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| 4863641632 | Chattel Slavery | A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and se can be bought and sold like property |  | 0 |
| 4863641633 | Neo-Europes | Terms for colonies in which colonies sought to replicate, or at least approximate, economies and social structures they knew at home |  | 1 |
| 4863641634 | Encomienda | A grant of Indian labor in Spanish America given in the sixteenth century by the Spanish kings to prominent men. Encomenderos extracted tribute from these Indians in exchange for granting them protection and Christian instruction |  | 2 |
| 4863641635 | Columbian Exchange | The massive global exchange of living things, including people, animals, plants, and diseases, between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that began after the voyages of Columbus |  | 3 |
| 4863641636 | Outwork | A system of manufacturing, also known as putting out, used extensively in the English woolen industry in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Merchants bought wool and then hired landless peasants who lived in small cottages to spin and weave it into cloth, which the merchants would sell in English and foreign markets | 4 | |
| 4863641637 | Merchantilism | A system of political economy based on government regulation. Beginning in 1650, Britain enacted Navigation Acts that controlled colonial commerce and manufacturing for the enrichment of Britain |  | 5 |
| 4863641638 | House of Burgesses | Organ of government in colonial Virginia made up of an assembly of representatives elected by the colony's inhabitants |  | 6 |
| 4863641639 | Royal Colony | In the English system, a royal colony was chartered by the crown. The colony's governor was appointed by the crown and served according to the instructions of the Board of Trade |  | 7 |
| 4863641640 | Freeholds | Land owned in it's entirety, without feudal dues or landlord obligations. Freeholders had the legal right to improve, transfer, or sell their landed property | 8 | |
| 4863641641 | Headright System | A system of land distribution, pioneered in Virginia and used in several other colonies, that granted land - usually 50 acres - to anyone who paid the passage of a new arrival. By this means, large planters amassed huge landholdings as they imported large numbers of servants and slaves |  | 9 |
| 4863641642 | Indentured Servitude | Workers contracted for service for a specified period. In exchange for agreeing to work for four or five years (or more) without wages in the colonies, indentured workers received passage across the Atlantic, room and board, and status as a free person at the end of the contract period |  | 10 |
| 4863641643 | Pilgrims | One of the first Protestant groups to come to America, seeking a separation from the Church of England. They founded Plymouth, the first permanent community in New England, in 1620 |  | 11 |
| 4863641644 | Puritans | Dissenters from the Church of England who wanted a genuine Reformation rather than the partial Reformation sought by Henry VIII. The puritans' religious rituals emphasized the importance of an individual's relationship with God developed through Bible study, prayer, and intropection |  | 12 |
| 4863641645 | Joint-stock Corporations | A financial organization devised by English merchants around 1550 that facilitated the colonization of North America. In these companies, a number of investors pooled their capital and received shares of stock in the enterprise in proportion to their share of the total investment |  | 13 |
| 4863641646 | Predestination | The Protestant Christian belief that God chooses certain people for salvation before they are born. Sixteenth century theologian John Calvin was the main proponent of this doctrine, which became a fundamental tenet of Puritan theology | 14 | |
| 4863641647 | Toleration | The allowance of different religious practices. Lord Baltimore persuaded the Maryland assembly to enact the Toleration Act (1649), which granted all Christians the right to follow their beliefs and hold church services. The crown imposed toleration on Massachusetts Bay in it's new royal charter of 1691 | 15 | |
| 4863641648 | Covenant of Works | The Christian idea that God's elect must do good works in their earthly lives to earn their salvation |  | 16 |
| 4863641649 | Covenant of Grace | The Christian idea that God's elect are granted salvation as a pure gift of grace. This doctrine holds that nothing people do can erase their sins or earn them a place in heaven |  | 17 |
| 4863641650 | Town Meeting | A system of local government in New England in which all male heads of households met regularly to elect select-men, levy local taxes, and regulate markets, roads, and schools |  | 18 |
| 4863641651 | Philip II | - Spain's wealthiest ruler in the wealthiest nation in Europe 1556-1598 - Determined to root out challenges to the Catholic Church whenever they appeared - The independent Anglican Church created by Elizabeth I tolerance was anathema to him - Held American interests - To meet Elizabeth's challenges of brutally massacring Indians, he sent a fleet to England in 1588. Intended to restore Roman Church in England and wipe out Calvinism in Holland. Failed and fleet was destroyed - Continued to spend American gold on religious wars which was an ill-advised policy and by his death in 1598 Spain was in serious economic decline |  | 19 |
