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| 4918215502 | Anne Hutchinson | American colonist (born in England) who was banished from Boston for her religious views (1591-1643) | 0 | |
| 4918215503 | Benjamin Franklin | printer whose success as an author led him to take up politics | 1 | |
| 4918215504 | Congregationalists | The more extreme Puritans who believed every congregation ought to be autonomous, a law unto itself controlled by neither bishops nor Presbyterian assemblies. | 2 | |
| 4918215505 | George Whitefield | Credited with starting the Great Awakening, also a leader of the "New Lights." | 3 | |
| 4918215506 | Hugenots | originally a pejorative term for French Calvinists, later the official title for members of the Reformed religion, Calvinists | 4 | |
| 4918215507 | John Smith | English explorer who helped found the colony at Jamestown, Virginia | 5 | |
| 4918215508 | Jonathan Edwards | American theologian whose sermons and writings stimulated a period of renewed interest in religion in America (1703-1758) | 6 | |
| 4918215509 | Pilgrims | Group of English Protestant dissenters who established Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620 to seek religious freedom after having lived briefly in the Netherlands. | 7 | |
| 4918215510 | Pocahontas | a Powhatan woman (the daughter of Powhatan) who befriended the English at Jamestown and is said to have saved Captain John Smith's life (1595-1617) | 8 | |
| 4918215511 | Powhatan Confederacy | The organization of Powhatan Tribes led by Chief Powhatan. Jamestown colonists traded with these natives. | 9 | |
| 4918215512 | Puritans | Protestant sect in England hoping to "purify" the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization. | 10 | |
| 4918215513 | Roger Williams | English clergyman and colonist who was expelled from Massachusetts for criticizing Puritanism | 11 | |
| 4918215514 | Sir Walter Raleigh | English courtier (a favorite of Elizabeth I) who tried to colonize Virginia | 12 | |
| 4918215515 | Separatists | People who wanted to have a separate, or different church. Also known as Pilgrims. | 13 | |
| 4918215516 | John Adams | America's first Vice-President and second President. Sponsor of the American Revolution in Massachusetts, and wrote the Massachusetts guarantee that freedom of press "ought not to be restrained." | 14 | |
| 4918215517 | John Quincy Adams | 6th President of the United States; made a system of weights and measures | 15 | |
| 4918215518 | Jane Addams | the founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes | 16 | |
| 4918215519 | American Antislavery Society | Founded in 1833 by William Lloyd Garrison and other abolitionists. Garrison burned the Constitution as a proslavery document. Argued for "no Union with slaveholders" until they repented for their sins by freeing their slaves. | 17 | |
| 4918215520 | American Federation of Labor | a federation of North American labor unions that merged with the Congress of Industrial Organizations in 1955 | 18 | |
| 4918215521 | Anti-federalists | They opposed the ratification of the Constitution because it gave more power to the federal government and less to the states, and because it did not ensure individual rights. Many wanted to keep the Articles of Confederation. The Antifederalists were instrumental in obtaining passage of the Bill of Rights as a prerequisite to ratification of the Constitution in several states. After the ratification of the Constitution, the Antifederalists regrouped as the Democratic-Republican (or simply Republican) party. | 19 | |
| 4918215522 | Susan B. Anthony | social reformer who campaigned for womens rights, the temperance, and was an abolitionist, helped form the National Woman Suffrage Assosiation | 20 | |
| 4918215523 | Antimasonic Party | a 19th century minor political party in the United States. It strongly opposed Freemasonry, and was founded as a single-issue party, aspiring to become a major party | 21 | |
| 4918215524 | Elizabeth Blackwell | A woman who challenging the taboo of professional women. She graduated from medical college, thereby proving that women are able to do what men can. | 22 | |
| 4918215525 | Border Ruffians | Missourians who traveled in armed groups to vote in Kansas's election during the mid-1850's | 23 | |
| 4918215526 | John Brown | abolitionist who was hanged after leading an unsuccessful raid at Harper's Ferry, Virginia (1800-1858) | 24 | |
| 4918215527 | William Jennings Bryan | United States lawyer and politician who advocated free silver and prosecuted John Scopes (1925) for teaching evolution in a Tennessee high school (1860-1925) | 25 | |
