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| 7597577606 | Seven Years' (French and Indian) War | fought between the colonies of British America and New France, with both sides supported by military units from their parent countries of Great Britain and France, as well as Native American allies |  | 0 |
| 7597577607 | "No Taxation Without Representation." | a reflection of the resentment of American colonists at being taxed by a British Parliament to which they elected no representatives and became an anti-British slogan before the American Revolution |  | 1 |
| 7597577608 | Enlightenment | a philosophical movement including ideas centered on reason as the primary source of authority and legitimacy; ideals such as liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutional governmentand ending the perceived abuses of the church and state |  | 2 |
| 7597577609 | Benjamin Franklin | One of the founding fathers, famous for presence in the American Enlightenment. earned the title of "The First American" for his early and indefatigable campaigning for colonial unity, initially as an author and spokesman in London for several colonies. |  | 3 |
| 7597577610 | The Patriot Movement | Movement or push toward independence in the colonies. Those that supported colonial independence were referred to as "Patriots" while those that were loyal to the British crown were called "Loyalists." |  | 4 |
| 7597577611 | Colonial Militias | Groups of able-bodied colonialist men without proper military training that banded together to revolt against British tyrannny. |  | 5 |
| 7597577612 | The Continental Army | formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies, created to coordinate the military efforts of the Thirteen Colonies in their revolt against the rule of Great Britain. Commanded by General George Washington (Commander-in-Chief) |  | 6 |
| 7597577613 | George Washington | General, Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution. Later named the first President of the United States. |  | 7 |
| 7597577614 | Thomas Paine's Common Sense | A 1776 pamphlet that challenged the authority of the British government and the royal monarchy. Used plain language to appeal to the average colonist. First work to ask for independence outright. |  | 8 |
| 7597577615 | The Declaration of Independence | an announcement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776, that the 13 American colonies, then at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain, regarded themselves as an independent sovereign nation |  | 9 |
| 7597577616 | Republican Motherhood | the idea that women were considered a custodians of civic virtue responsible for upholding the morality of her husband and children. Though this idea emphasized the separation of women's and men's roles, it did weight heavily the influence of the mother on the family and advocated for this influence to be taken seriously. |  | 10 |
| 7597577617 | Legislative Branch | The branch of government tasked with writing laws. |  | 11 |
| 7597577618 | Judicial Branch | The branch of government tasked with interpreting laws. | | 12 |
| 7597577619 | Executive Branch | The branch of government tasked with enforcing laws. | | 13 |
| 7597577620 | The Articles of Confederation | The 1st constitution of United States of America. Drafted by a committee appointed by the Second Continental Congress, ratified in late 1777. Later replaced by the Constitution of the United States of America. |  | 14 |
| 7597577621 | Constitutional Convention | Took place from May 25 to September 17, 1787, in Philadelphia. had a stated intention of revising the Articles of Confederation, although many meant to create a new government rather than fix the existing one. |  | 15 |
| 7597577622 | Federalism | a system of government in which entities such as states or provinces share power with a national government. |  | 16 |
| 7597577623 | Separation of Powers | Inspired by Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws, the idea of a constitutional government with three separate branches of government. Each of the three branches would have defined abilities to check the powers of the other branches. |  | 17 |
| 7597577624 | The Federalist Papers | a collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution. |  | 18 |
| 7597577625 | Alexander Hamilton | Founder of the Federalist Party, Co-author of The Federalist Papers, First Secretary of the Treasury, supporter of loose construction |  | 19 |
| 7597577626 | James Madison | Co-Author of the Federalist Papers, hailed as "the Father of the Constitution," Fourth President of the United States, supporter of strict construction |  | 20 |
| 7597577627 | Bill of Rights | the collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution with specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights, clear limitations on the government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically delegated to Congress by the Constitution are reserved for the states or the people. |  | 21 |
| 7597577628 | Democratic-Republican Party | formed by Thomas Jefferson and others who believed in an agrarian-based, decentralized,democratic government. The party was established to oppose the Federalists who had supported and pushed through the ratification of the US Constitution. |  | 22 |
| 7597577629 | National Identity | one's identity or sense of belonging to one state or to one nation. It is the sense of a nation as a cohesive whole, as represented by distinctive traditions, culture, language and politics. |  | 23 |
| 7597577630 | The Northwest Ordinance | created the Northwest Territory, the first organized territory of the United States, from lands beyond the Appalachian Mountains, between British North America and the Great Lakes to the north and the Ohio River to the south.established the process of westward expansion & statehood, putting the federal government in charge. |  | 24 |
| 7597577631 | French Revolution | Social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799, and was partially carried forward by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire. Overthrew the monarchy, established a republic, experienced violent periods of political turmoil, and finally culminated in a dictatorship under Napoleon that rapidly brought many of its principles to Western Europe and beyond. |  | 25 |
| 7597577632 | Popular Sovereignty | the principle that the authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives (Rule by the People), who are the source of all political power. |  | 26 |
| 7597577633 | Public Virtue | Sacrificing one's self-interest for the public good. |  | 27 |
| 7597577634 | insurrection | Rebellion against political authority. |  | 28 |
| 7597577635 | mercantilism | The economic theory that all parts of an economy should be coordinated for the good of the whole state; hence, that colonial economics should be subordinated for the benefit of an empire. |  | 29 |
| 7597577637 | protective tariffs | Taxes places on imported goods, often to raise prices and thus protect domestic producers. |  | 30 |
| 7597577638 | admiralty courts | In British law, special administrative courts designed to handle maritime cases without a jury. |  | 31 |
| 7597577639 | virtual representation | The political theory that a class of persons is represented in a lawmaking body without direct vote. |  | 32 |
| 7597577640 | nonimportation agreement | A pledge to boycott, or decline to purchase, certain goods from abroad. |  | 33 |
| 7597577643 | boycott | An organized refusal to deal with some person, organization, or product. |  | 34 |
| 7597577656 | privateer | A private vessel temporarily authorized to capture or plunder enemy ships in wartime. |  | 35 |
| 7597577657 | disestablish | To separate an official state church from its connection with the government. |  | 36 |
| 7597577660 | ratification | The confirmation or validation of an act (such as the constitution) by authoritative approval. |  | 37 |
| 7597577661 | aliens | Foreigners; also, persons resident in but not citizens of a country. |  | 38 |
| 7597577662 | township | in America, a surveyed territory six miles square; the term also refers to a unit of social government, smaller than a country that is often based on these survey units. |  | 39 |
| 7597577663 | territory | In America, government an organized political entity not yet enjoying full equal terms of a state. | | 40 |
| 7597577664 | annex | To make a smaller territory or political unit part of a larger one. |  | 41 |
| 7597577667 | bicameral | Referring to a legislative body with two houses |  | 42 |
| 7597577668 | census | An official count of population; in the United States, the federal census occurs every ten years. |  | 43 |
| 7597577669 | public debt | The debt of a government or nation to individual creditors, also called the national debt. |  | 44 |
| 7597577670 | cabinet | The body of official advisers to the head of a government; in the United States, it consists of the heads of the major executive departments. |  | 45 |
| 7597577672 | excise | A tax on the manufacture, sale, or consumption of certain domestic products. |  | 46 |
| 7597577675 | impressment | To force people or property into public service without choice. |  | 47 |
| 7597577678 | compact theory | The belief that the states created the federal government at the consitutional convention and therefore have the power to nullify federal law. |  | 48 |
| 7597577679 | nullification | In American politics, the assertion that a state may legally invalidate a federal act deemed inconsistent with its rights or sovereignty. |  | 49 |
