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| 4777852341 | Manifest Destiny | A notion held by a nineteenth-century Americans that the United States was destined to rule the continent, from the Atlantic the Pacific. |  | 0 |
| 4777852342 | Louis O'Sullivan | Coined the term Manifest Destiny in a newspaper article | 1 | |
| 4777852343 | Texas Annexation | 1845. Originally refused in 1837, as the U.S. Government believed that the annexation would lead to war with Mexico. Texas remained a sovereign nation. Annexed via a joint resolution through Congress, supported by President-elect Polk, and approved in 1845. Land from the Republic of Texas later became parts of NM, CO, OK, KS, and WY. |  | 2 |
| 4777852344 | Fifty Four Forty or Fight | The phrase used in James K Polk's 1844 presidential election dealing with the Oregon Territory Dispute. |  | 3 |
| 4777852345 | Oregon Trail | 2000 mile long path along which thousands of Americans journeyed to the Willamette Valley in the 1840's. |  | 4 |
| 4777852346 | Mountain Men | Fur trappers of the northwest who paved the way for continuous settlement of the great west |  | 5 |
| 4777852347 | California Gold Rush | 1849 (San Francisco 49ers) Gold discovered in California attracted a rush of people all over the country and world to San Francisco; arrival of the Chinese; increased pressure on federal government to establish a stable government |  | 6 |
| 4777852348 | Mexican American War | 1846 - 1848 - President Polk declared war on Mexico over the dispute of land in Texas. At the end, American ended up with 55% of Mexico's land. |  | 7 |
| 4777852349 | Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | (1848) treaty signed by the U.S. and Mexico that officially ended the Mexican-American War; Mexico had to give up much of its northern territory to the U.S (Mexican Cession); in exchange the U.S. gave Mexico $15 million and said that Mexicans living in the lands of the Mexican Cession would be protected |  | 8 |
| 4777852350 | Gadsden Purchase | Agreement w/ Mexico that gave the US parts of present-day New Mexico & Arizona in exchange for $10 million; all but completed the continental expansion envisioned by those who believed in Manifest Destiny. |  | 9 |
| 4777852351 | popular sovereignty | A belief that ultimate power resides in the people. | 10 | |
| 4777852352 | Kansas Nebraska Act | 1854 - Created Nebraska and Kansas as states and gave the people in those territories the right to chose to be a free or slave state through popular sovereignty. |  | 11 |
| 4777852353 | Free "Soiler" | People who opposed expansion of slavery into western territories |  | 12 |
| 4777852354 | Republican Party | 1854 - anti-slavery Whigs and Democrats, Free "Soilers" and reformers from the Northwest met and formed party in order to keep slavery out of the territories |  | 13 |
| 4777852355 | Stephen A Douglas | Senator from Illinois who ran for president against Abraham Lincoln. Wrote the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Freeport Doctrine |  | 14 |
| 4777852356 | Freeport Doctrine | Idea authored by Stephen Douglas that claimed slavery could only exist when popular sovereignty said so |  | 15 |
| 4777852357 | Abraham Lincoln | 16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865) |  | 16 |
| 4777852358 | secession | Formal withdrawal of states or regions from a nation |  | 17 |
| 4777852359 | Dred Scott Decision | A Missouri slave sued for his freedom, claiming that his four year stay in the northern portion of the Louisiana Territory made free land by the Missouri Compromise had made him a free man. The U.S, Supreme Court decided he couldn't sue in federal court because he was property, not a citizen. |  | 18 |
| 4777852360 | Uncle Tom's Cabin | Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1853 that highly influenced England's view on the American Deep South and slavery. A novel promoting abolition. intensified sectional conflict. | 19 | |
| 4777852361 | Sectionalism | Loyalty to a region |  | 20 |
| 4777852362 | John Brown's Raid | Began when he and his men took over the arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in hopes of starting a slave rebellion. |  | 21 |
| 4777852363 | Robert E Lee | Confederate general who had opposed secession but did not believe the Union should be held together by force |  | 22 |
| 4777852364 | Fort Sumter | Federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; the confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War |  | 23 |
| 4777852365 | Antietam | A battle near a sluggish little creek, it proved to be the bloodiest single day battle in American History with over 26,000 lives lost in that single day. |  | 24 |
| 4777852366 | Vicksburg | Grant besieged the city from May 18 to July 4, 1863, until it surrendered, yielding command of the Mississippi River to the Union. |  | 25 |
