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AP US History Period 3 (1754-1800) Flashcards

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7923701730Seven Years' (French and Indian) WarFought between the colonies of British America and New France, with both sides supported by military units from their parent countries of Great Britain and France, as well as Native American allies0
7923701731"No Taxation Without Representation."a reflection of the resentment of American colonists at being taxed by a British Parliament to which they elected no representatives and became an anti-British slogan before the American Revolution1
7923701732Enlightenmenta philosophical movement including ideas centered on reason as the primary source of authority and legitimacy; ideals such as liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutional governmentand ending the perceived abuses of the church and state2
7923701733Benjamin FranklinOne of the founding fathers, famous for presence in the American Enlightenment. earned the title of "The First American" for his early and indefatigable campaigning for colonial unity, initially as an author and spokesman in London for several colonies.3
7923701734The Patriot MovementMovement or push toward independence in the colonies. Those that supported colonial independence were referred to as "Patriots" while those that were loyal to the British crown were called "Loyalists."4
7923701735Colonial MilitiasGroups of able-bodied colonialist men without proper military training that banded together to revolt against British tyrannny.5
7923701736The Continental Armyformed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies, created to coordinate the military efforts of the Thirteen Colonies in their revolt against the rule of Great Britain. Commanded by General George Washington (Commander-in-Chief)6
7923701737George WashingtonGeneral, Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution. Later named the first President of the United States.7
7923701738Thomas Paine's Common SenseA 1776 pamphlet that challenged the authority of the British government and the royal monarchy. Used plain language to appeal to the average colonist. First work to ask for independence outright.8
7923701739The Declaration of Independencean announcement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776, that the 13 American colonies, then at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain, regarded themselves as an independent sovereign nation9
7923701740Republican Motherhoodthe idea that women were considered a custodians of civic virtue responsible for upholding the morality of her husband and children. Though this idea emphasized the separation of women's and men's roles, it did weight heavily the influence of the mother on the family and advocated for this influence to be taken seriously.10
7923701741Legislative BranchThe branch of government tasked with writing laws.11
7923701742Judicial BranchThe branch of government tasked with interpreting laws.12
7923701743Executive BranchThe branch of government tasked with enforcing laws.13
7923701744The Articles of ConfederationThe 1st constitution of United States of America. Drafted by a committee appointed by the Second Continental Congress, ratified in late 1777. Later replaced by the Constitution of the United States of America.14
7923701745Constitutional ConventionTook place from May 25 to September 17, 1787, in Philadelphia. had a stated intention of revising the Articles of Confederation, although many meant to create a new government rather than fix the existing one.15
7923701746Federalisma system of government in which entities such as states or provinces share power with a national government.16
7923701747Separation of PowersInspired by Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws, the idea of a constitutional government with three separate branches of government. Each of the three branches would have defined abilities to check the powers of the other branches.17
7923701748The Federalist Papersa collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution.18
7923701749Alexander HamiltonFounder of the Federalist Party, Co-author of The Federalist Papers, First Secretary of the Treasury, supporter of loose construction19
7923701750James MadisonCo-Author of the Federalist Papers, hailed as "the Father of the Constitution," Fourth President of the United States, supporter of strict construction20
7923701751Bill of Rightsthe collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution with specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights, clear limitations on the government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically delegated to Congress by the Constitution are reserved for the states or the people.21
7923701752Democratic-Republican Partyformed by Thomas Jefferson and others who believed in an agrarian-based, decentralized,democratic government. The party was established to oppose the Federalists who had supported and pushed through the ratification of the US Constitution.22
7923701753National Identityone's identity or sense of belonging to one state or to one nation. It is the sense of a nation as a cohesive whole, as represented by distinctive traditions, culture, language and politics.23
7923701754The Northwest Ordinancecreated the Northwest Territory, the first organized territory of the United States, from lands beyond the Appalachian Mountains, between British North America and the Great Lakes to the north and the Ohio River to the south.established the process of westward expansion & statehood, putting the federal government in charge.24
7923701755Popular Sovereigntythe principle that the authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives (Rule by the People), who are the source of all political power.25
7923701756Public VirtueSacrificing one's self-interest for the public good.26
7923701757mercantilismThe economic theory that all parts of an economy should be coordinated for the good of the whole state; hence, that colonial economics should be subordinated for the benefit of an empire.27
7923701758protective tariffsTaxes places on imported goods, often to raise prices and thus protect domestic producers.28
7923701759virtual representationThe political theory that a class of persons is represented in a lawmaking body without direct vote.29
7923701760nonimportation agreementA pledge to boycott, or decline to purchase, certain goods from abroad.30
7923701761boycottAn organized refusal to deal with some person, organization, or product.31
7923701762ratificationThe confirmation or validation of an act (such as the constitution) by authoritative approval.32
7923701763territoryIn America, government an organized political entity not yet enjoying full equal terms of a state.33
7923701764bicameralReferring to a legislative body with two houses34
7923701765public debtThe debt of a government or nation to individual creditors, also called the national debt.35
7923701766cabinetThe body of official advisers to the head of a government; in the United States, it consists of the heads of the major executive departments.36
7923701767impressmentTo force people or property into public service without choice.37
7923701768nullificationIn American politics, the assertion that a state may legally invalidate a federal act deemed inconsistent with its rights or sovereignty.38

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