Important vocabulary of the colonization of North America in the 17th century.
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| 5880911269 | Jamestown | 1st permanent English settlement in North America in 1607. |  | 0 |
| 5880911270 | John Smith | A captain famous for world travel. As a young man, he took control in Jamestown. He organized the colony and saved many people from death the next winter and coined the phrase "he who shall not work, shall not eat". He also initiated attacks on Natives. |  | 1 |
| 5880911272 | Pocohontas | An American Indian princess who saved the life of John Smith and helped form more peaceful relations with the Powhatan when she married John Rolfe but died of smallpox in England on a visit to Rolfe's family. Her remains are still there as the English government refuses to send her remains back to North America. |  | 2 |
| 5880911273 | Mayflower Compact | 1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony |  | 3 |
| 5880911274 | John Winthrop | As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, Winthrop (1588-1649) was instrumental in forming the colony's government and shaping its legislative policy. He envisioned the colony, centered in present-day Boston, as a "city upon a hill" from which Puritans would spread religious righteousness throughout the world. |  | 4 |
| 5880911275 | Puritans | A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay. |  | 5 |
| 5880911276 | Pilgrims | English Puritans who founded Plymouth colony in 1620 |  | 6 |
| 5880911285 | Indentured servants | Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years |  | 7 |
| 5880911286 | Bacon's Rebellion | 1676 - Nathaniel Bacon and other western Virginia settlers were angry at Virginia Governor Berkley for trying to appease the Doeg Indians after the Doegs attacked the western settlements. The frontiersmen formed an army, with Bacon as its leader, which defeated the Indians and then marched on Jamestown and burned the city. The rebellion ended suddenly when Bacon died of an illness. |  | 8 |
| 5880911287 | King Phillip's War | Under the leadership of Metacom, or King Phillip, the Wampanoag destroyed colonial towns, the colonists destroyed native farms, leading to the most deadly of Indian Wars. The war was disastrous for the natives leading to few surviving the war, and those that did left New England. |  | 9 |
| 5880911292 | Roger Williams | A dissenter who clashed with the Massachusetts Puritans over separation of church and state and was banished in 1636, after which he founded the colony of Rhode Island to the south. |  | 10 |
| 5880911303 | Acts of Trade and Navigation | Three acts that regulated colonial trade: 1st act: closed the colonies to all trade except that from English ships, and required the colonists to export certain goods, such as tobacco, to only English territories, 2nd act: (1663) demanded that everything being shipped from Europe to the colonies had to pass through England so they could tax the goods. 3rd act: 1673, was a reaction to the general disregard of the first two laws; it forced duties on the coastal trade among the colonies and supplied customs officials to enforce the Navigation Acts. |  | 11 |
| 5880911304 | Mercantilism | An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought. |  | 12 |
| 5880911305 | Triangular Slave Trade | A practice, primarily during the eighteenth century, in which European ships transported slaves from Africa to Caribbean islands, molasses from the Caribbean to Europe, and trade goods from Europe to Africa. |  | 13 |
| 5880911306 | Middle Passage | A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies. The conditions on the ships from Africa to the west led to the loss of hundreds of thousands of lives. |  | 14 |
| 5880911309 | Great Awakening | (1730s and 1740s) Religious movement characterized by emotional preaching (Jonathan Edwards & George Whitefield). It established American religious precedents such as camp meetings, revivals, and a "born again" philosophy. The first cultural movement to unite the thirteen colonies. It was associated with the democratization of religion, and a challenge to existing authorities and was an influence leading to the American Revolution. |  | 15 |
| 5880911313 | French & Indian War | 1754 - 1763; conflict between France and Great Britain over land in North America in the Ohio River Valley. |  | 16 |
| 5880911318 | Albany Plan of Union, 1754 | Plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin that sought to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; the plan was turned down by the colonies & the Crown. |  | 17 |
| 5880955645 | Capitalism vs. Mercantilism | Capitalism evolved from mercantilism and while both economic systems are geared towards profit, these systems have differences in the way this is achieved. Capitalism is an economic system that works around the concept of wealth creation in the pursuit of economic growth for the nation while mercantilism focuses on wealth accumulation through extraction of wealth which they believe is measured by the amount of gold bullions that the nation has in its possession. Wealth extraction efforts are augmented by colonization to gain more wealth. Read more: Difference Between Capitalism and Mercantilism | Difference Between http://www.differencebetween.net/business/difference-between-capitalism-and-mercantilism/#ixzz4VlrW5myS | 18 | |
| 5880960278 | French Fur Trade | French were heavily involved in the fur trade (mostly beaver) for the export back to Europe. Traded metal items with Indian trappers for beaver pelts | 19 | |