| 4918215528 | James Buchanan | The 15th President of the United States (1857-1861). He tried to maintain a balance between proslavery and antislavery factions, but his moderate views angered radicals in both North and South, and he was unable to forestall the secession of South Carolina on December 20, 1860. | 26 | |
| 4918215529 | John C. Calhoun | South Carolina Senator - advocate for state's rights, limited government, and nullification | 27 | |
| 4918215530 | Andrew Carnegie | United States industrialist and philanthropist who endowed education and public libraries and research trusts (1835-1919) | 28 | |
| 4918215531 | Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce | When the US govt attempted to remove them from the Oregon territory, violence broke out when Nez Perce warriors killed several white settlers without Chief Joseph's blessing | 29 | |
| 4918215532 | Henry Clay | United States politician responsible for the Missouri Compromise between free and slave states (1777-1852) | 30 | |
| 4918215533 | Civil Service Commission | created by Pendleton Act to oversee examinations for potential government employees | 31 | |
| 4918215534 | Coxey's Army | unemployed workers marched from ohio to wahsington to draw attention to the plight of workers and to ask for goverment relief | 32 | |
| 4918215535 | Eugene V. Debs | Leader of the American Railway Union, he voted to aid workers in the Pullman strike. He was jailed for six months for disobeying a court order after the strike was over. | 33 | |
| 4918215536 | Dorothea Dix | Rights activist on behalf of mentally ill patients - created first wave of US mental asylums | 34 | |
| 4918215537 | Stephen Douglas | Senator from Illinois, author of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Freeport Doctrine, argues in favor of popular sovereignty | 35 | |
| 4918215538 | Frederick Douglass | United States abolitionist who escaped from slavery and became an influential writer and lecturer in the North (1817-1895) | 36 | |
| 4918215539 | Thomas A. Edison | One of the most prolific inventors in U.S. history. He invented the phonograph, light bulb, electric battery, mimeograph and moving picture. | 37 | |
| 4918215540 | Emerson and Thoreau | Writers that inspired an American Renaissance in literature | 38 | |
| 4918215541 | Federalists | supporters of the constitution | 39 | |
| 4918215542 | First Continental Congress | September 1774, delegates from twelve colonies sent representatives to Philadelphia to discuss a response to the Intolerable Acts | 40 | |
| 4918215543 | Free-Soil Party | Formed in 1847 - 1848, dedicated to opposing slavery in newly acquired territories such as Oregon and ceded Mexican territory. | 41 | |
| 4918215544 | Robert Fulton | American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815) | 42 | |
| 4918215545 | James Garfield | 20th president, Republican, assassinated by Charles Julius Guiteau after a few months in office due to lack of patronage | 43 | |
| 4918215546 | Citizen Edmond Genêt | French government representative asking for assistance for the French Revolution. Sparked support for the French Revolution and led to the creation of the Democratic-Republican party | 44 | |
| 4918215547 | George III | King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1760 to 1820 | 45 | |
| 4918215548 | Samuel Gompers | United States labor leader (born in England) who was president of the American Federation of Labor from 1886 to 1924 (1850-1924) | 46 | |
| 4918215549 | The Grange movement | A group of agrarian organizations that worked to increase the political and economic power of farmers. They opposed corrupt business practices and monopolies, and supported relief for debtors. Although technically not a political party, local granges led to the creation of a number of political parties, which eventually joined with the growing labor movement to form the Progressive Party | 47 | |
| 4918215550 | Ulysses S. Grant | an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War. | 48 | |
| 4918215551 | Greenback Party | The party opposed the shift from paper money back to a specie-based monetary system because it believed that privately owned banks and corporations would then reacquire the power to define the value of products and labor. Conversely, they believed that government control of the monetary system would allow it to keep more currency in circulation, as it had in the war | 49 | |
| 4918215552 | Benjamin Harrison | 23rd President; Republican, poor leader, introduced the McKinley Tariff and increased federal spending to a billion dollars | 50 | |
| 4918215553 | William Henry Harrison | was an American military leader, politician, the ninth President of the United States, and the first President to die in office. His death created a brief constitutional crisis, but ultimately resolved many questions about presidential succession left unanswered by the Constitution until passage of the 25th Amendment. Led US forces in the Battle of Tippecanoe. | 51 | |
