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AP US History Period 1 and 2 Flashcards

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14806540170Columbian ExchangeTrade of goods/viruses/people from New to Old World0
14806540171Pueblo Revolt (Pope's Rebellion)Native American revolt against the Spanish in late 17th century; expelled the Spanish for a period of 12 years; Spain began to take an accommodating approach to Natives after the revolt1
14806540172EnlightenmentA movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions.2
14806540173Abolitionthe action or an act of abolishing a system, practice, or institution.3
14806540174Protestant EvangelismChristianity based on emotionalism and spirituality. It was part of the First Great Awakening. Evangelism was a reaction to the Enlightenment priority of rationalism over emotionalism and spirituality. Led by George Whitefield.4
14806540175Old LightsConservative clergymen who were against the emotional approach of the Great Awakening5
14806540176Encomienda SystemA system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of Indians; it was a disguised form of slavery. This was done under the guise of converting them to the Catholic religion.6
14806540177Social ContractAn agreement between the people and their government signifying their consent to be governed7
14806540178A Model of Christian Charitygiven by John Winthrop in 1630 stating that Puritan Massachusetts would be a place for others to look up to as they followed religious principals in all areas of their life.8
14806540179Definition of homogeneousof the same kind, alike9
14806540180Type of Government in Puritan MassachusettsTheocracy10
14806540181New LightsClergymen who defended the Great Awakening for reinvigorating American religion11
14806540182Mercantilisman economic system in which nations seek to increase their wealth and power by maximizing the exports, and minimizing the imports, of a nation.12
14806540183Impact of Columbian Exchange on Europepotatoes and maize led to large population growth, increase in capitalism13
14806540184Impact of Columbian Exchange on Americas90% of Natives died due to diseases, horse impacted travel and trade, pigs destroyed crops14
14806540185Joint Stock CompanyPeople in Britain pool money for colonization Ex: VA company settling Jamestown in 160715
14806540186Bartolome de Las CasasDominican priest who spoke out against mistreatment of Native Americans16
14806540187Three Sisterscorn, beans, squash17
14806540188French and Indian War (1754-1763)British and French conflict over territory in the American northeast.. They fought for control of the Ohio River Valley; colonists joined Britain in hopes of moving west if they won.18
14806540189Juan SepulvedaBelieved natives were savages; thought Spanish were in the right giving natives civilization19
14806540190Sir Walter RaleighSettles Roanoke which becomes the Lost Colony in 158720
14806540191JamestownSettled in 1607 by VA company Led by Capt. John Smith who declared "he who shall not work shall not eat"21
14806540192PowhatansIndians that live near Jamestown and supply them with food Once they stop the Virginians die of starvation22
14806540193John RolfeStarts tobacco as a cash crop (the first one) and marries Pocahontas23
14806540194Indentured ServitudeLucrative way to get Brits over to US by paying for journey but making them indentured servants for 7 years Had high death rate and only 50% made it to end of terms24
14806540195Headright systemGave away free land to rich people who paid for the passage of indentured servant25
14806540196House of BurgessesVirginian democratic tradition with an elected house that used power of the purse on the Governor26
14806540197PuritanismThe belief of purifying the Anglican church from catholic practices27
14806540198SeparatistsWanted to separate from Church of England and landed in Plymouth in 1620. More radical form of Puritanism.28
14806540199Mayflower CompactSigned by the Pilgrims on the ship that gave consent of the governed (not God), assemblies, and a legal code (1620)29
14806540200Massachusetts Bay ColonyFounded by Puritans (non-separatists) in 1629 Saw themselves as the "city upon a hill" and believed they have a contract with God Had a protestant work ethic30
14806540201John WinthropFirst gov/founder of the Mass. Bay Colony31
14806540202Roger WilliamsBelieved that church and state should be separate and was exiled to RI32
14806540203Anne HutchinsonBelieved that the ticket to salvation was faith and a merciful god, not obeying moral authority and good deeds Was exiled from Mass. Bay33
14806540204Dominion of New England(1686) Brits combined NH, RI, MA, CT under the command of Gov. Andros. The colonists revolted in 1692 and drove out the governor34
14806540205Salem Witch Trials(1692) A hysterical reaction of the Dominion of New England or Halfway Covenant35
14806540206Fundamental Orders (America's first Constitution)The first sort of constitution of the colonies in Connecticut (1639)36
14806540207MarylandFounded by Lord Baltimore as a gift from the King and a haven for catholics37
14806540208Act of TolerationTo appeal Maryland to more people they allow all christian faiths (1649)38
14806540209Metacom/King Philip's WarEnded the native presence in the colonies (1676)39
14806540210Pequot WarNative American Conflict - took place in Massachusetts - fought against the Puritains40
14806540211Anne HutchinsonAmerican colonist (born in England) who was banished from Boston for her religious views and founded Portsmouth, RI41
14806540212Leader of the Dominion of New EnglandSir Edmund Andros42
14806540213Slaves in ColoniesCome over in 1619 on Middle Passage of Triangular Trade Generally worked on plantations in the South growing cash crops such as indigo, cotton, tobacco, and rice Some worked in north in houses Only worked for the rich43
14806540214Salutary NeglectAn English policy of not strictly enforcing laws in its colonies44
14806540215New England ConfederationThe first major attempt at consolidation among colonists45
14806540216Bacon's Rebellion(1676) Nathaniel Bacon wants William Berkley (governor) to let him start a militia to fight the Indians to get more land for new settlers in the west Berkley says no and Bacon starts a rebellion against him Bacon dies and his rebellion doesn't end up all that successful but it is the first populist uprising in America46
14806540217William BerkelyColonial gov. of VA during Bacon's Rebellion47
14806540218New England Economyfocuses on trade ports (Boston) and has only subsistence farming. Has a puritan work ethic.48
