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| 6059720477 | William Seward | United States politician who as secretary of state in 1867 arranged for the purchase of Alaska from Russia for 7.2 million dollars(known at the time as Seward's Folly) Secretary of state for Lincoln and Johnson | 0 | |
| 6059720478 | Alfred Thayer Mahan | American Naval officer and historian. He is most famous for his book "The Influence of Sea Power on History" (1890) which defined Naval strategy. His philosophies had a major influence on the Navies of many nations resulting in a igniting of naval races between countries. | 1 | |
| 6059720479 | jingoism | extreme, chauvinistic patriotism, often favoring an aggressive, warlike foreign policy | 2 | |
| 6059720480 | yellow journalism | One of the causes of the Spanish-American War (1898) - this was when newspaper publishers like Hearst and Pulitzer sensationalized news events (like the sinking of the Maine) to anger American public towards Spain. Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers | 3 | |
| 6059720481 | DeLome letter | Considered a cause of the Spanish-American War - letter from the Spanish ambassador criticizing President McKinley which was published in the Hearst newspaper. (1898) | 4 | |
| 6059720482 | Sinking of the Maine | One week after the de Lome letter made headlines on February 15,1898, the U.S. battleship Maine was at anchor in the harbor of Havana, Cuba when it suddenly exploded. 260 Americans were killed on board. The yellow press accused Spain of blowing up the ship, even though experts later concluded that the explosion was an accident. | 5 | |
| 6059720483 | Teller Amendment | April 1896 - U.S. declared Cuba free from Spain, but this amendment disclaimed any American intention to annex Cuba | 6 | |
| 6059720485 | Rough Riders | A volunteer calvary regiment led by Theodore Roosevelt which fought in Battle of San Juan Hill. | 7 | |
| 6059720486 | Liliuokalani | Hawaiian Queen who tried to eliminate white control in the Hawaiian government. The white population revolted and seized power. Under McKinley Hawaii was annexed | 8 | |
| 6059720487 | Anti-Imperialist League | Objected to the annexation of the Philippines and the building of an American empire. Idealism, self-interest, racism, constitutionalism, and other reasons motivated them, but they failed to make their case and lost by 2 votes; the Philippines were annexed in 1900 | 9 | |
| 6059720488 | Insular cases | These were court cases dealing with islands/countries that had been recently annexed and demanded the rights of a citizen. These Supreme Court cases decided that the Constitution did not always follow the flag, thus denying the rights of a citizen to Puerto Ricans and Filipinos. | 10 | |
| 6059720489 | Platt Amendment | Cuba had to agree to this to get US troops to leave Cuba: 1) Cuba makes no treaty with others if in endangers independence 2) can't borrow money if they can't pay back 3)US can get involved with Cuba affairs 4)US has naval base at Guantanamo Bay | 11 | |
| 6059720490 | Open Door Policy | A policy, proposed by the United States in 1899, under which all nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China | 12 | |
| 6059720492 | Boxer Rebellion | 1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops | 13 | |
| 6059720493 | Big-Stick policy | Roosevelt's philosophy - In international affairs, ask first but bring along a big army to help convince them. Threaten to use force, act as international policemen | 14 | |
| 6059720494 | Hay-Pauncefote Treaty | An agreement in which the U.S would receive exclusive rights to construct and control a canal in Central America. It nullified the 1850 Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, thus allowing the Panama Canal to be built. | 15 | |
| 6059720495 | Roosevelt Corollary | Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force, first put into effect in Dominican Republic | 16 | |
| 6059720496 | Russo-Japanese War | Russia and Japan were fighting over Korea, Manchuria, etc. Began in 1904, but neither side could gain a clear advantage and win. Both sent reps to Portsmouth, NH where TR mediated Treaty of New Hampshire in 1905. Teddy Roosevelt won the nobel peace prize for his efforts, the 1st pres. to do so. | 17 | |