| 4863641652 | Francis Drake | - Most famous of the Elizabethan "sea dogs" who Queen Elizabeth I supported a generation of - Devoutly Protestant farmer's son who took the sea and became a difficulty to Philip's American interests - 1577 ventured to the Pacific to disrupt Spanish shipping to Manila and completed first English circumnavigation of the globe and captured two Spanish ships; however they did lose many men in the process - Returned with enough silver, gold, silk, and spices to bring his investors a 4,700 percent return on their investment in 1580 |  | 20 |
| 4863641653 | Opechancanough | - Powhatan's younger brother and successor - 1607 he attacked some English invaders and would not accept a treaty or allow Indian children to go to English schools to be brought up in Christianity - Became paramount chief of some thirty tribal chiefdoms between the James and Potomac rivers - 1622 coordinated an attack that killed 347 Englishmen which was nearly one third of the population; English fought back by seizing the fields of food and took and sold warriors into slavery and declared a war without peace or truce that lasted a decade |  | 21 |
| 4863641654 | Lord Baltimore | - Catholic aristocrat Cecilius Calvert - Was granted lands bordering the cast Chesapeake Bay by King Charles I who was secretly sympathetic to Catholicism - Thus Maryland became refuge for Catholics under persecution in England - Helped Maryland grow quickly because he imported many artisans and offered ample lands to many migrants - Settlers elected a representative assembly and insisted on right to initiate legislation which he grudgingly granted - To protect coreligionists, persuaded assembly to enact the Toleration Act in 1649, which granted all Christians the right to follow their beliefs and hold church services |  | 22 |
| 4863641655 | John Winthrop | - 1630 led 900 migrants beginning the Puritan exodus - Well-educated country squire who became the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony - Governed from the town of Boston - Transformed their joint-stock corporation into a representative political system with a governor, council, and assembly - To ensure rule by the godly, he (and puritans) limited the right to vote and hold office to men who were church members - Established Puritanism as state-supported religion and barred other faiths from conducting services and used the Bible as the legal guide |  | 23 |
| 4863641656 | Roger Williams | - Target of Massachusetts Bay magistrates who were purging society of religious dissidents - The Puritan minister in Salem - Opposed the decision to establish an official religion and praised the Pilgrim's separation of church and state - Advocated for toleration saying that magistrates on controlled men and material estates of men and not their spiritual lives - Also questioned the Puritans' seizure of Indian lands - Magistrates banished him from the colony in 1636 - Brought his followers 50 miles south of Boston and created the town of Providence |  | 24 |
| 4863641657 | Anne Hutchinson | - Second threat to the magistrates authority - Wife of a merchant and mother of seven - Held weekly prayer meetings for women and accused various Boston clergymen of placing undue emphasis on good behavior - Denied that salvation could be earned through good deeds - There was no "covenant of works," only a "covenant of grace" through which God saved those he predestined for salvation - Declared that God revealed divine truth directly to individual believers , a controversial doctrine that the Puritan magistrates denounced as heretical - Magistrates disliked her because of her gender - 1637 magistrates said accused her of teaching that inward grace freed an individual from the rules of the Church and found her guilty for holding heretical views - She was then banished and followed Roger Williams to Rhode Island |  | 25 |
| 4863641658 | Metacom | - Also known as King Philip was a Wampanoag leader in the 1670s - His people tried selling pork in Boston, Puritan's accused them of selling at "an under rate" and restricted their trade - When Indians killed wandering hogs that devastated their cornfields, authorities persecuted them for violating English property rights which made him conclude that the Englishmen had to be kicked out - Allied with Narragansetts and Nipmucks and attacked white settlements through New England - War ended in 1676 when warriors ran out of gunpowder and Massachusetts Bay allied with Mohawk and Mohegan warriors who killed of Metacom - Metacom's war, later called King Philip's war, destroyed one-fifth of English towns in Massachusetts and Rhode Island - War didn't eliminate the presence of Native Americans in southern New England, but effectively destroyed their existence as independent peoples |  | 26 |
