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| 5624241981 | Democratic-Republicans | Political party created in the 1790's; led by Thomas Jefferson; favored limited government and state rights; supported primarily by the "common man" |  | 0 |
| 5624241984 | Era of Good Feelings | Term used to describe the time period after the 2nd Party System in the United States after the Federalist Party fell from the national stage, leaving only the Democratic Party; associated with the presidency of James Monroe |  | 1 |
| 5624241985 | Democrats | Political party that brought Andrew Jackson into office in 1829; part of the 2nd Party System of the United States; supported Jeffersonian ideas of limited government and individualism; drew its support from the "common Man" |  | 2 |
| 5624241986 | Whig Party | Political Party created in 1834 as a coalition of anti-Jackson political leaders and dedicated to internal improvements funded by the national government |  | 3 |
| 5624241987 | Andrew Jackson | Leader of the Democrats who became the seventh president of the US (1829-1837); known for his opposition to the 2nd Bank of the US, the Indian Removal Act, and opposition to nullification | | 4 |
| 5624241988 | Henry Clay | Leader of the Whig Party who proposed an "American System" to make the United States economically self-sufficient, mostly through protective tariffs; worked to keep the Union together through political compromise |  | 5 |
| 5624241989 | Nullification Crisis (1832-1833) | After South Carolina declared the federal tariff null and void, President Jackson obtained a Force Bill to use military actions against South Carolina; ended with a compromise to lower tariffs over an extended time; overall significance was the challenge of states to ignore federal law (later on with laws regarding slavery). |  | 6 |
| 5624241991 | John Marshall | Appointed to the Supreme Court by John Adams in 1801; served as a chief justice until 1835; legal decisions gave the Supreme Court more power, strengthened the federal government, and supported protection of private property. |  | 7 |
| 5624241993 | Judicial Review | The power of the Supreme Court to review the constitutionality of laws passed by Congress |  | 8 |
| 5624241994 | Market Economy | Economic system based on the unregulated buying and selling of goods and services; prices are determined by the forces of supply and demand |  | 9 |
| 5624241995 | Embargo Act (1807) | Passed by President Jefferson in order to pressure Britain and France to stop impressment and support the American rights to free trade with the other; a government-order ban on international trade; went into effect in 1808 and closed down virtually all U.S. trade with foreign nations; led to steep depression in the economy |  | 10 |
| 5624241997 | Second Bank of the United States (1816) | Privately owned bank that operated as both a commercial and fiscal agent for the US government; established in 1816 under a charter that was supposed to last 20 years; Andrew Jackson was critical of the bank and its potential for corruption; ended when Jackson vetoed the extension of its charter and won reelection in the process |  | 11 |
| 5624241999 | Tariff of Abominations 1828 | Tariff with such high rates that it set off tension between northerners and southerners over tariff issues (called the Nullification Crisis) |  | 12 |
| 5624242002 | Second Great Awakening | An upsurge in religious activity that began around 1800 and was characterized by emotional revival meetings; led to several reform movements (temperance, abolition) designed to perfect society with religious morals |  | 13 |
| 5624242007 | Utopian Communities | Idealistic reform movement based on the belief that a perfect society could be created on Earth; significant Utopian experiments were established at New Harmony, Indiana, Book Farm, Massachusetts and the Oneida Community in New York; usually such attempts were short-lived |  | 14 |
| 5624242012 | Transcendentalism | Philosophical and literary movement that believed God existed within human being and nature; believed intuition was the highest source of knowledge; advocated for introspection by surrounding oneself with nature |  | 15 |
| 5624242017 | John Deere | Invented the steel plow in 1837, which revolutionized farming; the steel plow broke up soil without the soil getting stuck to the plow |  | 16 |
| 5624242018 | Lowell System | Method of factory management that evolved in the textile mills of Lowell, MA |  | 17 |
| 5624242021 | Mason-Dixon Line | Boundary between PA and MD that marked the division between free and slave states before the Civil War |  | 18 |
| 5624242022 | Cult of Domesticity | The belief that a woman's proper role in life was found in domestic pursuits (raising children, taking care of the house); strongly believed by many throughout the 19th century |  | 19 |
| 5624242023 | Louisiana Purchase (1803) | U.S. purchased the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million, doubling the size of the U.S. and giving the U.S. full control of the Mississippi River |  | 20 |
| 5624242024 | Lewis and Clark expedition (1804-1806) | Expedition to explore the Louisiana Territory led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark |  | 21 |