| 6059720497 | Treaty of Portsmouth | (1905) ended the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905). It was signed in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, after negotiations brokered by Theodore Roosevelt (for which he won the Nobel Peace Prize). Japan had dominated the war and received an indemnity, the Liaodong Peninsula in Manchuria, and half of Sakhalin Island, but the treaty was widely condemned in Japan because the public had expected more. | 18 | |
| 6059720498 | Gentleman's Agreement | (1907) agreement in which the Japanese promised not to issue passports to laborers seeking to come to the US, in return for no Japanese segregation in the US. | 19 | |
| 6059720499 | Great White fleet | 1907-1909 - Roosevelt sent the Navy on a world tour to show the world the U.S. naval power. Also to pressure Japan into the "Gentlemen's Agreement." | 20 | |
| 6059720500 | Dollar Diplomacy | Foreign policy created under President Taft that had the U.S. exchanging financial support ($) for the right to "help" countries make decisions about trade and other commercial ventures. Basically it was exchanging money for political influence in Latin America and the Caribbean. | 21 | |
| 6059720502 | New Freedom | Woodrow Wilson's domestic policy that, promoted antitrust modification, tariff revision, and reform in banking and currency matters. | 22 | |
| 6059720503 | Moral Diplomacy | President Woodrow Wilson's approach to foreign policy, focusing on promoting democratic ideals and morals abroad. | 23 | |
| 6059720504 | Jones Act | 1916-Act which granted full territorial status to the Philippines, guaranteed a bill of rights and universal male sufferage, as well as Philippine independence as soon as a stable government was established | 24 | |
| 6059720505 | Expeditionary force | Wilson ordered General Pershing to pursue Pancho Villa into Mexico. They were in nothern Mexico for months without being able to capture Villa. Growing possibility of U.S. entry into World War I caused Wilson to withdraw Pershing's troops. | 25 | |
| 6059720507 | Frederick W. Taylor | The original "efficiency expert" who, in the book The Principles of Scientific Management from 1911, preached the gospel of efficient management of production time and costs, the proper routing and scheduling of work, standardization of tools and equipment, and the like. | 26 | |
| 6059720508 | Lincoln Steffans | He was another muckraking journalist that worked for McClure's. He is known for exposing corruption in major American cities. His first installment- "Tweed Days in St. Louis" may have been the "first muckraking article". He also wrote an autobiography that Dr. Ferdon liked called the Autobiography of Lincoln Steffens. He said after returning from Communist Russia, "I've seen the future and it works." | 27 | |
| 6059720509 | Ida Tarbell | A leading muckraker and magazine editor, she exposed the corruption of the oil industry with her 1904 work A History of Standard Oil. | 28 | |
| 6059720510 | Jacob Riis | Early 1900's muckraker who exposed social and political evils in the U.S. with his novel "How The Other Half Lives"; exposed the poor conditions of the poor tenements in NYC and Hell's Kitchen | 29 | |
| 6059720511 | Theodore Dreiser | Wrote two novels "The Financier" and "The Titan" which portrayed the avarice and ruthlessness of industrialists. | 30 | |
| 6059720512 | Robert La Folette | The Progressive Governor of Wisconsin who developed the Direct Primary Method as well as the "Wisconsin Idea". | 31 | |
| 6059720513 | 17th Amendment | Passed in 1913, this amendment to the Constitution calls for the direct election of senators by the voters instead of their election by state legislatures. | 32 | |
| 6059720514 | initiative, referendum, recall | The right of citizens to place a measure or issue before the voters or the legislature for approval. The practice of letting voters accept or reject measures proposed by the legislature. The act of removing an official by petition | 33 | |
| 6059720515 | Square Deal | Progressive concept by Roosevelt that would help capital, labor, and the public. It called for control of corporations, consumer protection, and conservation of natural resources. It denounced special treatment for the large capitalists and is the essential element to his trust-busting attitude. This deal embodied the belief that all corporations must serve the general public good. | 34 | |
