Terms : Hide Images
| 6876008329 | Federalist | Political party created in the 1790s led by Alexander Hamilton; favored a stronger national government; supported primarily by the bankers and moneyed interests |  | 0 |
| 6876008330 | Democratic-Republicans | Political party created in the 1790's; led by Thomas Jefferson; favored limited government and state rights; supported primarily by the "common man" | | 1 |
| 6876008333 | Era of Good Feelings | Term used to describe the time period after the 2nd Party System in the United States after the Federalist Party fell from the national stage, leaving only the Democratic Party; associated with the presidency of James Monroe |  | 2 |
| 6876008334 | Democrats | Political party that brought Andrew Jackson into office in 1829; part of the 2nd Party System of the United States; supported Jeffersonian ideas of limited government and individualism; drew its support from the "common Man" |  | 3 |
| 6876008335 | Whig Party | Political Party created in 1834 as a coalition of anti-Jackson political leaders and dedicated to internal improvements funded by the national government |  | 4 |
| 6876008336 | Andrew Jackson | Leader of the Democrats who became the seventh president of the US (1829-1837); known for his opposition to the 2nd Bank of the US, the Indian Removal Act, and opposition to nullification | | 5 |
| 6876008337 | Henry Clay | Leader of the Whig Party who proposed an "American System" to make the United States economically self-sufficient, mostly through protective tariffs; worked to keep the Union together through political compromise |  | 6 |
| 6876008338 | Nullification Crisis (1832-1833) | After South Carolina declared the federal tariff null and void, President Jackson obtained a Force Bill to use military actions against South Carolina; ended with a compromise to lower tariffs over an extended time; overall significance was the challenge of states to ignore federal law (later on with laws regarding slavery). |  | 7 |
| 6876008339 | John C. Calhoun | South Carolina political leader who defended slavery as a positive good and advocated the doctrine of nullification, a policy in which state could nullify federal law. |  | 8 |
| 6876008340 | John Marshall | Appointed to the Supreme Court by John Adams in 1801; served as a chief justice until 1835; legal decisions gave the Supreme Court more power, strengthened the federal government, and supported protection of private property. |  | 9 |
| 6876008341 | Cotton Belt | Southern region in the US where most of the cotton is grown/deep; stretched from South Carolina to Georgia to the new states in the southwest frontier; had the highest concentration of slaves |  | 10 |
| 6876008342 | Judicial Review | The power of the Supreme Court to review the constitutionality of laws passed by Congress |  | 11 |
| 6876008343 | Market Economy | Economic system based on the unregulated buying and selling of goods and services; prices are determined by the forces of supply and demand |  | 12 |
| 6876008344 | Embargo Act (1807) | Passed by President Jefferson in order to pressure Britain and France to stop impressment and support the American rights to free trade with the other; a government-order ban on international trade; went into effect in 1808 and closed down virtually all U.S. trade with foreign nations; led to steep depression in the economy |  | 13 |
| 6876008348 | Tariff of Abominations 1828 | Tariff with such high rates that it set off tension between northerners and southerners over tariff issues (called the Nullification Crisis) |  | 14 |
| 6876008350 | Slave Codes | Laws that established the status of slaves denying them basic rights and classifying them as the property of slaveholders |  | 15 |
| 6876008351 | Second Great Awakening | An upsurge in religious activity that began around 1800 and was characterized by emotional revival meetings; led to several reform movements (temperance, abolition) designed to perfect society with religious morals |  | 16 |
| 6876008367 | Lowell System | Method of factory management that evolved in the textile mills of Lowell, MA |  | 17 |
| 6876008368 | Erie Canal (1817-1825) | 350 mile canal built by the state of NY that stretched from Buffalo to Albany; the canal revolutionized shipping in NY and opened up new markets (evidence of the Market Revolution) |  | 18 |
| 6876008372 | Louisiana Purchase (1803) | U.S. purchased the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million, doubling the size of the U.S. and giving the U.S. full control of the Mississippi River |  | 19 |
| 6876008377 | Monroe Doctrine (1823) | President Monroe's unilateral declaration that the Americas would be closed to further European colonization and that the U.S. would not allow European interference in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere; in return the U.S. pledged to stay out of European conflicts and affairs; significant foreign policy state that lasted through most of the 19th century |  | 20 |
| 6876008379 | Manifest Destiny | Popular belief amongst early-19th century Americans that the U.S. was destined to expand across the North American continent, that this belief was obvious, and that God willed it to take place |  | 21 |
