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| 5276846987 | Seven Years' (French and Indian) War | fought between the colonies of British America and New France, with both sides supported by military units from their parent countries of Great Britain and France, as well as Native American allies | 0 | |
| 5276846988 | "No Taxation Without Representation." | a phrase, generally attributed to James Otis about 1761, that reflected the resentment of American colonists at being taxed by a British Parliament to which they elected no representatives and became an anti-British slogan before the American Revolution; in full, "Taxation without representation is tyranny.". | 1 | |
| 5276846989 | The Patriot Movement | Movement or push toward independence in the colonies. Those that supported colonial independence were referred to as "Patriots" while those that were loyal to the British crown were called "Loyalists." | 2 | |
| 5276846990 | Colonial Militias | Groups of able-bodied colonialist men without proper military training that banded together to revolt against British tyrannny. | 3 | |
| 5276846991 | Common Sense | Pamphlet that challenged the authority of the British government and the royal monarchy. Used plain language to appeal to the average colonist. First work to ask for independence outright. | 4 | |
| 5276846992 | The Declaration of Independence | the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting atPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies,[2] then at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain, regarded themselves as thirteen newly independent sovereign states, and no longer under British rule. | 5 | |
| 5276846993 | The Articles of Confederation | An agreement among all thirteen original states in the United States of America that served as its first constitution. Drafted by a committee appointed by the Second Continental Congress, ratified in late 1777. Later replaced by the Constitution of the United States of America. | 6 | |
| 5276846994 | The Federalist Papers | a collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution. | 7 | |
| 5276846995 | Bill of Rights | the collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution that provide guarantees of personal freedoms and rights and clear limitations on the government's power. | 8 | |
| 5276846996 | The Northwest Ordinance | Legislation passed by Congress under the Articles of Confederation that provided a process for admission of new states to the Union and outlawed the expansion of slavery into territories governed by the Ordinance. | 9 | |
| 5276846997 | Popular Sovereignty | the principle that the authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the consent of its people | 10 | |
| 5276846999 | virtual representation | The political theory that a class of persons is represented in a lawmaking body without direct vote. Parliament represented all British subjects even those who had never voted for a member of Parliament. | 11 | |
| 5276847000 | nonimportation agreement | A pledge to boycott, or decline to purchase, certain goods from abroad. | 12 | |
| 5276847001 | boycott | An organized refusal to deal with some person, organization, or product. | 13 | |
| 5276847005 | Anarchy | The theory that formal government is unnecessary and wrong in principle; the term is also used generally for lawlessness or anti-governmental disorder. | 14 | |
| 5276847006 | cabinet | The body of official advisers to the head of a government; in the United States, it consists of the heads of the major executive departments. | 15 | |
| 5276847007 | nullification | In American politics, the assertion that a state may legally invalidate a federal act deemed inconsistent with its rights or sovereignty. | 16 | |
| 5276847009 | Internal taxation | taxes on personal goods and property | 17 | |
| 5276847010 | External taxation | taxes applied to imports into the colonies. The merchant importing the good paid the tax. | 18 | |
| 5276847011 | Sons of Liberty | A radical political organization formed after the passage of the Stamp Act to protest various British acts; organization used both peaceful and violent means of protest | 19 | |
| 5276847012 | Navigation Acts | Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. T | 20 | |
| 5276847013 | Sugar Act | placed a tax on sugar, molasses, and other products shipped to the colonies | 21 | |
| 5276847014 | Quartering Act | Required the colonials to provide food, lodging, and supplies for the British troops in the colonies. | 22 | |
| 5276847015 | Stamp Act | law that taxed printed goods, including: playing cards, documents, newspapers, etc. | 23 | |
| 5276847016 | Declaratory Act | Act passed in 1766 after the repeal of the stamp act; stated that Parliament had authority over the the colonies and the right to tax and pass legislation "in all cases whatsoever." | 24 | |
| 5276847017 | Townshend Acts | A tax that the British Parliament placed on leads, glass, paint and tea that was imported into the colonies | 25 | |
| 5276847018 | Admiralty Courts | British courts originally established to try cases involving smuggling or violations of the Navigation Acts which the British government sometimes used to try American criminals in the colonies. Trials were heard by judges without a jury. | 26 | |
