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| 6710902033 | Columbian Exchange | The exchange of plants (crops), animals and diseases from Europe to the New world. |  | 0 |
| 6710902034 | Mercantilism | Economic policy of Great Britain during the 17th and 18th centuries. Linked a counties power to their amount of bullion. Colonial acquisitions were beneficial to mercantile countries because they could sell goods to their colonies in return for gold and silver, as well as get raw materials from their colonies. | 1 | |
| 6710902035 | Half Way Covenant | Agreement allowing unconverted offspring of church members to baptize their children. Established by the puritans to ease requirements for church membership and retain control. | 2 | |
| 6710902036 | Enlightenment | Philosophy arguing that reason could improve the human condition and the influence of the natural world | 3 | |
| 6710902037 | The first great awakening | Religious revivals that spread across the american colonies during the 1730s and 1740s. They emphasized direct and emotional spirituality. | 4 | |
| 6710902038 | Constitutional convention | Meeting of delegates from many states in 1787 to address weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation. Created a strong central government that shared powers with the states. | 5 | |
| 6710902039 | Separation of powers | The division of power between the legislative, judicial and executive branches. |  | 6 |
| 6710902040 | Checks and balances | The system that allows each branch of government to contain the power of the other branches. | 7 | |
| 6710902041 | Hamilton's financial plan | Hamilton wanted to establish a sound financial system for the new country. His plan included assuming state debt, creating the national bank, and imposing tariffs to protect home industries. | 8 | |
| 6710902042 | Judicial review | The supreme courts ability to remove an act of congress by declaring it unconstitutional. Was established in the case of Marbury vs. Madison (1803). | 9 | |
| 6710902043 | American System | Proposed by Henry Clay, it was a plan designed to unify the nation and promote american industry by using protective tariffs, a national bank and federally funded internal improvements. | 10 | |
| 6710902044 | Republican motherhood | Idea that women's roles were to be wives and mothers and it was their duty to raise children. | 11 | |
| 6710902045 | Transcendentalism | Literary and intellectual movement that emphasized individualism and self-reliance. Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. | 12 | |
| 6710902046 | The second great awakening | A Wave of religious activity between 1800 to 1830. Focused on issues of slavery, prison reform and anti-liquor laws. Women were a large part of this movement. | 13 | |
| 6710902047 | Jacksonian Democracy | Refers to the political beliefs of President Andrew Jackson. It included greater emphasis on the common man, the spoils system and opposition to privilelged eastern elites. | 14 | |
| 6710902048 | Nullification | Legal theory that a state has the power to invalidate any federal law within their borders. First used by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions (1798). South Carolina also nullified the tariffs of both 1828 and 1832 led by John C. Calhoun. | 15 | |
| 6710902049 | Manifest Destiny | A belief held by a nineteenth-century Americans that the United States was destined to spread from the Atlantic the Pacific. |  | 16 |
| 6710902050 | Popular Sovereignty | The principle that settlers of a certain area have the sole right to decide if slavery will be allowed there. Led to many conflicts over slavery. | 17 | |
| 6710902051 | Reconstruction | Plan implemented by congress from 1865-1877 to reorganize the governments of southern states and reintegrate them in to the union. | 18 | |
| 6710902052 | Social gospel | Reform movement based on the belief that Christians have a responsibility to to confront social problems such as poverty. | 19 | |
| 6710902053 | Gospel of wealth | Article published by Andrew Carnegie expressing the belief that the wealthy should use their wealth to benefit society. | 20 | |
| 6710902054 | Social Darwinism | Idea that certain races or people gained wealth by survival of the fittest and the wealthy were the most fit to be rich. | 21 | |
| 6710902055 | Frontier thesis | Frederick Jackson Turner's theory that american democracy was shaped by frontier life and ideals. | 22 | |
| 6710902056 | New Immigrants | Massive wave of immigrants who came to America from 1880 - 1924 primarily from southern and eastern Europe. | 23 | |
| 6710902057 | Nativism | Group that favored native born citizens over immigrants. Formed the "Know- Nothing" political party in the 1840s. | 24 | |
| 6710902058 | Vertical Integration | Practice perfected by Andrew Carnegie of controlling every step of an industry in order to increase efficiency and limit competition. | 25 | |
| 6710902059 | Horizontal Integration | Practice perfected by John Rockefeller of dominating one phase of an industry in oder to monopolize a market. | 26 | |
| 6710902060 | Populism | Political party of the 1890s formed by farmers and the working who believed that U. S economic policy unfairly favored eastern businesses. | 27 | |
| 6710902061 | Progressivism | Sought to use government to help create a more just society. Involved Presidents Roosevelt (teddy) and wilson who fought against impure foods, child labor, corruption and large trusts. | 28 | |
| 6710902062 | Muckrakers | Young Reporters who exposed illegal business practices and corrupt political leaders. Their work helped spur the passage of reform legislature. | 29 | |
| 6710902063 | Roaring Twenties | Period of social unrest and tension due to immigrations restrictions, the rise of fundamentalism (religious movement), and changing sexual values. | 30 | |
| 6710902064 | Prohibition | From 1919 and 1933 when the production and consumption of alcohol was illegal. Led to a rise in organized crime and defiance of the law. | 31 | |
