Terms : Hide Images
| 9266349234 | oligarchy | Rule by a small elite. | 0 | |
| 9266349235 | medievalism | Devotion to the social values, customs, or beliefs thought to be characteristic of the European Middle Ages. | 1 | |
| 9266349236 | commission | Fee paid to an agent in a transaction, usually as a percentage of the sale. | 2 | |
| 9266349237 | middlemen | In commerce, those who stand between the producer and the retailer or consumer. | 3 | |
| 9266349238 | racism | Belief in the superiority of one race over another or behavior reflecting such a belief. | 4 | |
| 9266349239 | fecund | Fruitful in the bearing numerous children. | 5 | |
| 9266349240 | overseer | Someone who governs or directs the work of another. | 6 | |
| 9266349241 | sabotage | Intentional destruction or damage of goods, machines, or productive processes. | 7 | |
| 9266349242 | fratricidal | Literally, concerning the killing of brothers; often applied to the killing of relatives or countrymen. | 8 | |
| 9266349243 | incendiary | A person who willfully stirs up a riot or rebellion. | 9 | |
| 9266349244 | genteel | Excessively or pretentiously refined and polite. | 10 | |
| 9266349245 | royalty | The share of the proceeds from work paid to an inventor, author, composer, and so on. | 11 | |
| 9266349246 | default | To fail to pay a loan or interest due. | 12 | |
| 9266349247 | repudiate | To refuse to accept responsibility for paying a bill or debt. | 13 | |
| 9266349248 | protectorate | The relation of a strong nation to a weak one under its control and protection. | 14 | |
| 9266349249 | colossus | Anything of extraordinary size and power. | 15 | |
| 9266349250 | resolution | In government, a formal statement of policy or judgment by a legislature, but requiring no statute. | 16 | |
| 9266349251 | intrigue | A plot or scheme formed by secret, underhanded means. | 17 | |
| 9266349252 | barter | To exchange goods or services without money. | 18 | |
| 9266349253 | deadlock | To completely block or stop action as a consequence of the mutual pressure of equal and opposed forces. | 19 | |
| 9266349254 | dark horse | In politics, a candidate with little apparent support who unexpectedly wins a nomination or election. | 20 | |
| 9266349255 | predecessor | The person who held an office before its present occupant. | 21 | |
| 9266349256 | quibble | A petty evasion of a disputed point by sharp argument or legal maneuver. | 22 | |
| 9266349257 | no-man's-land | A territory to which neither of two disputing parties has clear claim and where they may meet as combatants. | 23 | |
| 9266349258 | indemnity | A repayment for loss or damage inflicted. | 24 | |
| 9266349259 | self-determination | In politics, the right of a people to assert its own national identity or form of government without outside influence. | 25 | |
| 9266349260 | homestead | A family home or farm with buildings and land sufficient for survival. | 26 | |
| 9266349261 | vigilante | Concerning groups that claim to punish crime and maintain order without legal authority to do so. | 27 | |
| 9266349262 | sanctuary | A place of refuge or protection, where people are safe from punishment by the law. | 28 | |
| 9266349263 | fugitive | A person who flees from danger or prosecution. | 29 | |
| 9266349264 | topography | The precise surface features and details of a place - for example, rivers, bridges, hills - in relation to one another. | 30 | |
| 9266349265 | mundane | Belonging to this world, as opposed to the spiritual world. | 31 | |
| 9266349266 | statecraft | The art of government leadership. | 32 | |
| 9266349267 | isthmian | Concerning a narrow strip of land connecting two larger bodies of land. | 33 | |
| 9266349268 | filibustering | Referring to adventurers who conduct a private war against a foreign country. | 34 | |
| 9266349269 | consulate | The office of a foreign official, usually not the ambassador, appointed to look after his or her country's interests or citizens in a particular place. | 35 | |
| 9266349270 | cloak-and-dagger | Concerning the activities of spies or undercover agents, especially involving elaborate deceptions. | 36 | |
| 9266349271 | leak | To accidentally or deliberately disclose information supposed to be kept secret. | 37 | |
| 9266349272 | booster | One who promotes a person or enterprise, especially in a highly enthusiastic way. | 38 | |
| 9266349273 | truce | A temporary suspension of warfare by agreement of the hostile parties. | 39 | |
| 9266349274 | mediation | The attempt to resolve a dispute through the intervention or counsel of a third party | 40 | |
| 9266349275 | proclamation | An official announcement or publicly declared order. | 41 | |
| 9266349276 | grapevine | The informal network by which information, rumors, gossip, and so on are spread. | 42 | |