| 5624242025 | War Hawks | Members of Congress from the West and South elected in 1810 who wanted war with Britain in the hopes of annexing new territory and ending British trade with the Indians of the Northwest |  | 22 |
| 5624242026 | War of 1812 | 1812-1815, War between the U.S. and Great Britain caused primarily by the perceived British violation of American neutral rights on the high seas (impressment); ended with an agreement of "status quo ante" (a return to how things were before the war) |  | 23 |
| 5624242027 | Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) | Treaty between the U.S. and Spain that ceded Florida to the U.S |  | 24 |
| 5624242028 | Monroe Doctrine (1823) | President Monroe's unilateral declaration that the Americas would be closed to further European colonization and that the U.S. would not allow European interference in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere; in return the U.S. pledged to stay out of European conflicts and affairs; significant foreign policy state that lasted through most of the 19th century |  | 25 |
| 5624242030 | Manifest Destiny | Popular belief amongst early-19th century Americans that the U.S. was destined to expand across the North American continent, that this belief was obvious, and that God willed it to take place |  | 26 |
| 5624242032 | Indian Removal Act (1830) | Law that provided for the removal of all Indian tribes east of the Mississippi and the purchase of Indian lands for white resettlement |  | 27 |
| 5624242034 | Trail of Tears (1838) | Forced march of the Cherokee people from Georgia to Indian Territory in the winter; a large percentage of Cherokee died on the journey |  | 28 |
| 5624242035 | American Anti-Slavery Society | Abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison - included Frederick Douglass as a significant leader of the society |  | 29 |
| 5624242036 | Romanticism | An artistic and intellectual movement characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification of all the past and nature, preferring the medieval rather than the classical |  | 30 |
| 5624242037 | The American System | Consisted of three mutually reinforcing parts: (1) a tariff to protect and promote American industry; (2) a national bank to foster commerce; (3) federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other "internal improvements" to develop profitable markets for agriculture; supported heavily by Henry Clay | | 31 |
| 5624242038 | Missouri Compromise (1820) | Admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, maintaining the balance between slave and free states in representation in the federal government; established a geographic line that would determine whether new states (made from the western territories) would be added to the union as slave or free states |  | 32 |
| 5624242039 | Spoils System | Public offices given as a reward for political support. Most iconically used by Andrew Jackson after his first election, which then became a precedent for future federal leaders. |  | 33 |
| 5624242040 | Marbury v. Madison (1803, Marshall) | The Court established its role as the arbiter of the constitutionality of federal laws, the principle is known as judicial review. |  | 34 |
| 5624242041 | McCulloch v. Maryland (1819, Marshall) | The Court ruled that states cannot tax the federal government, i.e. the Bank of the United States; the phrase "the power to tax is the power to destroy"; confirmed the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States. |  | 35 |
| 5624242044 | interchangeable parts | Parts that were identical and which could be substituted for one another; developed by Eli Whitney for the manufacturing of muskets; became a hallmark of the American factory system |  | 36 |
| 5624242046 | tariff | A tax imposed on imported goods and services. Tariffs are used to restrict trade, as they increase the price of imported goods and services, making them more expensive to consumers. |  | 37 |
| 5624242047 | sectionalist | Person devoted to the cause of a particular section of the country (usually North or South), as opposed to the nation as a whole |  | 38 |
| 5624242048 | embargo | A government order prohibiting commerce in or out of a port |  | 39 |
| 5624242049 | nationalism | A strong devotion to the nation as the central political entity, often in a narrow or aggressive fashion; usually involves feelings of superiority over other nations or ideaologies |  | 40 |
| 5624242050 | internal improvements | The basic public works, such as roads and canals, that create the structure for economic development. |  | 41 |
| 5624242070 | temperance | Moderation, or sometimes total abstinence, as regards drinking alcohol. |  | 42 |
| 5624242071 | nativist | One who advocates favoring native-born citizens over aliens or immigrants. |  | 43 |
| 5624242072 | factory | An establishment for the manufacturing of goods, including buildings and substantial machinery. |  | 44 |
| 5624242077 | capitalist | An individual or group who uses private property to produce goods for profit in an open market. |  | 45 |
| 5624242080 | transient | Referring to a person without a fixed or long-term home or job; a migrant. |  | 46 |
| 5624242081 | polygamy | The practice or condition of having two or more spouses at one time. |  | 47 |