| 4918215554 | Rutherford B. Hayes | 19th president of the united states, was famous for being part of the Hayes-Tilden election in which electoral votes were contested in 4 states, most corrupt election in US history | 52 | |
| 4918215555 | William Randolph Hearst | United States newspaper publisher whose introduction of large headlines and sensational reporting changed American journalism (1863-1951) | 53 | |
| 4918215556 | Andrew Jackson | The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers. | 54 | |
| 4918215557 | Thomas Jefferson | Virginian, architect, author, governor, and president. Lived at Monticello. Wrote the Declaration of Independence. Second governor of Virgina. Third president of the United States. Designed the buildings of the University of Virginia. | 55 | |
| 4918215558 | Andrew Johnson | A Southerner form Tennessee, as V.P. when Lincoln was killed, he became president. He opposed radical Republicans who passed Reconstruction Acts over his veto. The first U.S. president to be impeached, he survived the Senate removal by only one vote. He was a very weak president. | 56 | |
| 4918215559 | Knights of Labor | Labor union founded by Uriah S. Stephens in 1869, that grew out of the collapse of the National Labor Union and was replaced by AF of L after a number of botched strikes | 57 | |
| 4918215560 | Know-Nothing Party | Group of prejudice people who formed a political party during the time when the KKK grew. Anti-Catholics and anti-foreign. They were also known as the American Party. | 58 | |
| 4918215561 | Ku Klux Klan | a secret society of white Southerners in the United States | 59 | |
| 4918215562 | Liberty Party | A former political party in the United States; formed in 1839 to oppose the practice of slavery; merged with the Free Soil Party in 1848 | 60 | |
| 4918215563 | Abraham Lincoln | 16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865) | 61 | |
| 4918215564 | Alfred Thayer Mahan | Navy officer whose ideas on naval warfare and the importance of sea-power changed how America viewed its navy | 62 | |
| 4918215565 | Horace Mann | United States educator who introduced reforms that significantly altered the system of public education (1796-1859) | 63 | |
| 4918215566 | John Marshall | created the precedent of judicial review; ruled on many early decisions that gave the federal government more power, especially the supreme court | 64 | |
| 4918215567 | William McKinley | 25th president responsible for Spanish-American War, Philippine-American War, and the Annexation of Hawaii, imperialism. Is assassinated by an anarchist | 65 | |
| 4918215568 | James Monroe | 5th president, begins expansionism including Florida and Missouri, as well as reigning over the Era of Good Feelings | 66 | |
| 4918215569 | Mormon Church | church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830 with headquarters in Salt Lake City, Utah | 67 | |
| 4918215570 | National Labor Union | organized in 1866 have about 600,000 members agitated for arbitration of disputes and an 8 hour workday | 68 | |
| 4918215571 | Thomas Paine | American Revolutionary leader and pamphleteer (born in England) who supported the American colonist's fight for independence and supported the French Revolution (1737-1809) | 69 | |
| 4918215572 | Franklin Pierce | an American politician and the fourteenth President of the United States. Pierce's popularity in the North declined sharply after he came out in favor of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, repealing the Missouri Compromise and reopening the question of the expansion of slavery in the West. | 70 | |
| 4918215573 | James Polk | president in March 1845. wanted to settle oregon boundary dispute with britain. wanted to aquire California. wanted to incorperate Texas into union. | 71 | |
| 4918215574 | Populist Party/Platform | The Populist Party Platform was co-opted. The party made a viable third party independant of the Democrats and Republicans | 72 | |
| 4918215575 | Terrence Powderly | American Labor Leader who led the knights of labor from 1879-1893 | 73 | |
| 4918215576 | Joseph Pulitzer | United States newspaper publisher (born in Hungary) who established the Pulitzer prizes (1847-1911) | 74 | |
| 4918215577 | Queen Liliuokalani | the Hawaiian queen who was forced out of power by a revolution started by American business interests | 75 | |
| 4918215578 | Radical Republicans | After the Civil War, a group that believed the South should be harshly punished and thought that Lincoln was sometimes too compassionate towards the South. | 76 | |