| 5276847019 | Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts) | in response to Boston Tea Party, 4 acts passed in 1774, Port of Boston closed, reduced power of assemblies in colonies, permitted royal officers to be tried elsewhere, provided for quartering of troop's in barns and empty houses - meant to punish Massachusetts for the destruction of shiploads of tea. | 27 | |
| 5276847020 | Loyalist | An American colonist who supported the British in the American Revolution. | 28 | |
| 5276847021 | Hessians | German soldiers hired by George III to smash Colonial rebellion, proved good in mechanical sense but they were more concerned about money than duty. | 29 | |
| 5276847022 | Mercenaries | professional soldiers who fight for anyone who will pay them. | 30 | |
| 5276847025 | Republicanism | A philosophy of limited government with elected representatives serving at the will of the people. The government is based on consent of the governed. | 31 | |
| 5276847026 | Great Compromise | Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature (Senate) and representation based on population in the other house (House of Representatives) | 32 | |
| 5276847027 | Confederation | an alliance of independent states | 33 | |
| 5276847028 | Three Fifths Compromise | Compromise between northern and southern states at the Constitutional Convention as to how the slave population would be counted for determining direct taxation and representation in the House of Representatives. | 34 | |
| 5276847029 | Anti-federalist | A group who opposed the ratification of the Constitution in 1787. They opposed a strong central government but supported more states' rights. | 35 | |
| 5276847030 | Shay's Rebellion | Attacks on courthouses by a group of farmers to block foreclosure proceedings | 36 | |
| 5276847031 | Federalist | Supporters of ratification of the Constitution and of a strong central government. | 37 | |
| 5276847032 | Implied powers | Powers not specifically mentioned in the constitution | 38 | |
| 5276847033 | Whiskey Rebellion | Farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey; the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion; showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem | 39 | |
| 5276847034 | Jeffersonian Republicans | favored a weak central government, strong state governments. opposed a national bank and protective tariffs. | 40 | |
| 5276847035 | Judiciary Act of 1789 | established a Supreme Court and district courts | 41 | |
| 5276847036 | Alien and Sedition Acts | A series of laws that sought to restrict the activities of people who opposed Federalist policies | 42 | |
| 5276847037 | Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions | these maintained that the Alien and Sedition Acts passed by Congress went beyond the powers that the Constitution stated belonged to the federal government. | 43 | |
| 5276882526 | Republican Motherhood | The idea that the primary political role of American women was to instill a sense of patriotic duty and republican virtue in their children and mold them into exemplary republican citizens. | 44 | |
| 5276904444 | Report on Manufactures | A proposal by treasury secretary Alexander Hamilton in 1791 calling for the federal government to urge the expansion of American manufacturing while imposing tariffs on foreign imports. | 45 | |
| 5276910414 | Report on the Public Credit | Alexander Hamilton's 1790 report recommending that the federal government should assume all state debts and fund the national debt - that is , offer interest on it rather than repaying it - at full value. Hamilton's goal was to make the new country creditworthy, not debt-free. | 46 | |
| 5276922720 | Battle of Saratoga | A multistage battle in New York ending with the surrender of British general John Burgoyne. The victory ensured the diplomatic success of American representatives in Paris, who won a military alliance with France. | 47 | |
| 5276935868 | Battle of Yorktown (1781) | A battle in which French and American troops and a French fleet trapped the British army under the command of General Charles Cornwallis at Yorktown, Virginia. This lead to the eventual surrender of the British. | 48 | |
| 5276945619 | Bank of the United States | A bank chartered in 1790 and jointly owned by private stockholders and the national government. Alexander Hamilton argued that the bank would provide stability to the American economy by making loans to merchants, handling government funds, and issuing bills of credit. | 49 | |
| 5276979972 | Companionate Marriage | A marriage based on the republican values of equality and mutual respect. Although husbands in these marriages still retained significant legal power, they increasingly came to see their wives as lvoing partners rather than as inferiors or dependents. | 50 | |
| 5276990869 | Continental Congress | September 1774 gathering of colonial delegates in Philadelphia to discuss the crisis precipitated by the Coercive Acts. The Congress produced a declaration of rights and an agreement to impose a limited boycott of trade with Britain. | 51 | |
| 5277356874 | Jay's Treaty | A 1795 treaty between the U.S. and Britain. The treaty accepted Britain's right to stop neutral ships. In return, it allowed Americans to submit claims for illegal seizures and required the British to remove their troops and Indian agents from the Northwest Territory. | 52 | |
| 5277368936 | Pickney's Treaty | A 1795 treaty between the U.S. and Spain. Spain agreed to a boundary with the U.S. at the 31st parallel and opened the Mississippi to American shipping with the right to dock in the port of New Orleans. | 53 |
