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| 455670703 | Albany Plan of Union (1754) | Proposed by Ben Franklin in Albany Early attempt at forming a union of colonies under one government for defense and other purposes during French and Indian War | |
| 455670704 | French and Indian War (1754-1763) | Britain and Prussia vs. France Austria Russia and Spain Very costly fighting War creates uneasy treaty and a lot of debt British first resort to taxing colonies | |
| 455670705 | Proclamation of 1763 | Violates natural rights to liberty and property by prohibiting colonists from crossing to the west to indian/french territory to avoid costly wars | |
| 458712296 | John Peter Zenger | German anti-government writer, Defendant in Landmark case, where truth was a defense against libel charges All newspapers became critical of gov afterwards | |
| 455670706 | Stamp Act (1765) | Everything you had to buy was stamped or taxed to be valid | |
| 455670707 | Republican Motherhood | Idea that women should be educated so they know how to raise good men. (ex. of women taking over man's jobs and property at home) | |
| 455670708 | Stamp Act Congress (1765) | Set of resolutions that deny England's right to tax colonies eventually enforced | |
| 455670709 | Sons of Liberty | Led by John Hancock organized and controlled resistance against Parliamentary acts in less violent ways, such as the Boston Tea Party | |
| 455670710 | Declaratory Act (1766) | New tax on imported goods Responded by Boycotts "Save your money and save your country" | |
| 455670711 | Townshend Revenue Acts (1767) | Provided for collection of external tax in customs house and colonial ports on colonial tea, paint, paper, and glass. | |
| 455670712 | Internal vs. External taxation | Benjamin Franklin proposes that England does have right to externally tax its own colony in terms of trading but NO RIGHT to tax internally | |
| 455670713 | Benjamin Franklin | Connected the colonies to Britain, opposed to unnecessary unfair taxation; strong influence on Albany Plan | |
| 455670714 | Boston Massacre (1770) | Frightened Soldiers shot 5 colonists, tried in England, taxes temporarily stopped | |
| 455670715 | Tea Act (1773) | Tax on tea that causes a monopoly and enrages the colonists as "a diabolical plot to enslave the colonists" | |
| 455670716 | Boston Tea Party (1773) | Planned by Sons of Liberty, dressed up as indians, began throwing tea off of boston harbor in protest, vast amounts of money in damages Causes intolerable acts | |
| 455670717 | Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts) (1774) | 1.Closed Boston Harbor 2. Curfew 3. No meetings 4. Soldier Reenforcement (Martial Law) | |
| 455670718 | Quartering Act (1765) | Legalized Housing of British Troops in private homes | |
| 455670719 | Olive Branch Petition (pledging American's loyalty to England) (1775) | Adopted by Congress to avoid full out war with Britain King George throws it out, deeming all Americans traitors | |
| 455670720 | 1st and 2nd Continental Congress (1775-1776) | -First Plan to draft the DOI Response to the Intolerable acts forced by British on colonies - made plans for economic boycott of British goods -made plans for war | |
| 455670721 | Lexington and Concord | LEXINGTON- ordered 700 troops to capture store of American Ammo at town of Concord (SHOT HEARD FROM AROUND THE WORLD) CONCORD- British marched there, burned down supplies, cutting down liberty poles | |
| 455670722 | Battle of Bunker (Breed's) Hill (1775) | TOOK PLACE ON BREED'S HILL During Boston siege- England won, but 1000 casualties US Proved they can stand up to England | |
| 455670725 | Declaration of Independence (1776) | Declared Independence from England Gave certain rights such as the right to revolt Drafted by Thomas Jefferson | |
| 455670723 | Loyalists vs. Patriots | Loyalists- Supporters of Britain living in America (2/3) Patriots- Colonists who wanted American Independence | |
| 455670724 | Common Sense (1776) | Written by THOMAS PAINE Put blame for Colonists' oppression on King George III Voices reasons convincing loyalists WHY WE SHOULD REVOLT | |
| 455670726 | Battle of Trenton (Dec 26 1776) | GW crosses Delaware and surprise attacks Hassan mercenaries Christmas night All captured w/ few losses INSPIRES enlistment and RAISES MORALE! | |
| 455670727 | Battle of Saratoga (1777) | Turning point in war General Burgoyne outnumbered 3:1, surrenders Sways LOUIS XVI TO SEND NAVY AND SUPPLIES TO HELP U.S. WIN WAR (france believed US had a winning chance) | |
| 455670728 | Battle of Yorktown (1781) | Colonel Army pushes south for NY and West VA Leads to Cornwallis' SURRENDER END OF WAR | |
| 455670729 | George Washington | 1st President- Leader of the Continental Army Invaded Canada | |
| 455670730 | Valley Forge (1777-1778) | Encampment of US militia during rev. war, where british could have killed freezing soldiers only 20 miles away, but didn't changed US morale (WE CAN DO THIS!) | |
| 458712297 | Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776) | George Mason: Declared sovereignty resided in people and gov was SERVING THE PEOPLE PEOPLE had the right to reform alter or ABOLISH gov. Influenced State const and bill of rights | |
| 455670731 | Articles of Confederation (1776-1767) | Created weak gov w/ loose alliance between states with the MOST power, NO PRESIDENT/LEADER Ratified 1781 Created northwest ordinance | |
| 458712298 | Land Ordinance of 1785 | Made provision for federal survey of Newly Incorporated Lands Divided the land into townships of 36 sections | |