| 4918215579 | Republican Party | Political party that believed in the non-expansion of slavery and comprised of Whigs, Northern Democrats, and Free-Soilers, in defiance to the Slave Powers | 77 | |
| 4918215580 | Robber Barons | Refers to the industrialists or big business owners who gained huge profits by paying their employees extremely low wages. They also drove their competitors out of business by selling their products cheaper than it cost to produce it. Then when they controlled the market, they hiked prices high above original price. | 78 | |
| 4918215581 | Rough Riders | The First United States Volunteer Calvary, a mixure of Ivy League athletes and western frontiermen, volunteered to fight in the Spanish-American War. Enlisted by Theodore Roosevelt, they won many battles in Florida and enlisted in the invasion army of Cuba. | 79 | |
| 4918215582 | John D. Rockefeller | Was an American industrialist and philanthropist. Revolutionized the petroleum industry and defined the structure of modern philanthropy. | 80 | |
| 4918215583 | Second Continental Congress | They organized the continental Army, called on the colonies to send troops, selected George Washington to lead the army, and appointed the comittee to draft the Declaration of Independence | 81 | |
| 4918215584 | Seventh Day Adventist Church | a Protestant Christian denomination which is distinguished mainly by its observance of Saturday, the "seventh day" of the week, as the Sabbath; established in 1863 with Ellen G. White as one of its founders | 82 | |
| 4918215585 | Shakers | a celibate and communistic Christian sect in the United States | 83 | |
| 4918215586 | Sons of Liberty | A radical political organization formed after the passage of the Stamp Act to protest various British acts; organization used poth peaceful and violent means of protest | 84 | |
| 4918215587 | Elizabeth Cady Stanton | United States suffragist and feminist | 85 | |
| 4918215588 | Zachary Taylor | General that was a military leader in Mexican-American War and 12th president of the United States. Sent by president Polk to lead the American Army against Mexico at Rio Grande, but defeated. | 86 | |
| 4918215589 | Temperance societies | International social movement dedicated to the control of alcohol consumption through the promotion of moderation and abstinence. It began as a church-sponsored movement in the U.S. in the early 19th century. It attracted the efforts of many women, and by 1833 there were 6,000 local temperance societies in the U.S. | 87 | |
| 4918215590 | Frederick Jackson Turner | United States historian who stressed the role of the western frontier in American history (1861-1951) | 88 | |
| 4918215591 | Nat Turner | United States slave and insurrectionist who in 1831 led a rebellion of slaves in Virginia | 89 | |
| 4918215592 | "Boss" Tweed | William Tweed, head of Tammany Hall, NYC's powerful democratic political machine in 1868. Between 1868 and 1869 he led the Tweed Reign, a group of corrupt politicians in defrauding the city. Example: Responsible for the construction of the NY court house; actual construction cost $3million. Project cost tax payers $13million. | 90 | |
| 4918215593 | Martin Van Buren | Served as secretary of state during Andrew Jackson's first term, vice president during Jackson's second term, and won the presidency in 1836 | 91 | |
| 4918215594 | Booker T. Washington | African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality. | 92 | |
| 4918215595 | George Washington | Virginian, patriot, general, and president. Lived at Mount Vernon. Led the Revolutionary Army in the fight for independence. First President of the United States. | 93 | |
| 4918215596 | Daniel Webster | Senator who, originally pro-North, supported the Compromise of 1850 and subsequently lost favor from his constituency | 94 | |
| 4918215597 | Whig Party | An American political party formed in the 1830s to oppose President Andrew Jackson and the Democrats, stood for protective tariffs, national banking, and federal aid for internal improvements | 95 | |
| 4918215598 | Women's Christian Temperance Union | This organization was dedicated to the idea of the 18th Amendment - the Amendment that banned the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcohol. | 96 | |
| 4918215599 | Workingmen's Party | was the first Marxist-influenced political party in the United States.was formed in 1876, when a congress of socialists from around the United States met in Philadelphia in an attempt to unify their political power. Seven societies sent representatives. Represented socialistic ideas. | 97 | |
| 4918215600 | Yeomen | farmers who did not own slaves; made up majority of the population | 98 | |