| 5880969243 | Glorious Revolution | Fear of Catholic tyranny. 1688-1689 replaced the reigning king, James II, with the joint monarchy of his protestant daughter Mary and her Dutch husband, William of Orange. It was the keystone of the Whig (those opposed to a Catholic succession) history of Britain. | 20 | |
| 5881043422 | Shay's Rebellion | The influx of imported goods that came with the wars and created an economic depression that hit hardest the poor Shays rebellion took place in Massachusetts, named for one of its leaders, Daniel Shays Participants called themselves regulators Farmers began petitioning the state legislature for relief from economic hardships brought on by significant tax increases from the Revolutionary war debts Legislature blamed the farmers In response to riots, a riot act passed prohibiting 12 or more armed persons from gathering an authorized sheriffs to kill those who disobey the law Wanted to overthrow the state government, attacked the federal arsenal, plan failed because of miscommunication | 21 | |
| 5881058553 | Republican Motherhood | is a 20th-century term for an attitude toward women's roles present in the emerging United States before, during, and after the American Revolution (c. 1654 to 1920). It centered on the belief that the patriots' daughters should be raised to uphold the ideals of republicanism, in order to pass on republican values to the next generation. | 22 | |
| 5881062193 | First Continental Congress | was a meeting of delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies that met on September 5 to October 26, 1774 at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, early in the American Revolution. | 23 | |
| 5881063404 | Federalists | Supported a strong central government, advocated the ratification of the new constitution; included Alexander Hamilton, Madison | 24 | |
| 5881071442 | Antifederalists | Opposed a strong central government, skeptical about undemocratic tendencies in the Constitution, insisted on Bill of Rights; included Thomas Jefferson and James Monroe | 25 | |
| 5881076716 | First Bank of U.S. | Proposed by Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton at the First Congress, for the most part supported by the north and critiqued by the south | 26 | |
| 5881079298 | Election of 1800 | Election in which Vice President Thomas Jefferson defeated President John Adams, realigning the rule of the Democratic-Republican party and fostering the fall of the Federalists | 27 | |
| 5881084562 | George Washington | Congress adopts the Bill of Rights in 1789 and establishes an army. The Bill of Rights ratified 1791. Congress passes the 11th Amendment, Whiskey Rebellion | 28 | |
| 5881088839 | French Revolution | Began in 1789 with some nonviolent restrictions on the king, but became more hostile in 1792 when France declared war on Austria. Seeking help from America, the French pointed to the Franco-American alliance of 1778. Not wanting to get involved for fear of damage to the trade business, Washington gave the Neutrality Proclamation, which made America neutral. This led to arguments between Americans and French. After fighting with the French over such things as the Jay Treaty, the Americans came to peace with France in 1800. | 29 | |
| 5881095620 | Hamiltonian Federalism vs. Jeffersonian Republicanism | Strong Central Government The root of Hamilton Federalism was a strong central government. To him, the Constitution was a charter binding the states to create a stable union. This stability depended, in this perspective, on the national government possessing more power than the individual states. His first plan was to create a national debt, largely by assuming the debt of the states. Doing so would provide the national government with a strong credit record, he believed. He also wanted to charter a Bank of the United States to make loans to manufacturers and other commercial enterprises. Manufacturing Empire Hamilton and the Federalists wanted the young nation to become a manufacturing empire to sustain economic growth. Hamilton called for tariffs, or taxes placed on foreign goods to raise the price, to encourage manufacturing and make American produced goods more affordable. This British model of economic growth rankled Jefferson who saw the potential for America becoming a nation of urban dwellers. Yeoman Farmers Jefferson abhorred the idea of America becoming an urban, manufacturing nation, something that could happen rapidly under the Hamiltonian vision. Instead, he believed rural individualism, symbolized by the yeoman farmer, was the best way to sustain a republic. Small yeoman farmers were the exemplars of American virtue, he claimed. Having spent time in Europe, Jefferson witnessed the disease, poverty and filth of many cities and did not want America taking a similar course. Moreover, people who worked for others, rather than being self-sufficient farmers, were susceptible to pressure from bosses to vote a certain way. This lack of political independence threatened American democracy, according to Jefferson. Revolution of 1800 The disagreement over the best course for America culminated in what Jefferson called the Revolution of 1800. Jefferson, representative of the Democratic-Republicans, defeated the Federalists leading to the first turnover of political power to the opposition in American history. Democratic-Republicans would control the Executive branch and most of the federal government from 1801 to 1829. | 30 |
