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| 1790238504 | French and Indian War | (1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won. | 0 | |
| 1790238505 | Treaty of Paris, 1763 | This treaty was signed by Great Britain, France, and Spain with Portugal in agreement. Together with the treaty of Hubertusburg, it terminated the Seven Years War, (French and Indian War). | 1 | |
| 1790238506 | Pontiac's Rebellion | (1763) An Indian uprising after the French and Indian War, led by an Ottowa chief named Pontiac. They opposed British expansion into the western Ohio Valley and began destroying British forts in the area. The attacks ended when Pontiac was killed. | 2 | |
| 1790238507 | Proclamation of 1763 | A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalacian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east. | 3 | |
| 1790238508 | Iroquois Confederation | Bound together five tribes for protection- the Mohawks, the Oneidas, the Onodogas, the Cayugas, and the Senecas- in the Mohawk Valley of what is now New York State. | 4 | |
| 1790238509 | Joseph Brant | A Mohawk chief and influential leader of the Iroquois tribes. Brant was one of the many Native American leaders who advocated an alliance with Britain against the Americans in the Revolutionary War. He and other tribal leaders hoped an alliance with the British might provide protection from land-hungry American settlers. | 5 | |
| 1790238510 | Little Turtle | Chief of the Miami who led a Native American alliance that raided U.S. settlements in the Northwest Territory. He was defeated and forced to sign the Treaty of Greenville. Later, he became an advocate for peace | 6 | |
| 1790238511 | Western Confederacy | An alliance of Norwest Indian tribes who opposed American expansion into the Northwest Territory after the American Revolution. Miami, Shawnee, Delaware and Ottawa | 7 | |
| 1790238512 | Little Turtle's War | The Indians did not want settlers to move into the Northwest Territory. Native Americans formed the Western Confederacy with the goal of keeping the Ohio River as a boundary between Indian lands and the United States. The war which followed has become known by historians as the Northwest Indian War, but it was once known as "Little Turtle's War". | 8 | |
| 1790238513 | British War Debts | The British taxed Americans to pay the debts of the French and Indian War. | 9 | |
| 1790238514 | George Grenville | Became prime minister of Britain in 1763 he persuaded the Parliament to pass a law allowing smugglers to be sent to vice-admiralty courts which were run by British officers and had no jury. He did this to end smuggling. | 10 | |
| 1790238515 | End of Salutary Neglect | After the French and Indian war, British thought that they should no longer use this apathetic policy of leaving the colonies alone and instead exercise tighter control as exemplified by the Proc. Of 1763, the Currency Act, the Sugar Act, etc. | 11 | |
| 1790238516 | Stamp Act | (1765) The law that taxed printed goods, including: playing cards, documents, newspapers, etc. | 12 | |
| 1790238517 | Declaratory Act | (1766) Stated that the British Parliament had the same power to tax in the colonies as it did in Great Britain. Parliament emphasized its authority to make binding laws on the American colonies. | 13 | |
| 1790238518 | Townshend Duties | Popular name for the Revenue Act of 1767 which taxed glass, lead, paint, paper and tea entering the colonies | 14 | |
| 1790238519 | Tea Act | (1773) The act which eliminated import tariffs on tea entering England and allowed the British East India Company to sell directly to consumers rather than through colonial merchants. Led to the Boston Tea Party. | 15 | |
| 1790238520 | Intolerable Acts | (1774) A series of punitive measures passed in retaliation for the Boston Tea Party, closing the port of Boston, revoking a number of rights in the Massachusetts colonial charter, and expanding the Quartering Act to allow for the lodging of soldiers in private homes. In response, colonists convened the First Continental Congress and called for a complete boycott of British goods | 16 | |
| 1790238521 | Vice Admiralty courts | These were British courts that tried violants of the Navigation Acts. The defendants were not entitled to a jury and were guilty until proven innocent. | 17 | |