| 9266349277 | flank | The side of an army, where it is vulnerable to attack. | 43 | |
| 9266349278 | court-martial | A military court or a trial held in such a court under military law. | 44 | |
| 9266349279 | garrison | A military fortress, or the troops stationed at such a fortress, usually designed for defense or occupation of a territory. | 45 | |
| 9266349280 | morale | The condition of courage, confidence, and willingness to endure hardship. | 46 | |
| 9266349281 | riffraff | The segment of society regarded as worthless or undisciplined. | 47 | |
| 9266349282 | pillaging | Plundering, looting, destroying property by violence. | 48 | |
| 9266349283 | running-mate | In politics, the candidate for the lesser of two offices when they are decided together-for example, the U.S. vice presidency. | 49 | |
| 9266349284 | ringleader | A person who leads others, especially in unlawful acts or opposition to authority. | 50 | |
| 9266349285 | civil disabilities | Legally imposed restrictions of a person's civil rights or liberties. | 51 | |
| 9266349286 | posthumously | After death. | 52 | |
| 9266349287 | mutual aid societies | Nonprofit organizations designed to provide their members with financial and social benefits, often including medical aid, life insurance, funeral costs, and disaster relief. | 53 | |
| 9266349288 | confiscation | Legal government seizure of private property without compensation. | 54 | |
| 9266349289 | dogmatic | Holding to strong ideas or opinions without evidence or proof. | 55 | |
| 9266349290 | chain gang | A group of prisoners chained together while working. | 56 | |
| 9266349291 | sharecrop | An agricultural system in which a tenant receives land, tools, and seed on credit and pledges in return a share of the crop to the creditor. | 57 | |
| 9266349292 | peonage | A system in which debtors are held in servitude, to labor for their creditors. | 58 | |
| 9266349293 | scalawag | A white Southerner who supported Republican Reconstruction after the Civil War. | 59 | |
| 9266349294 | Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842) | Declared that labor unions were lawful organizations and that the strike was a lawful weapon. | 60 | |
| 9266349295 | Scott v. Sanford (1857, Taney) | Speaking for a widely divided court, Chief Justice Taney ruled that Dred Scott was not a citizen and had no standing in court; Scott's residence in a free state and territory had not made him free since he returned to Missouri; Congress had no power to prohibit slavery in a territory (based on the 5th Amendment right of a person to be secure from seizure of property), thus voiding the Missouri Compromise of 1820. | 61 | |
| 9266349296 | Ex parte Milligan (1866) | Ruled that a civilian cannot be tried in military courts while civil courts are available. | 62 | |
| 9266349297 | Manifest Destiny | a term for the attitude prevalent during the 19th century period of American expansion that the United States not only could, but was destined to, stretch from coast to coast. This attitude helped fuel western settlement, Native American removal and war with Mexico. | 63 | |
| 9266349298 | James K. Polk | the surprise (dark horse) candidate for president in 1844, defeating Henry Clay of the rival Whig Party by promising to annex the Republic of Texas. Became the 11th President of the United States. | 64 | |
| 9266349299 | The American Civil War | a civil war fought from 1861 to 1865, to determine the survival of the United States of America as it defeated the bid for independence by the breakaway Confederate States of America. | 65 | |
| 9266349300 | Reconstruction | has two senses: the first covers the complete history of the entire country from 1865 to 1877 following the Civil War; the second sense focuses on the transformation of the Southern United States from 1863 to 1877, as directed by Congress, with the reconstruction of state and society. | 66 | |
| 9266349301 | Compromise of 1877 | a purported informal, unwritten deal that settled the intensely disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election, pulled federal troops out of state politics in the South, and ended the Reconstruction Era. | 67 | |
| 9266349302 | Mexican-American War | An armed conflict between the United States of America and the United Mexican States from 1846 to 1848. It followed in the wake of the 1845 US annexation of Texas, which Mexico considered part of its territory, despite the 1836 Texas Revolution. | 68 | |
| 9266349303 | Free Labor | The labor of free men, as distinguished by that of slaves. | 69 | |
| 9266349304 | Free Soil Movement | opposed the expansion of slavery into the western territories, arguing that free men on free soil comprised a morally and economically superior system to slavery. | 70 | |
