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| 6633614119 | Hartford Convention, 1814 | Meeting of Federalists during the War of 1812 discuss strategy to gain more power in government; viewed as unpatriotic by many; as a result, the Federalist Party was no longer a significant force in American politics |  | 0 |
| 6633614120 | Era of Good Feelings | Term used to describe the time period after the 2nd Party System in the United States after the Federalist Party fell from the national stage, leaving only the Democratic Party; associated with the presidency of James Monroe |  | 1 |
| 6633614122 | Whig Party | Political Party created in 1834 as a coalition of anti-Jackson political leaders and dedicated to internal improvements funded by the national government |  | 2 |
| 6633614125 | Nullification Crisis (1832-1833) | After SC declared the federal tariff null and void, President Jackson obtained a Force Bill to use military actions against SC; ended with a compromise to lower tariffs over an extended time; overall significance was the challenge of states to ignore federal law (later on with laws regarding slavery). |  | 3 |
| 6633614126 | John C. Calhoun | South Carolina political leader who defended slavery as a positive good and advocated the doctrine of nullification, a policy in which state could nullify federal law. |  | 4 |
| 6633614129 | Judicial Review | The power of the Supreme Court to review the constitutionality of laws passed by Congress |  | 5 |
| 6633614132 | Panic of 1819 | Financial panic that began when the Second Bank of the US tightened credit and recalled government loans after the price of cotton dropped |  | 6 |
| 6633614134 | Tariff of 1816 | First protective tariff in US history; designed primarily to help America's textile industry |  | 7 |
| 6633614135 | Tariff of Abominations 1828 | Tariff with such high rates that it set off tension between northerners and southerners over tariff issues (called the Nullification Crisis) |  | 8 |
| 6633614136 | Panic of 1837 | Economic collapse caused primarily by President Jackson's destruction of the Second Bank of the United States |  | 9 |
| 6633614143 | Utopian Communities | Idealistic reform movement based on the belief that a perfect society could be created on Earth; significant Utopian experiments were established at New Harmony, Indiana, Brook Farm, Massachusetts and the Oneida Community in New York |  | 10 |
| 6633614144 | American Colonization Society (established 1817) | Organization established to end slavery gradually by helping individual slave owners liberate their slaves and then transport the freed slaves to Africa (Liberia) |  | 11 |
| 6633614145 | William Lloyd Garrison | Radical abolitionist in Massachusetts who published the liberator, an antislavery newspaper |  | 12 |
| 6633614147 | Hudson River School 1825-1875 | The first native school of painting in the US; painted primarily landscapes; themes included deep nationalism, grandeur of nature, and transcendentalism |  | 13 |
| 6633614148 | Transcendentalism | Philosophical and literary movement that believed God existed within human being and nature; believed intuition was the highest source of knowledge; advocated for introspection by surrounding oneself with nature |  | 14 |
| 6633614149 | Ralph Waldo Emerson | Philosopher, writer, and poet who became a central figure in the Transcendalist movement in American |  | 15 |
| 6633614150 | Henry David Thoreau | Writer and naturalist; with Ralph Waldo Emerson, he was one of America's best known transcendentalists |  | 16 |
| 6633614153 | John Deere | Invented the steel plow in 1837, which revolutionized farming; the steel plow broke up soil without the soil getting stuck to the plow |  | 17 |
| 6633614155 | Erie Canal (1817-1825) | 350 mile canal built by the state of NY that stretched from Buffalo to Albany; the canal revolutionized shipping in NY and opened up new markets (evidence of the Market Revolution) |  | 18 |
| 6633614156 | National Road (1811) | AKA Cumberland Road; first significant road built in the US at the expense of the federal government; stretched from the Potomac River to the Ohio River |  | 19 |
| 6633614157 | Mason-Dixon Line | Boundary between PA and MD that marked the division between free and slave states before the Civil War |  | 20 |
| 6633614158 | Cult of Domesticity | The belief that a woman's proper role in life was found in domestic pursuits (raising children, taking care of the house); strongly believed by many throughout the 19th century |  | 21 |
| 6633614161 | War Hawks | Members of Congress from the West and South elected in 1810 who wanted war with Britain in the hopes of annexing new territory and ending British trade with the Indians of the Northwest |  | 22 |