| 4918215601 | Alliance for Progress | a program in which the United States tried to help Latin American countries overcome poverty and other problems | 99 | |
| 4918215602 | Ashcan School | a group of United States painters founded in 1907 and noted for their realistic depictions of sordid aspects of city life | 100 | |
| 4918215603 | Barack Obama | 44th U.S. President 2009-current Democratic | 101 | |
| 4918215604 | Black Panthers | a militant Black political party founded in 1965 to end political dominance by Whites | 102 | |
| 4918215605 | Bolsheviks | Led by Vladimir Lenin it was the Russian communist party that took over the Russian goverment during WWI | 103 | |
| 4918215606 | Bull Moose Party | nickname for the new Progressive Party, which was formed to support Roosevelt in the election of 1912 | 104 | |
| 4918215607 | Warren Burger | the Supreme Court justice durning the Nixon admistration. He was chosen by Nixon because of his strict interpretation of the Constitution. He presided over the extremly controversal case of abortion in Roe vs. Wade. | 105 | |
| 4918215608 | George H.W. Bush | republican, former director of CIA, oil company founder/owner, foreign policy (panama, gulf war), raised taxes eventhough said he wouldnt, more centrist than his son, NAFTA negotiation | 106 | |
| 4918215609 | George W. Bush | 1946 - 43rd president of the US who began a campaign toward energy self-sufficiency and against terrorism in 2001 | 107 | |
| 4918215610 | Jimmy Carter | President who stressed human rights. Because of the Soviet war in Afghanistan, he enacted an embargo on grain shipments to USSR and boycotted the 1980 Olympics in Moscow | 108 | |
| 4918215611 | Fidel Castro | Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba (born in 1927) | 109 | |
| 4918215612 | Chicago Seven | Originally the Chicago eight, the Chicago seven were seven people charged with inciting a riot and protesting during the 1968 Democratic National convention. | 110 | |
| 4918215613 | Bill Clinton | 42nd President advocated economic and healthcare reform; second president to be impeached | 111 | |
| 4918215614 | Committee to Reelect the President | an organization formed to run Nixon's 1972 reelection campaign, which was linked to the Watergate scandal. | 112 | |
| 4918215615 | Congress of Industrial Organizations | a federation of North American industrial unions that merged with the American Federation of Labor in 1955 | 113 | |
| 4918215616 | Congress of Racial Equality | an organization founded by James Leonard Farmer in 1942 to work for racial equality | 114 | |
| 4918215617 | Calvin Coolidge | elected Vice President and succeeded as 30th President of the United States when Harding died in 1923 (1872-1933) | 115 | |
| 4918215618 | Dwight D. Eisenhower | leader of the Allied forces in Europe during WW2--leader of troops in Africa and commander in DDay invasion-elected president-president during integration of Little Rock Central High School | 116 | |
| 4918215619 | Archduke Ferdinand | heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne, was assassinated in Sarajevo, started World War I. | 117 | |
| 4918215620 | F. Scott Fitzgerald | writer of "This Side of Paradise" and "The Great Gatsby" who coined the term "Jazz Age" | 118 | |
| 4918215621 | "Flappers" | Young women of the 1920s that behaved and dressed in a radical fashion | 119 | |
| 4918215622 | Gerald Ford | president 1974-77, Nixon's Vice president, only person not voted into the White House, appointed vice president by Nixon: became president after Nixon resigned | 120 | |
| 4918215623 | Henry Ford | United States manufacturer of automobiles who pioneered mass production (1863-1947) | 121 | |
| 4918215624 | Free Speech Movement, Berkeley | In 1964, a group of the disgruntled youth of the 1960s gathered at UC Berkeley for one of the first organized protests against established authority. Skepticism against authority arose from racism, poverty, and the Vietnam War. | 122 | |
| 4918215625 | Betty Friedan | United States feminist who founded a national organization for women (born in 1921) | 123 | |
| 4918215626 | Marcus Garvey | Many poor urban blacks turned to him. He was head of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and he urged black economic cooperation and founded a chain of UNIA grocery stores and other business | 124 | |
| 4918215627 | Al Gore | vice president of the United States under Bill Clinton (born in 1948) | 125 | |
| 4918215628 | Warren G. Harding | president who called for a return to normalcy following WWI | 126 | |
| 4918215629 | Ernest Hemingway | an American writer of fiction who won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1954 (1899-1961) | 127 | |