| 9266349305 | The Mexican Cession | 1848 - A historical name in the United States for the region of the modern day southwestern United States that Mexico ceded to the U.S. in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, but had not been part of the areas east of the Rio Grande which had been claimed by the Republic of Texas | 71 | |
| 9266349306 | Compromise of 1850 | A package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850, which defused a four-year political confrontation between slave and free states regarding the status of territories acquired during the Mexican-American War (1846-48). Drafted and brokered by Henry Clay with assistance from Democratic Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois | 72 | |
| 9266349307 | Kansas-Nebraska Act | Allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders. TheAct served to repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which prohibited slavery north of latitude 36°30´. Passed by the U.S. Congress on May 30, 1854. | 73 | |
| 9266349308 | Dred Scott Decision | Scott v. Sanford (1857, Taney) Speaking for a widely divided court, Chief Justice Taney ruled that Dred Scott was not a citizen and had no standing in court; Scott's residence in a free state and territory had not made him free since he returned to Missouri; Congress had no power to prohibit slavery in a territory (based on the 5th Amendment right of a person to be secure from seizure of property), thus voiding the Missouri Compromise of 1820. | 74 | |
| 9266349309 | Second Party System | Political Party system used during the 1800s. Two main political parties dominated this time period. One was the Democratic Party, led by Andrew Jackson. The other was the Whig Party, started by Henry Clay. The Whig party was made up of members of the National Republican Party and other people who opposed Jackson. | 75 | |
| 9266349310 | Abraham Lincoln | 16th President of the U.S. Preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy by leading the country through its Civil War. | 76 | |
| 9266349311 | Emancipation Proclamation | Given by Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863. Declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free." | 77 | |
| 9266349312 | Gettysburg Address | Speech given by Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War. Considered one of the greatest and most influential statements of national purpose. Proclaimed the Civil War as a struggle for the preservation of the Union sundered by the secession crisis with "a new birth of freedom" that would bring true equality to all of its citizens. Redefineed Civil War as struggle not just for the Union, but also for the principle of human equality. | 78 | |
| 9266349313 | 13th Amendment | "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." | 79 | |
| 9266349314 | 14th Amendment | Granted citizenship to "all persons born or naturalized in the United States," which included former slaves recently freed. | 80 | |
| 9266349315 | 15th Amendment | Granted African American men the right to vote by declaring that the "right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." | 81 | |
| 9266349316 | Sharecropping system | A system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land. | 82 | |
| 9266349317 | coalition | A temporary alliance of political factions or partiers for some specific purpose. | 83 | |
| 9266349318 | corner | To gain exclusive control of a commodity in order to fix its price. | 84 | |
| 9266349319 | eccentric | Deviating from the norm; peculiar, unconventional. | 85 | |
| 9266349320 | amnesty | A general pardon for offenses or crimes against a government. | 86 | |
| 9266349321 | hard money | Scarce money with high purchase value. | 87 | |
| 9266349322 | sound money | Money adequately backed by capital assets or reserves. | 88 | |
| 9266349323 | contraction | In finance, reducing the available supply of money, thus tending to raise interest rates and lower prices. | 89 | |
| 9266349324 | soft money | Plentiful or inflated money. | 90 | |
| 9266349325 | fraternal organization | A society of men drawn together for social purposes and sometimes to pursue other common goals. | 91 | |
| 9266349326 | consensus | Common or unanimous opinion. | 92 | |
| 9266349327 | kickback | The return of a portion of the money received in a sale or contract, often secretly or illegally, in exchange for favors. | 93 | |
| 9266349328 | stock dividends | A portion of the profits of a corporation distributed to owners of a company's stock. | 94 | |
| 9266349329 | pull | Political influence or special advantage. | 95 | |
| 9266349330 | Laissez-faire | The doctrine of noninterference, especially by the government, in matters of economics or business. | 96 | |
| 9266349331 | pork barrel | In American politics, government appropriations for political purposes, especially projects designed to please legislators lock constituency. | 97 |