| 6059720516 | Anthracite coal miners strike | (Pennsylvania) miners demanded 20% increase in pay and reduction of the working day from 10 to 9 hours; owners refused to negotiate because they were confident that the public would react against the miners; Roosevelt threatened to seize control of mines; owners agreed to 10% pay boost and 9 hour work day | 35 | |
| 6059720518 | Hepburn Act | 1906, Gives the ICC the power to set maximum railroad rates, finally giving the agency enforcement power | 36 | |
| 6059720519 | Upton Sinclair | Muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. The book was fiction but based on the things Sinclair had seen. | 37 | |
| 6059720520 | Pure Food and Drug Act | Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs, it gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs in order to abolish the "patent" drug trade. Still in existence as the FDA. | 38 | |
| 6059720521 | Meat Inspection Act | 1906 - Laid down binding rules for sanitary meat packing and government inspection of meat products crossing state lines. | 39 | |
| 6059720522 | Newlands Reclamation Act | 1902 act authorizing federal funds from public land sales to pay for irrigation and land development projects, mainly in the dry Western states | 40 | |
| 6059720523 | Gifford Pinchot | Head of the U.S. Forest Service under Roosevelt, who believed that it was possible to make use of natural resources while conserving them | 41 | |
| 6059720524 | Mann-Elkins Act | Passed in 1910, it empowered the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) for the first time to initiate rate changes, extend regulation to telephone and telegraph companies and set up a Commerce Court to expedite appeals from the ICC rulings | 42 | |
| 6059720525 | 16th Amendment | Authorized the collection of income tax. This made the rich pay their fair share to the government as well as allowing the Underwood-Simmons Tariff of 1913 to lower many tariffs | 43 | |
| 6059720526 | Bull Moose Party/New Nationalism | The Republicans were badly split in the 1912 election, so Roosevelt broke away forming his own Progressive Party (or Bull Moose Party because he was "fit as a bull moose...") with the platform of New Nationalism. Wanted more government regulation of business and unions, women's suffrage, and more social welfare programs. His loss led to the election of Democratic nominee Woodrow Wilson, but he gained more third party votes than ever before. | 44 | |
| 6059720527 | New Freedom | Woodrow Wilson's program in his campaign for the presidency in 1912, the New Freedom emphasized business competition and small government. It sought to reign in federal authority, release individual energy, and restore competition. It echoed many of the progressive social-justice objectives while pushing for a free economy rather than a planned one. | 45 | |
| 6059720528 | Federal Reserve Act | This 1914 act created a central banking system, consisting of twelve regional banks governed by the Federal reserve Board. It was an attempt to provide the United States with a sound yet flexible currency. The Board it created still plays a vital role in the American economy today. | 46 | |
| 6059720529 | Clayton Antitrust Act | Corrected the problems of the Sherman Antitrust Act; outlawed certain practices that restricted competition; unions on strike could no longer be considered violating the antitrust acts | 47 | |
| 6059720530 | Niagara Movement | In 1905, W E B Du Bois met with a group of black intellectuals in Niagara Falls, Canada, to discuss a program of protest and action aimed at securing equal rights for blacks. They and others who later joined the group became known as this. | 48 | |
| 6059720531 | NAACP | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination, to oppose racism and to gain civil rights for African Americans, got Supreme Court to declare grandfather clause unconstitutional. | 49 | |
| 6059720533 | Carrie Chapman Catt/League of Women Voters | Run by Carrie Chapman Catt and made to educate women about political issues and candidates running for office | 50 | |
| 6059720534 | NAWSA | National American Woman Suffrage Association; founded in 1890 to help women win the right to vote; led by Carrie Chapman Catt | 51 | |
| 6059720535 | Alice Paul | Leader of National Woman's party; used aggressive, militant tactics to persuade Congress and the public, as she had seen the English do for their suffrage. Used mass pickets, parades, and hunger strikes. | 52 | |
| 6059720536 | 19th Amendment | 1920; Gave women the right to vote | 53 |