| 4777852367 | Gettysburg | A large battle in the American Civil War, took place in southern Pennsylvania from July 1 to July 3, 1863. The battle is named after the town on the battlefield. Union General George G. Meade led an army of about 90,000 men to victory against General Robert E. Lee's Confederate army of about 75,000. Gettysburg is the war's most famous battle because of its large size, high cost in lives, location in a northern state, and for President Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address. |  | 26 |
| 4777852368 | Appomattox Courthouse | April 1865., the Virginia town where Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant in 1865, ending the Civil War |  | 27 |
| 4777852369 | Ulysses S Grant | an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War. |  | 28 |
| 4777852370 | William Tecumseh Sherman | Union General who destroyed South during "march to the sea" from Atlanta to Savannah, example of total war |  | 29 |
| 4777852371 | Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson | He was a confederate general who was known for his fearlessness in leading rapid marches bold flanking movements and furious assaults. he earned his nickname at the battle of first bull run for standing courageously against union fire. During the battle of Chancellorsville his own men accidently mortally wounded him. |  | 30 |
| 4777852372 | habeas corpus | Constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment |  | 31 |
| 4777852373 | martial law | rule by the army instead of the elected government |  | 32 |
| 4777852374 | emergency powers | Wide-ranging powers a president may exercise during times of crisis or those powers permitted the president by Congress for a limited time. |  | 33 |
| 4777852375 | Lincoln 1st Inaugural Address | Lincoln tries to appease the south and avoid war | 34 | |
| 4777852376 | Gettysburg Address | A 3-minute address by Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War (November 19, 1963) at the dedication of a national cemetery on the site of the Battle of Gettysburg |  | 35 |
| 4777852377 | Lincoln 2nd Inaugural Address | "with malice toward none, and charity for all" | 36 | |
| 4777852378 | Presidential Reconstruction | President's idea of reconstruction : all states had to end slavery, states had to declare that their secession was illegal, and men had to pledge their loyalty to the U.S. |  | 37 |
| 4777852379 | Radical Reconstruction | Reconstruction strategy that was based on severely punishing South for causing war |  | 38 |
| 4777852380 | Black Codes | Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War |  | 39 |
| 4777852381 | Military Reconstruction Act | 1867; divided the South into five districts and placed them under military rule; required Southern States to ratify the 14th amendment; guaranteed freedmen the right to vote in convention to write new state constitutions |  | 40 |
| 4777852382 | Reconstruction Amendments | 13th: abolished and continues to prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude, 14th: secured the rights of former slaves after reconstruction, 15th: prohibits each government in the United States to prevent a citizen from voting based on their race |  | 41 |
| 4777852383 | Freedmen's Bureau | 1865. help former black slaves after civil war Organization run by the army to care for and protect southern Blacks after the Civil War |  | 42 |
| 4777852384 | Compromise of 1877 | Ended Reconstruction. Republicans promise 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint Democrat to cabinet (David Key postmaster general), 3) Federal money for railroad construction and levees on Mississippi river | 43 | |
| 4777852385 | Election of 1876 | Ended reconstruction because neither candidate had an electoral majority. The Democrat Sam Tilden loses the election to Rutherford B Hayes, Republican, was elected, and then ended reconstruction as he secretly promised. |  | 44 |
| 4777852386 | KKK | Stands for Ku Klux Klan and started right after the Civil War in 1866. The Southern establishment took charge by passing discriminatory laws known as the black codes. Gives whites almost unlimited power. They masked themselves and burned black churches, schools, and terrorized black people. They are anti-black and anti-Semitic. | 45 | |
| 4777852387 | carpetbagger | A northerner who went to the South immediately after the Civil War; especially one who tried to gain political advantage or other advantages from the disorganized situation in southern states |  | 46 |
| 4777852388 | scalawag | A derogatory term for Southerners who were working with the North to buy up land from desperate Southerners |  | 47 |
| 4777852389 | sharecropper | A person who works fields rented from a landowner and pays the rent and repays loans by turning over to the landowner a share of the crops. |  | 48 |
| 4777852390 | Morehouse College | Founded in Atlanta in 1867 for black education for professional careers such as lawyers, ministers, and educators. | 49 |