| 6633614163 | Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) | Treaty between the U.S. and Spain that ceded Florida to the U.S |  | 23 |
| 6633614164 | Monroe Doctrine (1823) | President Monroe's unilateral declaration that the Americas would be closed to further European colonization and that the U.S. would not allow European interference in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere; in return the U.S. pledged to stay out of European conflicts and affairs; |  | 24 |
| 6633614165 | Oregon Treaty of 1846 | After years of conflict over ownership of the Pacific Northwest, the U.S. and England established the boundary at 49° latitude, essentially splitting the Oregon Country down the middle |  | 25 |
| 6633614168 | Indian Removal Act (1830) | Law that provided for the removal of all Indian tribes east of the Mississippi and the purchase of Indian lands for white resettlement |  | 26 |
| 6633614169 | Worcester v. Georgia (1832) | A Supreme Court ruling that declared a state did not have the power to enforce laws on lands that were not under state jurisdiction; John Marshall wrote that the state of Georgia did not have the power to remove Indians; this ruling was largely ignored by President Andrew Jackson |  | 27 |
| 6633614170 | Trail of Tears (1838) | Forced march of the Cherokee people from Georgia to Indian Territory in the winter; a large percentage of Cherokee died on the journey |  | 28 |
| 6633614172 | Romanticism | An artistic and intellectual movement characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification of all the past and nature, preferring the medieval rather than the classical |  | 29 |
| 6633614173 | The American System | Consisted of three mutually reinforcing parts: (1) a tariff to protect and promote American industry; (2) a national bank to foster commerce; (3) federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other "internal improvements" to develop profitable markets for agriculture; supported heavily by Henry Clay |  | 30 |
| 6633614174 | Missouri Compromise (1820) | Admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, maintaining the balance between slave and free states in representation in the federal government; established a geographic line that would determine whether new states (made from the western territories) would be added to the union as slave or free states |  | 31 |
| 6633614179 | Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831, Marshall) | "The conditions of the Indians in relation to the United States is perhaps unlike that of any two people in existence," Chief Justice John Marshall wrote, "their relation to the United States resembles that of a ward to his guardian. . .(they were a) domestic dependent nation." Established a "trust relationship" with the tribes directly under federal authority. |  | 32 |
| 6633614181 | turnpike | A road in which tolls were collected at gates set up along the road |  | 33 |
| 6633614183 | sectionalist | Person devoted to the cause of a particular section of the country (usually North or South), as opposed to the nation as a whole |  | 34 |
| 6633614186 | internal improvements | The basic public works, such as roads and canals, that create the structure for economic development. |  | 35 |
| 6633614187 | depression | In economics, a severe and often prolonged period of declining economic activity, rising unemployment, and falling wages and prices. |  | 36 |
| 6633614189 | constituents | The body of voters or supporters in a district, regarded as a group. |  | 37 |
| 6633614194 | usurpation | The act of seizing, occupying, or enjoying the place, power, or functions of someone without right. |  | 38 |
| 6633614195 | mudslinging | Malicious, unscrupulous attacks against an opponent. |  | 39 |
| 6633614197 | incumbent | The person currently holding an office. |  | 40 |
| 6633614199 | appeasement | The policy of giving in to demands of a hostile of dangerous power in hope of avoiding conflict. |  | 41 |
| 6633614202 | evangelical | Concerning religious belief, commonly Protestant, that emphasizes personal salvation, individual and voluntary religious commitment, and the authority of Scripture. |  | 42 |
| 6633614205 | prolific | Producing a large number of something. |  | 43 |
| 6633614206 | temperance | Moderation, or sometimes total abstinence, as regards drinking alcohol. |  | 44 |
| 6633614207 | nativist | One who advocates favoring native-born citizens over aliens or immigrants. |  | 45 |
| 6633614217 | polygamy | The practice or condition of having two or more spouses at one time. |  | 46 |