| 1790238522 | Sons of Liberty | A radical political organization for colonial independence which formed in 1765 after the passage of the Stamp Act. They incited riots and burned the customs houses where the stamped British paper was kept. After the repeal of the Stamp Act, many of the local chapters formed the Committees of Correspondence which continued to promote opposition to British policies towards the colonies. The Sons leaders included Samuel Adams and Paul Revere. | 18 | |
| 1790238523 | Boycotts | The effective form of organized colonial resistance against the Stamp Act, which made homespun clothing fashionable | 19 | |
| 1790238524 | Nonimportation Agreements | Agreements not to import goods from Great Britain. They were designed to put pressure on the British economy and force the repeal of unpopular parliamentary acts. | 20 | |
| 1790238525 | Stamp Act Congress | A meeting of delegates from many of the colonies, the congress was formed to protest the newly passed Stamp Act It adopted a declaration of rights as well as sent letters of complaints to the king and parliament, and it showed signs of colonial unity and organized resistance. | 21 | |
| 1790238526 | Boston Tea Party | (1773) A protest against British taxes in which Boston colonists disguised as Mohawks dumped valuable tea into Boston Harbor. | 22 | |
| 1790238527 | Committees of Correspondence | A network of communicaiton set up in Massachusetts and Virginia to inform other colonies of ways that Britain threatened colonial rights | 23 | |
| 1790238528 | Daughters of Liberty | (1773) This organization supported the boycott of British goods. They urged Americans to wear homemade fabrics and produce other goods that were previously available only from Britain. They believed that way, the American colonies would become economically independent. | 24 | |
| 1790238529 | Sam Adams | A Massachusetts politician who was a radical fighter for colonial independence. Helped organize the Sons of Liberty and the Non-Importation Commission, which protested the Townshend Acts, and is believed to have lead the Boston Tea Party. He served in the Continental Congress throughout the Revolution, and served as Governor of Massachusetts from 1794-1797. | 25 | |
| 1790238530 | John Hancock | "King of the Smugglers." A wealthy Boston merchant who defied the mercantilist system and the Navigation Acts. He was one of the leaders of the Sons of Liberty. He was a leader in the plot to store gunpowder in Lexington and Concord. He was the President of the Continental Congress at the time of the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and was the first to sign the Declaration. He signed it really big and made the comment, "So Fat George in London can read it without his spectacles!" | 26 | |
| 1790238531 | Mercy Otis Warren | (1728 - 1814) An American writer and playwright. She was known as the "Conscience of the American Revolution". Mercy Otis was America's first female playwright, having written anti-British and anti-Loyalist propaganda plays from 1772 to 1775, and was the first woman to create a Jeffersonian (anti-Federalist) interpretation of the Revolution. | 27 | |
| 1790238532 | Patrick Henry | A leader of the American Revolution and a famous orator who spoke out against British rule of the American colonies. He said "Give me liberty or give me death!" | 28 | |
| 1790238533 | Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania | Written in response to the Townshend Acts by John Dickinson, this discourse asserted the idea that "no taxation without representation" was an essential part of English government, and that Parliament had no right to impose duties on British colonies. | 29 | |
| 1790238534 | No Taxation Without Representation | This slogan reflected the colonists' belief that they should not be taxed because they had no direct representatives in Parliament | 30 | |
| 1790238535 | Lexington and Concord | The first battle of the Revolution in which British general Thomas Gage went after the stockpiled weapons of the colonists in Concord, Massachusetts. The first shot fired was"The Shot Heard Round the World". | 31 | |
| 1790238536 | Second Continental Congress | The assembly of twelve delegates that met in Philadelphia to express their growing dissatisfaction with King George and his lack of response to the Declaration of Rights | 32 | |
| 1790238537 | Olive Branch Petition | A document sent by the Second Continental Congress to King George III, proposing a reconciliation between the colonies and Britain | 33 | |