| 4918215630 | Alger Hiss | A former State Department official who was accused of being a Communist spy and was convicted of perjury. The case was prosecuted by Richard Nixon. | 128 | |
| 4918215631 | Adolf Hitler | German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945) | 129 | |
| 4918215632 | Ho Chi Minh | Vietnamese communist statesman who fought the Japanese in World War II and the French until 1954 and South vietnam until 1975 (1890-1969) | 130 | |
| 4918215633 | House Un-American Activities Committee | an investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives. In 1969, the House changed the committee's name to "House Committee on Internal Security".When the House abolished the committee in 1975, its functions were transferred to the House Judiciary Committee | 131 | |
| 4918215634 | Saddam Hussein | Iraqi leader who waged war against Iran | 132 | |
| 4918215635 | International Workers of the World | 1905 - Also known as IWW or Wobblies - created in opposition to American Federation of Labor | 133 | |
| 4918215636 | Lyndon Johnson | signed the civil rights act of 1964 into law and the voting rights act of 1965. he had a war on poverty in his agenda. in an attempt to win, he set a few goals, including the great society, the economic opportunity act, and other programs that provided food stamps and welfare to needy famillies. he also created a department of housing and urban development. his most important legislation was probably medicare and medicaid. | 134 | |
| 4918215637 | John F. Kennedy | president during part of the cold war and especially during the superpower rivalry and the cuban missile crisis. he was the president who went on tv and told the public about hte crisis and allowed the leader of the soviet uinon to withdraw their missiles. other events, which were during his terms was the building of the berlin wall, the space race, and early events of the Vietnamese war. | 135 | |
| 4918215638 | Robert Kennedy | He was a Democrat who ran for president in 1968 promoting civil rights and other equality based ideals. He was ultimately assassinated in 1968, leaving Nixon to take the presidency but instilling hope in many Americans. | 136 | |
| 4918215639 | Martin Luther King Jr. | U.S. Baptist minister and civil rights leader. A noted orator, he opposed discrimination against blacks by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass demonstrations. He was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. Nobel Peace Prize (1964) | 137 | |
| 4918215640 | Henry Kissinger | United States diplomat who served under President Nixon and President Ford (born in 1923) | 138 | |
| 4918215641 | Nikita Kruschev | emerged as a leader in the Soviet Union after the death of dictator Josef Stalin. In 1956, he advocated reform and indirectly criticized Stalin and his methods. He became the Premier of the Soviet Union from 1958 to 1974. | 139 | |
| 4918215642 | Monica Lewinsky | 1990s; had affair with Clinton who denied it under oath, but there was physical evidence; he was impeached for perjury and his resulting political battles kept him from being productive in his final term paving way for the seemingly moral Bush in 2000 | 140 | |
| 4918215643 | Sinclair Lewis | United States novelist who satirized middle-class America in his novel Main Street (1885-1951) | 141 | |
| 4918215644 | Charles Lindbergh | United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974) | 142 | |
| 4918215645 | Henry Cabot Lodge | Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he was a leader in the fight against participation in the League of Nations | 143 | |
| 4918215646 | General Douglas MacArthur | commander of the US forces in the Philippine Islands who directed the Allied occupation of Japan | 144 | |
| 4918215647 | Thurgood Marshall | American civil rights lawyer, first black justice on the Supreme Court of the United States. Marshall was a tireless advocate for the rights of minorities and the poor. | 145 | |
| 4918215648 | Joseph McCarthy | United States politician who unscrupulously accused many citizens of being Communists (1908-1957) | 146 | |
| 4918215649 | James Meredith | United States civil rights leader whose college registration caused riots in traditionally segregated Mississippi (born in 1933) | 147 | |
| 4918215650 | Slobodan Milosevic | President of Serbia from 1989 to 1997 and of Yugoslavia 1997 to 2000. A key figure in the ethnic conflicts in the Balkans in the 1900's. | 148 | |
| 4918215651 | Muckrakers | This term applies to newspaper reporters and other writers who pointed out the social problems of the era of big business. The term was first given to them by Theodore Roosevelt. | 149 | |
