720 with a loaf of bread under each arm and immediately found a congenial home in the urbane, open atmosphere of the city. Americans began to realize that not only were they surviving, but that they were also thriving. |  | 24 |
| 4944436889 | headright system | encouraged growth of the Chesapeake. Under this system, if an aristocrat sponsored an indentured servant's passage to America, the aristocrat earned the right to purchase 50 acres land, undoubtedly at a cheap price. This meant land was being gobbled by the rich, and running out for the poor. Early on, most of the laborers were indentured servants. Life for them was hard, but there was hope at the end of seven years for freedom. Conditions were brutal, and in the later years, owners unwilling to free their servants extended their contracts by years for small mistakes. |  | 25 |
| 4944438775 | Nathaniel Bacon | led a few thousand of these men in a rebellion against the hostile conditions. These people wanted land and were resentful of Virginia governor William Berkeley's friendly policies toward the Indians. Bacon's men murderously attacked Indian settlements after Berkeley refused to retaliate for a series of savage Indian attacks on the |  | 26 |
| 4944442942 | slave codes | clear up issues on slave ownership, the slave codes made it so that slaves and their children would remain slaves to their masters for life (chattels), unless they were voluntarily freed. Some laws made teaching slaves to read a crime, and not even conversion to Christianity might qualify a slave for freedom. |  | 27 |
| 4944449578 | controversy between witch trials | s Puritans began to worry about their children and whether or not they would be as loyal and faithful, and new type of sermon came about called "jeremiads." In jeremiads, earnest preachers scolded parishioners for their waning piety in hope to improve faith. Paradoxically, troubled ministers announced a new formula for church membership in 1662, calling it the "Half-Way Covenant." In the Half-Way Covenant, all people could come and participate in the church, even if they fell short of the "visible-saint" status and were somehow only half converted (with the exception of a few extremely hated groups). In the early 1690s, a group of Salem girls claimed to have been bewitched by certain older women. What followed was a hysterical witch-hunt that led to the executions of 20 people (19 of which were hanged, 1 pressed to death) and two dogs. Back in Europe, larger scale witch-hunts were already occurring. Witchcraft hysteria eventually ended in 1693. X. The New England Way of Life Due to the hard New England soil (or lack thereof), New Englanders became great traders. New England was also less ethnically mixed than its neighbors. The climate of New England encouraged diversified agriculture and industry. Black slavery was attempted, but didn't work. It was unnecessary since New England was made of small farms rather than plantations as down South. Rivers were short and rapid. The Europeans in New England chastised the Indians for "wasting" the land, and felt a need to clear as much land for use as possible. Fishing became a very popular industry. It is said New England was built on "God and cod." |  | 28 |
