AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Period 4: 1800 - 1848 Chapter 7 - 11
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| 16289830833 | Second Great Awakening | Religious movement that began in the early decades of the 19th century. Reaction against the rationalism of the Enlightenment. In the northern states it touched off social reform. |  | 0 |
| 16289830879 | market revolution | Starting in the early 19th century, produced vast economic growth, mass produced goods. |  | 1 |
| 16289830880 | Thomas Jefferson | Washington's first secretary of state. A Democrat-Republican, he was the nation's third president from 1801 to 1809. |  | 2 |
| 16289830881 | Battle of New Orleans | General Andrew Jackson won this in 1815. The War of 1812 had officially ended two weeks earlier, but word had not yet reached the United States. |  | 3 |
| 16289830882 | Era of Good Feelings | Term to describe James Monroe's period as president (1817-1825). Political infighting ends and Democratic-Republicans party dominated politics. |  | 4 |
| 16289830834 | Jacksonian Democracy | The time period 1829 to 1837, also known as the Age of the Common Man. |  | 5 |
| 16289830883 | Indian Removal Act | President Andrew Jackson supported this. By 1835 most of the eastern tribes had reluctantly moved to an area in today's Oklahoma. |  | 6 |
| 16289830884 | Romanticism in art and literature | Evoked the wonder of the nation's landscape. The Hudson River School of painters were the most prominent. |  | 7 |
| 16289830885 | Nullification Crisis | In 1832, South Carolina passed a resolution forbidding the collection of tariffs in the state. Jackson threatened use of federal troops against South Carolina. |  | 8 |
| 16289830886 | Elizabeth Cady Stanton | A women's rights reformer who was not allowed to speak at an antislavery convention. |  | 9 |
| 16289830887 | cotton gin | This machine was invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. It removed seeds from plant fibers. It expanded the institution of slavery |  | 10 |
| 16289830888 | War Hawks | Led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun; argued that war with Britain was the only way to defend American honor, gain Canada, and destroy American Indian resistance on the frontier. | 11 | |
| 16289830835 | William Lloyd Garrison | Advocated the immediate emancipation of slaves without compensation to their owners. He was also the writer of the "Liberator." | 12 | |
| 16289830836 | Lucretia Mott | Early feminist who advocated for women's rights and against slavery. | 13 | |
| 16289830889 | Republican Motherhood/Cult of Domesticity | After industrialization occurred women became the moral leaders in the home and educators of children. Men were responsible for economic and political affairs. |  | 14 |
| 16289830837 | Sectionalism: The North | Largely urban population that worked in factories. | 15 | |
| 16289830838 | Sectionalism: The South | Largely agricultural, mostly cotton from 1830-1850. | 16 | |
| 16289830839 | Sectionalism: The West | Largely trapping and hunting, citizens lived a secluded life away from others. | 17 | |
| 16289830840 | Whigs | Favored the wealthy and educated, strong central government, supported the National Bank and Internal Improvements, limited immigration, slow/against westward expansion; above all else HATED Andrew Jackson. | 18 | |
| 16289830841 | Impressment | Practice of the British navy of stealing Americans and forcing them into service in the British Navy. | 19 | |
| 16289830842 | Treaty of Ghent | Ended the War of 1812, establish status quo antebellum. | 20 | |
| 16289830843 | Frances Scott Key | Wrote the Star Spangled banner at the Battle of Fort McHenry. | 21 | |
| 16289830890 | Monroe Doctrine | Warned European powers to refrain from seeking any new territories/interfering in the Americas. |  | 22 |
| 16289830891 | Missouri Compromise | An 1820 compromise crafted by Henry Clay; prohibited slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Territory north of latitude 36 30. Admitted Missouri (slave) and Maine (free) as states. |  | 23 |
| 16289830844 | King Andrew | Nickname given to President Andrew Jackson when his opponents did not like his use of the veto power. |  | 24 |
| 16289830845 | Marbury v. Madison | Established the Supreme Court's policy of judicial review. |  | 25 |
| 16289830892 | American System | Henry Clay proposed this to advance the nation's economy. It consisted of: * Protective Tariffs * National Bank * Internal Improvements |  | 26 |
| 16289830893 | The Lowell Mill Factory | The system that recruited young farm women to work in the textile mills. They were housed in company dormitories near the mills. | | 27 |
| 16289830894 | Seneca Falls Convention | In 1848 women's rights movement wrote a "Declaration of Sentiments", which declared all men and women equal and listed grievances. |  | 28 |
| 16289830895 | Transcendentalists | They questioned the doctrines of established churches and business practices of the merchant class. Mystical and intuitive way of thinking to discover inner self and look for essence of God in nature. |  | 29 |
| 16289830896 | Trail of Tears | In 1838 the U.S. Army forced 15,000 Cherokees to leave Georgia and move to Oklahoma. 4,000 Cherokees died on the march. |  | 30 |
| 16289830897 | Hartford Convention (1814) | A meeting was held due to opposition to the the War of 1812; some radical Federalist in the Northeast want to secede from the United States, but that it was rejected. |  | 31 |
| 16289830846 | Panic 1837 | Was a result of Jackson's defeat of the National Bank. | 32 | |
| 16289830847 | Martin Van Buren | Became President after Andrew Jackson, won the election because of Jackson's popularity. Was faced with economic troubles. | 33 | |