| 455670732 | Northwest Ordinance (no slavery past ohio river) (1787) | Make-a-State Plan Established system of gov for territory North of Ohio River Establish IMPORTANT IDEA OF BRINGING NEW TERRITORY INTO STATES ON AN EQUAL BASIS W/ ORIGINAL 13 STATES | |
| 455670733 | Treaty of Paris (1783) | America granted full independence, loses territory of Canada, loyalists compensated for seized property | |
| 455670734 | Manumission of slaves | Freeing of Slaves on both side b/c either it was the job of the slave (US) or slave was promised freedom if they fought in rev war (US and Eng.) | |
| 455670735 | federalism (state constitutions and national power) | Strong Central Gov provided by power divided between state and national gov checks and balances amendable const. | |
| 455670736 | Shays's Rebellion (1781) | West Massachusetts Angry Farmers in debt revolted against gov and US There was no militia to stop the Farmers So founding fathers had to rethink gov. | |
| 455670737 | Constitutional Convention (James Madison, father of const.) (1787) | Gathering for purpose of writing a new const./ revising an old one (philadelphia) | |
| 455670738 | Virginia Plan (Madison's idea, EDMUND PRESENTED IT) (1787) | Proposed national legislature states represented according to pop. BICAMERAL CONGRESS | |
| 455670739 | New Jersey Plan (const convention 1787) | Proposed equal representation based on pop. Strengthened national gov | |
| 455670740 | Great (CT) Compromise (const. convention 1787) | JAMES MADISON Proposed bicameral legislature in all states, equally represented in senate, and proportion representation in House 3 branch plan | |
| 455670741 | 3/5 Compromise (1787) | 3/5 of slave pop. counted for enumeration purposes addresses distribution of slaves, and gives more appointment of members in US House of Representatives | |
| 455670742 | Federalists (JAMES MADISON, ALEXANDER HAMILTON) | Supporters of the const who favored its ratification Strong Central Gov (Shays, indian attacks) Feared Anarchy from AOC (Ratification debate: Federalist papers, stick with aoc, fall apart) | |
| 455670743 | Anti-Federalists | Opponents of const in debate of it -prostates' rights, unanimous consent, religion | |
| 455670744 | Bill of Rights (1789-1791) | GEORGE MASON and JAMES MADISON -Inalienable rights protected by the const from power of the central gov antifederalist victory- LIMITED GOV POWER | |
| 455670745 | Washington Presidency precedents (only serving 2 terms, swearing on bible, state of the union address) (1790) | Things GW may have done to provoke a custom for future presidents to come | |
| 455670746 | Legislative Branch | Branch of gov that deals w/ proposing, making laws, impeachments, with a bicameral leg. SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES | |
| 455670747 | Executive Branch | Responsible for execution of laws where president signs/vetoes bill, and can use an executive order. | |
| 455670748 | Judicial Branch | Branch responsible for interpreting laws to be const. or unconst.- 9 justices | |
| 455670749 | Loose vs. Strict Constructionism | STRICT- Interpretation of const. that only lets fed gov take only actions const. SPECIFICALLY says it can do LOOSE- Interpretation of Const. that allows fed gov to take actions const. does NOT SPECIFICALLY forbid it from taking | |
| 455670750 | Alexander Hamilton's Economic Plan vs. Thomas Jefferson's | AlEX HAMILTON- Advocated creation of national bank, assumption of state debts by fed gov, and tariff system to pay off national debt. THOMAS JEFFERSON- Agrarianism, citizens were to grow and sell own food for profit, make own clothes Belief in self-sustaining household that also produced income | |
| 455670751 | Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans | 2 parties that formed during GW's presidency: Started by ALEXANDER HAMILTON -Federalists wanted a strong central gov w/ separation of church and state where gov protects individual rights Democratic Republicans wanted stronger state gov -started by plantation owner THOMAS JEFFERSON Favored the common man | |
| 455670752 | Whiskey Rebellion (1791) | Western Pennsylvania farmers protest against whiskey excise tax GW sends militia to put down Rebellion, ends nonviolently | |
| 455670753 | Jay's Treaty (1793) | Said Britain was to pay for American ships that were seized in 1793 Americans had to pay British merchants debts owed from BEFORE revolution Britai agreed to remove troops from Ohio Valley | |
| 458626908 | Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 | Response to French attempts for alliance w/ US | |
| 455670754 | Washington's Farewell Address (1796) | Warned Americans NOT to get involved in European affairs, NOT to make permanent alliances, and NOT to form political parties AVOID SECTIONALISM! | |
| 455670755 | John Adams (Pres. 1797-1801) | 2nd president of US, GW's vice before, assisted Thomas Jefferson in drafting DOI, Helped negotiate peace treaty w/ England | |
| 455670756 | XYZ Affair (1798) | Names of the 3 agents reported to congress who tried to get the US to bribe France into discussion of Franco-American Treaty | |
| 455670757 | Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) | A: President can jail non-citizens who criticize gov. S: Speaking, writing, or publishing criticism of gov. was considered treason tried to limit power of free speech of democratic republicans | |
| 455670758 | VA and KY Resolutions (1798+1799) | Argued that states had rights to determine whether or not congress passed laws that are unconstitutional |