| 1790238538 | George Washington | (1732-1799) no political party. Virginian who began as a commander and chief in the Revolutionary war. Had no desire to become president but the people wanted a strong national leader. Set prescient for many things, including the two terms rule. Warned US against being involved in foreign politics. | 34 | |
| 1790238539 | Crossing the Delaware | 25 December 1776 Washington secretly led his troops across the Delaware River to launch a surprise attack on the Hessian troops guarding Trenton and took most of them prisoner. | 35 | |
| 1790238540 | Valley Forge | The site of the Continental Army's camp during the winter of 1777-1778. Poorly housed, dressed, and fed, many died from cold and starvation. | 36 | |
| 1790238541 | Saratoga | (1777) A battle that took place in New York where the Continental Army defeated the British. It proved to be the turning point of the war. This battle ultimately persuaded France to openly support the colonies with military forces in addition to the supplies and money already being sent. | 37 | |
| 1790238542 | Benjamin Franklin | American intellectual, inventor, and politician. He helped to negotiate French support for the American Revolution. | 38 | |
| 1790238543 | the Marquis de Lafayette | French officer who helped the Americans in the Revolution, brought French troops to help at the Battle of Yorktown | 39 | |
| 1790238544 | Franco-American Alliance | France agreed to fund the American effort and send troops. | 40 | |
| 1790238545 | Lord Cornwallis | British General who surrendered his troops at Yorktown, effectively ending the war. | 41 | |
| 1790238546 | Yorktown | (20 October 1781) It, in Yorktown, Virginia, was an American victory that ended the Revolutionary War. Under the command of George Washington, the Americans along with French Regiments beat Cornwallis and his British troops. | 42 | |
| 1790238547 | Neutrality Proclamation | (1793) A statement by President Washington that the United States would not support or aid either France or Britain in their European conflict | 43 | |
| 1790238548 | Jay Treaty (Britain and U.S.) | Agreement during the Early Republic where the British would evacuate U.S. soil and pay for ship damages, the U.S. would continue to pay the debts owed to British merchants. The U.S. did not compensate all fleeing Loyalists. | 44 | |
| 1790238549 | Pinckney Treaty | (1795) Treaty between the U.S. and Spain which gave the U.S. the right to transport goods on the Mississippi river and to store goods in the Spanish port of New Orleans | 45 | |
| 1790238550 | French Revolution | (1789-1799) Period of political and social upheaval in France, during which the French government underwent structural changes, and adopted ideals based on Enlightenment principles of nationalism, citizenship, and inalienable rights. Changes were accompanied by violent turmoil and executions. | 46 | |
| 1790238551 | Citizen Genet | A French diplomat who came to the U.S. 1793 to ask the American government to send money and troops to aid the revolutionaries in the French Revolution. President Washington asked France to recall him after he began recruiting men and arming ships in U.S. ports. However, Washington later relented and allowed him U.S. citizenship upon learning that the new French government planned to arrest him. | 47 | |
| 1790238552 | Federalists (pro-British) | They were generally pro-British, favored the interests of commerce and manufacturing over agriculture, and wanted the new government to be developed on a sound financial basis. | 48 | |
| 1790238553 | Democratic Republicans | Believed in Pro-French policies; rule by the people; free trade; State Banks; strict interpretation of the Constitution (strong state governments). Usuallu in the South and West, (rural areas) | 49 | |
| 1790238554 | Federalists | Citizens who were in favor of ratifying the Constitution, they wanted a strong national government. (usually in the North, particularly New England) | 50 | |
| 1790238555 | Election of 1796 | The person with the most electoral votes, John Adams, became President and the person with the second most electoral votes, Thomas Jefferson, became Vice President. A problem from this situation was that Adams and Jefferson belonged to different political parties, so political tensions were strong in the Executive Branch. | 51 | |
| 1790238556 | XYZ Affair | (1797) An incident in which French agents attempted to get bribe and loans from U.S. diplomats in exchange for an agreement that French privateers would no longer attack American ships | 52 | |