| 6710902065 | Isolationism | Prominent American foreign policy that guided America to not become involved with entangling foreign alliances and wars. | 32 | |
| 6710902066 | Containment | U.S foreign policy during the Cold War that was designed to contain the speed of communism through military and political pressure. Proposed by American diplomat George Kennan. | 33 | |
| 6710902067 | Mccarthyism | Term that refers the public accusations of disloyalty without sufficient evidence by senator Joseph McCarthy that played on the fears of Americans by claiming that communists had infiltrated the U.S government | 34 | |
| 6710902068 | Domino theory | Theory that refers to the belief that if one country falls to communism, its neighbors will be effected and also turn communist. | 35 | |
| 6710902069 | Black power | Group that promoted pride in African American heritage and a militant position in defense of their rights. Led by Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael and Huey Newton | 36 | |
| 6710913885 | watergate | series of political scandals that resulted in Richard Nixon being the only president to resign, he did so in 1974 | 37 | |
| 6710915826 | detente | relaxation of tensions between US and Soviet union, examples include Strategic Arms Limitation Talks which expanded trade w soviet union | 38 | |
| 6710920449 | reaganomics | economic policies of president reagan, called supply-side economics, hoped to promote growth and investment by degrading business, reducing tax rates, and lowering federal tax rates for upper and middle income americans | 39 | |
| 6710925763 | affirmative action | attempts to open access to education and employment for members of groups that experienced discrimination, these sometimes imposed quotas for college admin and hiring to address past injustices | 40 | |
| 6771439241 | progressive era | the political orientation of those who favor progress toward better conditions in government and society | 41 | |
| 6771439242 | french and indian war | fought between England and France. The Treaty Of Paris ended the French and Indian War and gave control of all French land in North America to England. | 42 | |
| 6771444800 | Mexican America War | War with Mexico which began in 1846 when the U.S. annexed Texas and Mexico challenged the Border. Battles were fought in Texas, and Mexico was invaded from the Atlantic Ocean by General Winfield Scott. Scott attacked Mexico City and Chapultepec. The war ended with the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. | 43 | |
| 6771448382 | puritanism | 1. Unhappy with Reforms in English Church 2. Social Unrest and increased Religious participation a. change from agricultural to pastoral economy b.thousands displaced c. class conscience -could not question 3. opposed priesthood and monarchy-equality of believers | 44 | |
| 6771452262 | Jacksonian Democratic Party 1830-40 | The idea of spreading political power to the people and ensuring majority rule as well as supporting the "common man" | 45 | |
| 6771454468 | whig party 1830-40 | Political party formed to go against Andrew Jackson; they were against the executive branch having too much power; Martin Van Buren was elected as a Whig candidate in 1836 | 46 | |
| 6771469729 | cold war foreign policies | Harry Truman- Dwight Eisenhower- Richard Nixon- | 47 | |
| 6771521658 | Bacon Rebellion | Nathanial Bacon grouped together and angry mob to burn Jamestown and Indian settlements as a protest for the reason that they didn't get any protection from the government. | 48 | |
| 6771541710 | northwest ordinance of 1787 | excluded slavery north of Ohio river, first document containing prohibition of slavery | 49 | |
| 6771555169 | Marshall Court | John Marshall, wanted strong central govt, decisions promoted business enterprise, opposed state rights | 50 | |
| 6771561213 | Marbury v Madison | established judicial review, strengthened federal govt under Marshall | 51 | |
| 6771572942 | Dartmouth College v Woodward | ruling said that constitution protected contracts from state encroachments, safeguarded businesses from state govt interference | 52 | |
| 6771586999 | Worcester v Georgia | SC upheld rights of Cherokee tribes but Jackson refused to recognize the SC decision, followed by Cherokee removal in Georgia | 53 | |
| 6771606542 | Dred Scott v Sandford | Africans were not citizens and could not petition SC, invalidated the Northwest Ordinance and 36 30 line | 54 | |
| 6771617913 | 1873 Slaughterhouse Cases | narrowed the meaning of the 14th amendment, weaker the protection given to African Americans under 14th | 55 | |
| 6771631562 | Plessy v Ferguson | upheld segregation by approving separate but equal accommodations | 56 | |
| 6771639773 | Scopes trial | teacher indicted for teaching evolution, illustrated conflict between fundamentalism and modernism | 57 | |
| 6771647881 | fundamentalism | • A response to liberalism in late 19th and early 20th century o Passionately against modernist/liberal theology | 58 | |
| 6771652240 | Brown v Board of Education of Topeka | reversed principle of separate but equal, declared racially segregated public schools as unequal, most important case following WWII | 59 | |
| 6771660841 | Roe v Wade | SC upheld abortion rights for women, | 60 | |
| 6771665218 | Griswold v Connecticut | SC struck down state law prohibiting use of contraceptives, proclaimed a right to privacy, led to protection of abortion rights | 61 | |
| 6771692180 | wagner act | (National Labor Relations Act) ensured workers rights to organize and bargain collectively, led to increase in labor union membership | 62 | |
| 6771701278 | Tart-Harley Act | intended to curb the power of labor unions, believed unions were abusing their power and organized labor union workers opposed this act | 63 | |
| 6771715105 | Industrial Workers of the World | founded by Eugene Debs, goal was to create one big union, embraces rhetoric of class conflict and endorses violent tactics | 64 | |
| 6771727848 | American Federation of Labor | led by Samuel Gompers, alliance of skilled workers, concentrated on higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions | 65 |