14806540219Chesapeake EconomyMajor crop is tobacco.49
14806540220The Chesapeake Bay Colonies were:Virginia and Maryland50
14806540221Middle Colonies Economythe Bread Basket colonies, they have lots of grain and are more diverse than NE. Also have port cities (NY)51
14806540222Southern Economy (lower south)Has a stronger hierarchy and cash crops of cotton, rice, and indigo.52
14806540223GeorgiaThe colony that acted as a "buffer" between the Spanish in Florida and the remaining colonies to the North.53
14806540224William Penn/PennsylvaniaHe received land from the King of England to begin his Quaker "holy experiment" in America...they were pacifists and had good relations with Native Americans.54
14806540225Two-House Legislature, Male Voting, Mayflower Compact, Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, and Town Hall MeetingsThese are the 4 main forms of democracy that were formed in the New England colonies.55
14806540226Why was Pennsylvania founded?Religious freedom for Quakers & anyone being religiously persecuted - could worship as they pleased56
14806540227Anglicizationthe process used to describe the people, institutions, and churches, as well as the traditions and theological concepts developed by the Church of England57
14806540228Education in the ColoniesPuritan New England stressed education more. Needed Bible reading. education flourished in New England. Elementary schools in middle and south. Most emphasis placed on religion. 1750- trend towards live languages and modern subjects.58
14806563038African chattel slaveryalso called traditional slavery, is so named because people are treated as the chattel (personal property) of the owner and are bought and sold as commodities. Typically, under the chattel slave system, slave status was imposed on children of the enslaved at birth.59
14806589214ChesapeakeThe region of Virginia and Maryland. In contrast to New England, this region was distinguished by indentured servants, cash crops, and African slavery.60
14806594222PlymouthColony settled by the Pilgrims. It eventually merged with Massachusetts Bay colony. (1620)61
14806603303PilgrimsEnglish Puritans who founded Plymouth colony in 162062
14806609949"model of christian charity"John Winthrop, 1630. When talking about the Puritans in the Plymouth colony.63
14807100865Puritan Impact on New EnglandSet the pace of development. Brought the "Great Migration".64
14810357335Maizecorn65
14810360845Triangular TradeA three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa66
14810371693QuakersEnglish dissenters who broke from Church of England, preach a doctrine of pacificism, inner divinity, and social equity, under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania67
14812050277William PennFounder of Pennsylvania and a quaker.68
14819480072Great AwakeningReligious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established.69
14819489810George WhitefieldCredited with starting the Great Awakening, also a leader of the "New Lights."70
14819498626Protestant EvangelicalismA strain of protestantism that stresses the preaching of the gospel of Jesus Christ, personal conversion experiences, Scripture as the sole basis for faith, and active evangelism (the winning of personal commitments to Christ).71
14819507685MerchantilismThe belief that money equals power, sell more than buy, more export than import72
14819531310Navigation ActsActs passed in 1660 by British parliament to increase colonial dependence on Great Britain for trade; limited goods that were exported to colonies; caused great resentment in American colonies.73
14819542368Atlantic WorldInteractions among the peoples/empires bordering the Atlantic Ocean rim from the 1450s on74
14819592214Bacon's Rebellion (1676)Rebellion of discontent former landless servants led by Nathaniel Bacon. *Historical Significance:* Led to a move from indentured servants to African slaves for labor purposes.75
14819604182Metacom's War (King Philip's War)Period of bloody conflict between Wampanoag Indians and Puritan settlers in New England (1675-1676); an example of Indian resistance to English expansion in North America.76
14819607193Pueblo RevoltNative American revolt against the Spanish in late 17th century; expelled the Spanish for over 10 years; Spain began to take an accommodating approach to Natives after the revolt77
14819615078joint-stock companyA business, often backed by a government charter, that sold shares to individuals to raise money for its trading enterprises and to spread the risks (and profits) among many investors.78
14819625728MestizoA person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry.79
14819683369hunter-gatherer economiesa type of economy based solely upon the method of hunting and gathering with no form of agricultural farming. Nomads traveled where the food was (aka animals and wild plant seasons) to collect and hunt80
14819692862Agricultural Economiesan economy based on farming in permanent fields with heavy investment of labor, water, storage facilities, and other resources, and usually including domesticated food and fiber crops and draft animals81
14819725524American Indians- West-many cultural and tribal groups -2/3 of western tribal groups lived on the Great Plains -skillful horse riders -life was centralized on hunting buffalo82
14819729569American Indians- Southwest-Permanent homes (some lived in the side of mountains) -Farmed (CORN) -Hunted sometimes -Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Texas, Utah, and (northern) Mexico83
14819830247American Indians- Northeast-Application Mountains -Farmed; corn, squash, and beans ("three sisters") -Began the tradition of mound building -Lived in longhouses84
14819879134American Indians- Southeast-Stretching down the Mississippi River and into the area surrounding the Gulf of Mexico -Known as Mississippian peoples -Excellent farmers -Great trade point because of Miss. River85
14819926985American Indians- Plains-East coast and Rocky Mountains -Climate supported limited farming -Planted three sisters -First to harvest plants for medical purposes -Hunting became more dominant because of drought in 1300s -Horses didn't arrive until 1519 w/ Spanish explorers -Created the teepee because they were more nomadic. -Plant in spring, hunt in summer, harvest in fall, hunt in winter -Had trade routes on Miss. River -Rituals often revolved around the sun and nature, Earth is mother of all spirits.86
14820012461FeudalismA system of government based on landowners and tenants87
14820022823CapitalismAn economic system based on private ownership of capital88

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