| 6876008381 | Indian Removal Act (1830) | Law that provided for the removal of all Indian tribes east of the Mississippi and the purchase of Indian lands for white resettlement |  | 22 |
| 6876008382 | Worcester v. Georgia (1832) | A Supreme Court ruling that declared a state did not have the power to enforce laws on lands that were not under state jurisdiction; John Marshall wrote that the state of Georgia did not have the power to remove Indians; this ruling was largely ignored by President Andrew Jackson |  | 23 |
| 6876008383 | Trail of Tears (1838) | Forced march of the Cherokee people from Georgia to Indian Territory in the winter; a large percentage of Cherokee died on the journey |  | 24 |
| 6876008386 | The American System | Consisted of three mutually reinforcing parts: (1) a tariff to protect and promote American industry; (2) a national bank to foster commerce; (3) federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other "internal improvements" to develop profitable markets for agriculture; supported heavily by Henry Clay | | 25 |
| 6876008387 | Missouri Compromise (1820) | Admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, maintaining the balance between slave and free states in representation in the federal government; established a geographic line that would determine whether new states (made from the western territories) would be added to the union as slave or free states |  | 26 |
| 6876008388 | Spoils System | Public offices given as a reward for political support. Most iconically used by Andrew Jackson after his first election, which then became a precedent for future federal leaders. |  | 27 |
| 6876008389 | Marbury v. Madison (1803, Marshall) | The Court established its role as the arbiter of the constitutionality of federal laws, the principle is known as judicial review. |  | 28 |
| 6876008390 | McCulloch v. Maryland (1819, Marshall) | The Court ruled that states cannot tax the federal government, i.e. the Bank of the United States; the phrase "the power to tax is the power to destroy"; confirmed the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States. |  | 29 |
| 6876008392 | Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831, Marshall) | "The conditions of the Indians in relation to the United States is perhaps unlike that of any two people in existence," Chief Justice John Marshall wrote, "their relation to the United States resembles that of a ward to his guardian. . .(they were a) domestic dependent nation." Established a "trust relationship" with the tribes directly under federal authority. | | 30 |
| 6876008393 | interchangeable parts | Parts that were identical and which could be substituted for one another; developed by Eli Whitney for the manufacturing of muskets; became a hallmark of the American factory system |  | 31 |
| 6876008395 | tariff | A tax imposed on imported goods and services. Tariffs are used to restrict trade, as they increase the price of imported goods and services, making them more expensive to consumers. |  | 32 |
| 6876008396 | sectionalist | Person devoted to the cause of a particular section of the country (usually North or South), as opposed to the nation as a whole |  | 33 |
| 6876008397 | embargo | A government order prohibiting commerce in or out of a port |  | 34 |
| 6893460502 | Nat Turner | Led a slave rebellion in the American South in 1831 that resulted in the slaughter of both slave owners and the slaves in rebellion | 35 | |
| 6893471531 | Gag Rule | Term for policy in the House of Representatives that didn't allow for consideration of abolition petitions | 36 | |
| 6893481117 | Force Bill | Bill passed by Andrew Jackson to allow federal troops to enforce the terms of the Tariff of 1828 (abominations) | 37 | |
| 8075703329 | Transportation Revolution | Improvements in technology to move people and products from one area to another | 38 | |
| 8075707792 | Maysville Road Veto | Jacksons response to a bill for federal funds to build a turnpike in Kentucky | 39 | |
| 8075717378 | Specie Circular | Jacksonian bill that required speculators to purchase western land with coin | 40 | |
| 8075720970 | Pet Banks | State banks that arose following Jackson's veto of the rechartering of the 2nd Bank of America | 41 | |
| 8075729981 | Corrupt Bargain | Term given by Jacksonians to the election of 1824 in which John Quincy Adams acquired Henry Clay's supporters in exchange for naming Clay Secretary of State | 42 | |
| 8075747873 | Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge | Supreme Court decision that struck down intra-state monopoly on the grounds that the people had a significant interest that monopolies could not protect | 43 | |
| 8075756367 | Laissez-faire | Term for the economic policy favored by Democrats in which the government plays no role in the economy | 44 | |
| 8075788798 | Gag Rule | Rule passed in Congress that prevented the presentation or debate of petitions for abolition | 45 | |
| 8075796397 | Yeoman | Group of poor, often landless, whites in the South | 46 | |
| 8075822839 | Positive Good | The notion advanced by slaveholders that slavery benefits society, including slaves | 47 |