| 16289830848 | Tippecanoe and Tyler Too! | William Henry Harrison's campaign slogan. | 34 | |
| 16289830849 | Tecumseh | He said, "They have pushed us from the seas to the lakes, we can go no further." Advocated fighting Americans to stop westward progression and renew British alliances. | 35 | |
| 16289830850 | The Embargo Act of 1807 | Cut off all US trade with the world, attempting to maintain American neutrality. | 36 | |
| 16289830851 | Macon's Bill no. 2 | Allowed the US to trade with either Great Britain or France depending on who recognized American sovereignty and neutrality first. | 37 | |
| 16289830852 | Adams-Onis Treaty | Grave the United States Florida in exchange for taking on Spain's $5 million debt to American citizens. | 38 | |
| 16289830853 | Old Hickory | Nickname for Andrew Jackson gained from the Battle of New Orleans. |  | 39 |
| 16289830854 | Treaty of 1818 | Granted the United States join occupation of Oregon with Great Britain. | 40 | |
| 16289830855 | Worcester v. Georgia | Supreme Court case regarding Cherokee rights to land in the United States. | 41 | |
| 16289830856 | John Q. Adams | Elected in 1824 as a result of a bargain struck by Henry Clay. | 42 | |
| 16289830857 | The Tariff of 1828 | Increased taxes on imported goods to almost 50%; which positively effected American manufacturing but hurt the south. | 43 | |
| 16289830858 | Force Bill | Permitted Andrew Jackson to organize troops to prevent South Carolina from secession. | 44 | |
| 16289830859 | Increased Voter Turnout | -elimination of landownership, -increased news circulation, -increased education/literacy -changes to candidate selection | 45 | |
| 16289830860 | Henry Clay | Created the Tariff of 1833 to solve the Nullification Crisis, developed the American System, Speaker of the House, Secretary of State under JQA, Whig leaders, leader of the War Hawks. | 46 | |
| 16289830861 | Results of the War of 1812 | -American Nationalism -War Heroes -Death of the Federalist Party | 47 | |
| 16289830862 | Revolution of 1800 | Jefferson's election changed the direction of the government from Federalist to Democratic- Republican, so it was called a "revolution." It was the first peaceful transition of power between political parties | 48 | |
| 16289830863 | Midnight Appointments | After 1800, the only branch left in the Federalists' hands was the Judiciary. On John Adam's last night as president he made last minute appointments for Federalists to judgeships. He did so in an attempt to maintain Federalist control of judiciary branch. | 49 | |
| 16289830864 | McCulloch v. Maryland | Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law. Essentially, states cannot tax a federal entity. | 50 | |
| 16289830865 | Gibbons v. Ogden | Regulating interstate commerce is a power reserved to the federal government, specifically Congress | 51 | |
| 16289830866 | Corrupt Bargain | Refers to the claim from the supporters of Andrew Jackson that John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay had worked out a deal to ensure that Adams was elected president by the House of Representatives in 1824. | 52 | |
| 16289830867 | Bank War | Jackson believed the Bank of US had too much power and was too rich. Vetoed the 2nd Bank charter and withdrew gov't money from the US Banks and put it into "pet banks". This resulted in the Panic of 1837. | 53 | |
| 16289830868 | Spoils System | A system of public employment (government offices) based on rewarding party loyalists and friends. | 54 | |
| 16289830869 | sewing machine | made in 1846 by Elias Howe; made making clothing faster and cheaper. Resulted in the ramping up of the textile industry. | 55 | |
| 16289830870 | Transportation Revolution | A period of rapid growth in the speed and convenience of travel because of new methods of transportation. | 56 | |
| 16289830871 | Communication Revolution | New technologies that helped spur and contribute to the westward expansion and Industrial Revolution. | 57 | |
| 16289830872 | Transcendentalism | A nineteenth-century movement in the Romantic tradition, which held that every individual can reach ultimate truths through spiritual intuition, which transcends reason and sensory experience. | 58 | |
| 16289830873 | Ralph Waldo Emerson | American transcendentalist who was against slavery and stressed self-reliance, optimism, self-improvement, self-confidence, and freedom. He was a prime example of a transcendentalist and helped further the movement. He prompted the growth of American artists and culture. | 59 | |
| 16289830874 | Horace Mann | Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education; "Father of the public school system"; a prominent proponent of public school reform, & set the standard for public schools throughout the nation; lengthened academic year; pro training & higher salaries to teachers | 60 | |
| 16289830875 | Lyman Beecher | Presbyterian clergyman, temperance movement leader and a leader of the Second Great Awakening of the United States. He did not approve of women preachers. | 61 | |
| 16289830876 | Charles Finney | One of the most important leaders of the Second Great Awakening. He was against alcohol and supported women's involvement including preaching. | 62 | |
| 16289830877 | Temperance Movement | A social movement against the consumption of alcoholic beverages. | 63 | |
| 16289830878 | Joseph Smith | Founded Mormonism in New York in 1830 with the guidance of an angel. 1843, Smith's announcement that God sanctioned polygamy split the Mormons and let to an uprising against Mormons in 1844; translated the Book of Mormon. He was murdered by an angry mob who was persecuting him for his beliefs. | 64 |