| 4918215652 | Benito Mussolini | Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943). He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935), joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy. (p. 786) | 150 | |
| 4918215653 | NAACP | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 to work for racial equality | 151 | |
| 4918215654 | NASA | an independent agency of the United States government responsible for aviation and spaceflight | 152 | |
| 4918215655 | National Municipal League | Organization founded in Philadelphia to bring about more honest and efficient government | 153 | |
| 4918215656 | National Organization for Women | Founded in 1966, the National Organization for Women (NOW) called for equal employment opportunity and equal pay for women. NOW also championed the legalization of abortion and passage of an equal rights amendment to the Constitution. | 154 | |
| 4918215657 | National Woman's Suffrage Association | Organization formed in May 1890 as a unification of the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) and the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA). It continued the work of both associations by becoming the parent organization of hundreds of smaller local and state groups, and by helping to pass woman suffrage legislation at the state and local level | 155 | |
| 4918215658 | New Left | new political movement of the late 1960s that called for radical changes to fight poverty and racism | 156 | |
| 4918215659 | New Right | opposed ERA, focused on social, cultural, and moral problems, opposed gevernment paying for daycare | 157 | |
| 4918215660 | Richard Nixon | President of the United States from 1969 to 1974 who followed a foreign policy marked by détente with the Soviet Union and by the opening of diplomatic relations with China. In the face of likely impeachment for the Watergate scandal, he resigned. | 158 | |
| 4918215661 | North Atlantic Treaty Organization | an international organization created in 1949 by the North Atlantic Treaty for purposes of collective security | 159 | |
| 4918215662 | Sandra Day O'Connor | She was a laywer and later Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. She was the first woman to be a justice on the Supreme Court. | 160 | |
| 4918215663 | Organization of American States | an association of countries in the western hemisphere | 161 | |
| 4918215664 | Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries | an economic organization consisting primarily of Arab nations that controls the price of oil and the amount of oil its members produce and sell to other nations. | 162 | |
| 4918215665 | Progressive | a person who favors a political philosophy of progress and reform and the protection of civil liberties | 163 | |
| 4918215666 | Ronald Reagan | first elected president in 1980 and elected again in 1984. He ran on a campaign based on the common man and "populist" ideas. He served as governor of California from 1966-1974, and he participated in the McCarthy Communist scare. Iran released hostages on his Inauguration Day in 1980. While president, he developed Reagannomics, the trickle down effect of government incentives. He cut out many welfare and public works programs. He used the Strategic Defense Initiative to avoid conflict. His meetings with Gorbachev were the first steps to ending the Cold War. He was also responsible for the Iran-contra Affair which bought hostages with guns. | 164 | |
| 4918215667 | William Rehnquist | United States jurist who served as an associate justice on the United States Supreme Court from 1972 until 1986, when he was appointed chief justice (born in 1924) | 165 | |
| 4918215668 | Jacob Riis | Early 1900's muckraker who exposed social and political evils in the U.S. with his novel "How The Other Half Lives"; exposed the poor conditions of the poor tenements in NYC and Hell's Kitchen | 166 | |
| 4918215669 | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | the 32nd president of the United States. He was president from 1933 until his death in 1945 during both the Great Depression and World War II. He is the only president to have been elected 4 times, a feat no longer permissible due to the 22nd Amendment to the Constitution. | 167 | |
| 4918215670 | Theodore Roosevelt | 26th President of the United States; hero of the Spanish-American War; Panama Canal was built during his administration; said 'Speak softly but carry a big stick' (1858-1919) | 168 | |
| 4918215671 | Ethel and Julius Rosenberg | were American communists who were executed after having been found guilty of conspiracy to commit espionage. The charges were in relation to the passing of information about the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union. Theirs was the first execution of civilians for espionage in United States history | 169 | |