| 1790238557 | Alien and Sedition Acts | (1798) Act that criminalized speech that was derisive to the government. Later ruled unconstitutional, Andrew Jackson issued blanket pardon in 1801 | 53 | |
| 1790238558 | Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional. | 54 | |
| 1790238559 | 3/5 Compromise | A compromise between Southern and Northern states reached during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 in which three-fifths of the population of slaves would be counted for enumeration purposes regarding both the distribution of taxes and the apportionment of the members of the United States House of Representatives. | 55 | |
| 1790238560 | Declaration of Man and Citizen | Document of the French Revolution that states the basic rights. | 56 | |
| 1790238561 | Haitian Revolution | Toussaint l'Ouverture led this uprising, which in 1790 resulted in the successful overthrow of French colonial rule on this Caribbean island. The only successful slave rebellion in history. The U.S. was reluctant to give full support to this republic led by former slaves. | 57 | |
| 1790238562 | Mexican Revolution | (began in1810) Creoles and Peninsulas rose up to overthrow Spanish rule. | 58 | |
| 1790238563 | March of the Paxton Boys | (1764) Lead by the Scots-Irish, it protested the Quaker oligarchy's lenient policy towards the Indians. Many participants evetually joined the embattled American Revolutionists | 59 | |
| 1790238564 | Battle of Fallen Timbers | (1794) The U.S. Army defeated the Native Americans under Shawnee Chief Blue Jacket and ended Native American hopes of keeping their land that lay north of the Ohio River | 60 | |
| 1790238565 | Treaty of Greenville | (1795) Drawn up after the Battle of Fallen Timbers. The 12 local Indian tribes gave the Americans the Ohio Valley territory in exchange for a reservation and $10,000. | 61 | |
| 1790238566 | Scots-Irish Immigrants | Scottish Presbyterians who emigrated Ireland in search of religious freedom and nonrestricted soil | 62 | |
| 1790238567 | The "Back Country" | An area full of Scots-Irish (Appalachian mountains to Mississippi River), everything east of the Proclamation Line of 1763. | 63 | |
| 1790238568 | Shays' Rebellion | (1786-1787) Rebellion of debtors and small farmers in western Massachusetts led by Daniel Shays. Exposed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and convinced many people to support a stronger national government. | 64 | |
| 1790238569 | Whiskey Rebellion | (1794) A protest of small farmers in Pennsylvania against new taxes on whiskey | 65 | |
| 1790238570 | California Mission System | Missions built in Spanish America to colonize and "civilize" natives. | 66 | |
| 1790238571 | Peons/Peonage System | Workers forced to labor for a landlord in order to pay off debt | 67 | |
| 1790238572 | Vaqueros | Indian and Mexican cowhands who worked on the ranches | 68 | |
| 1790238573 | Land Ordinance of 1785 | Under the Articles of Confederation, it forbade congress from raising revenue by direct taxation of US citizens. The immediate goal of the ordinance was to raise money through the sale of land in the largely unmapped territory west of the original colonies. | 69 | |
| 1790238574 | Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | (1787) It is considered one of the most significant achievements of the Articles of Confederation. It established a system for setting up governments in the western territories so they could eventually join the Union on an equal footing with the original 13 states. | 70 | |
| 1790238575 | Public Education | Paid for with revenue from the Land Ordinance of 1785 | 71 | |
| 1790238576 | Admission of New States | A NW territory would be divided into smaller territories. When the population of those territories reached 60,000, they could draft a constitution and apply for statehood | 72 | |
| 1790238577 | Constitutional Status of Native Americans | unclear | 73 | |
| 1790238578 | Right of Deposit | Granted by Spain to America so that Americnas could transfer cargo in New Orleans without paying duties to the Spanish government | 74 | |
| 1790238579 | Sectionalism | Different parts of the country developing unique and separate cultures (as the North, South and West). This can lead to conflict. | 75 | |
| 1790238580 | Regional Economics | The North and the South developed different economic systems that led to the political differences between the regions. | 76 | |
| 1790238581 | Republican Motherhood | The idea that American women had a special responsibility to cultivate "civic virtue" in their children | 77 |