| 4918215672 | Sacco and Vanzetti | were two italian born american laborers and anarchists who were tired convicted and executed via electrocution on Aug 3 1927 in Ma for the 1920 armed robbery. it is believed they had nothing to do with the crime | 170 | |
| 4918215673 | Margaret Sanger | United States nurse who campaigned for birth control and planned parenthood | 171 | |
| 4918215674 | Upton Sinclair | United States writer whose novels argued for social reform (1878-1968) | 172 | |
| 4918215675 | Southeast Asia Treaty Organization | (DDE), A regional defense pact pulled together by Dulles to prevent the "fall" to communism of South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. | 173 | |
| 4918215676 | Southern Christian Leadership Conference | An organization founded by MLK Jr., to direct the crusade against segregation. Its weapon was passive resistance that stressed nonviolence and love, and its tactic direct, though peaceful, confrontation. | 174 | |
| 4918215677 | Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee | Involved in the American Civil Rights Movement formed by students whose purpose was coordinate a nonviolent attack on segregation and other forms of racism. | 175 | |
| 4918215678 | Students for a Democratic Society | Founded in 1962, the SDS was a popular college student organization that protested shortcomings in American life, notably racial injustice and the Vietnam War. It led thousands of campus protests before it split apart at the end of the 1960s. | 176 | |
| 4918215679 | William Howard Taft | 27th President of the United States and later chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1857-1930) | 177 | |
| 4918215680 | Hideki Tojo | This general was premier of Japan during World War II while this man was dictator of the country. He gave his approval for the attack on Pearl Harbor and played a major role in Japan's military decisions until he resigned in 1944 | 178 | |
| 4918215681 | Harry S. Truman | The 33rd U.S. president, who succeeded Franklin D. Roosevelt upon Roosevelt's death in April 1945. Truman, who led the country through the last few months of World War II, is best known for making the controversial decision to use two atomic bombs against Japan in August 1945. After the war, Truman was crucial in the implementation of the Marshall Plan, which greatly accelerated Western Europe's economic recovery. | 179 | |
| 4918215682 | United Nations | an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security | 180 | |
| 4918215683 | The Urban League | An interracial organization committed to integration, it relied on tools of negotiation, persuasion, education, and investigation to accomplish its economic and social goals. | 181 | |
| 4918215684 | Earl Warren | United States jurist who served as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1891-1974) | 182 | |
| 4918215685 | Woodrow Wilson | 28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize | 183 | |
| 4918215686 | Women's Trade Union League | a U.S. organization of both working class and more well-off women formed in 1903 to support the efforts of women to organize labor unions and to eliminate sweatshop conditions | 184 | |
| 4918215687 | The Wright Brothers | In 1903 Wilbur and Orville Wright tested a gas-powered airplane at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. ON the first flight, the plane flew 120 feet in twelve seconds. They made four flights that day, the longest lasting 59 seconds. No one was particularly interested in these flights for no one could find any uses for it. Finally, by 1920s the airplane effectively made travel and trade easier and was widely recognized. | 185 | |
| 4918215688 | Malcolm X | 1952; renamed himself X to signify the loss of his African heritage; converted to Nation of Islam in jail in the 50s, became Black Muslims' most dynamic street orator and recruiter; his beliefs were the basis of a lot of the Black Power movement built on seperationist and nationalist impulsesto achieve true independence and equality | 186 | |
| 4924040636 | Patrick Henry | Virginia lawyer and politician Patrick Henry (1736-1799) was one of the leading figures of the American Revolutionary period. An outspoken opponent of the Stamp and Townshend Acts levied by England, he stirred the seeds of discord with his famous Give Me Liberty Or Give Me Death speech to the Virginia Assembly in 1775. | 187 | |
| 4924056534 | Samuel Adams | He was a second cousin of U.S. President John Adams, with whom he urged a final break from Great Britain, and a signee of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. Adams died on October 2, 1803, in Boston. | 188 | |
| 4925119944 | John Dickinson | 189 |
