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| 9266346195 | The Great Depression | The deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the Western industrialized world. In the United States, the Great Depression began soon after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors. | 0 | |
| 9266346196 | Progressive Era | A period of widespread social activism and political reform across the United States, from the 1890s to 1920s. | 1 | |
| 9266346197 | Prohibition | A nationwide constitutional ban on the production, importation, transportation and sale of alcoholic beverages that remained in place from 1920 to 1933. | 2 | |
| 9266346198 | Women's suffrage | The women's right to vote, granted by the 19th amendment to the U.S. Constitution | 3 | |
| 9266346199 | Preservationists | Those who attempt to maintain in their present condition areas of the Earth that are so far untouched by humans. | 4 | |
| 9266346200 | Conservationists | Those who advocate for the sustainable use and management of natural resources including wildlife, water, air, and earth deposits, both -- renewable and non-renewable. | 5 | |
| 9266346201 | Welfare State | A system whereby the government undertakes to protect the health and well-being of its citizens, especially those in financial or social need, by means of grants, pensions, and other benefits. The foundations for the modern welfare state in the US were laid by the New Deal programs of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. | 6 | |
| 9266346202 | Liberalism | A viewpoint or ideology associated with free political institutions and religious toleration, as well as support for a strong role of government in regulating capitalism and constructing the welfare state. | 7 | |
| 9266346203 | Mass Media | Diversified mediatechnologies that are intended to reach a large audience by mass communication. | 8 | |
| 9266346204 | Harlem Renaissance Movement | A cultural, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem, New York, spanned the 1920s. During the time, it was known as the "New Negro Movement," named after the 1925 anthology by Alain Locke. | 9 | |
| 9266346205 | Freedom of Speech | The right to communicate one's opinions and ideas without fear of government retaliation or censorship. | 10 | |
| 9266346206 | The Great Migration | The movement of 6 million African-Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West that occurred between 1910 and 1970. | 11 | |
| 9266346207 | Imperialist | A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. | 12 | |
| 9266346208 | Self-determination | Free choice of one's own acts or states without external compulsion | 13 | |
| 9266346209 | Isolationism | A category of foreign policies institutionalized by leaders who asserted that their nations' best interests were best served by keeping the affairs of other countries at a distance. | 14 | |
| 9266346210 | Spanish-American War | A conflict fought between Spain and the United States in 1898. Hostilities began in the aftermath of sinking of the USS Maine in Havana harbor leading to American intervention in the Cuban War of Independence. | 15 | |
| 9266346211 | Treaty of Versailles | One of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. Signed on 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. | 16 | |
| 9266346212 | League of Nations | An intergovernmental organisation founded on 10 January 1920 as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. | 17 | |
| 9266346213 | Fascism | An authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization. | 18 | |
| 9266346214 | Totalitarianism | A political system where the state recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to regulate every aspect of public and private life wherever feasible. | 19 | |
| 9266346215 | Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor | December 7, 1941 "a date which will live in infamy." | 20 | |
| 9266346216 | Axis Powers | Germany, Italy, and Japan, which were allied before and during World War II. | 21 | |
| 9266346217 | Allied Powers | U.S., Britain, France, which were allied before and during World War II. | 22 | |
| 9266346218 | Nazi Concentration Camp | A guarded compound for the detention or imprisonment of aliens, members of ethnic minorities, political opponents. Primarily Jewish Europeans during WWII. | 23 | |
| 9266346219 | Holocaust | Also known as the Shoah, was a genocide in which Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany and its collaborators killed about six million Jews. | 24 | |
| 9266346220 | Internment of Japanese Americans | Forced relocation and incarceration in camps in the interior of the U.S. of between 110,000 and 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry who had lived on the Pacific coast. | 25 | |
| 9266346221 | Pacific "Island Hopping" | A military strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific War against Japan and the Axis powers during World War II. The idea was to bypass heavily fortified Japanese positions and instead concentrate the limited Allied resources on strategically important islands that were not well defended but capable of supporting the drive to the main islands of Japan. | 26 | |
| 9266346222 | D-Day | The landing operations on Tuesday, 6 June 1944 of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II | 27 | |
| 9266346223 | Atomic Bomb | A "fission" bomb dropped on Nagasaki and Hiroshima at the end of World War II. | 28 | |
| 9266346224 | Americanization | The process of assimilating American character, manner, ideals, culture, and so on. | 29 | |
| 9266346225 | sphere of influence | The territory of weaker states where a powerful state exercises the dominant control. | 30 | |
| 9266346226 | partition | In politics, the act of dividing a weaker territory or government among several more powerful states. | 31 | |
| 9266346227 | blue blood | Person descended from nobility or aristocracy. | 32 | |
| 9266346228 | bellicose | Disposed to fight or go to war. | 33 | |
| 9266346229 | preparedness | The accumulation of sufficient armed forces and materiel to go to war. | 34 | |
| 9266346230 | corollary | A secondary inference or deduction from a main proposition that is taken as established or proven. | 35 | |
| 9266346231 | banana republic | A disparaging term for the small nations of Central America, with particular reference to their political instability and poor, single-crop economies. | 36 | |
| 9266346232 | dictum | An authoritative edict or assertion. | 37 | |
| 9266346233 | preemptive | The prior appropriation of land or other goods, in order to prevent their appropriation by others. | 38 | |
| 9266346234 | progressive | In politics, one who believes in continuing progress, improvement, or reform. | 39 | |
| 9266346235 | exposé | A disclosure or revelation considered embarrassing to those involved. | 40 | |
| 9266346236 | direct primary | In politics, the nomination of a party's candidates for office through a special election of that party's voters. | 41 | |
| 9266346237 | initiative | In politics, the procedure whereby voters can, through petition, present proposed legislation directly to the electorate. | 42 | |
| 9266346238 | referendum | The submission of a law, proposed or already in effect, to a direct vote of the electorate. | 43 | |
| 9266346239 | recall | In politics, a procedure for removing an official from office through popular election or other means. | 44 | |
| 9266346240 | city manager | An administrator appointed by the city council or other elected body to manage affairs, supposedly in a nonpartisan or professional way. | 45 | |
| 9266346241 | slumlord | A landlord who owns and profits from slum properties, often by charging excessive rents or neglecting maintenance and repairs. | 46 | |
| 9266346242 | red-light district | A section of a city where prostitution is officially or unofficially tolerated. | 47 | |
| 9266346243 | franchise | In government, a special privilege or license granted to a company or group to perform a specific function. | 48 | |
| 9266346244 | negligence | In law, the failure to take a reasonable care, resulting in injury to another person. | 49 | |
| 9266346245 | reclamation | The process of bringing or restoring wasteland to productive use. | 50 | |
| 9266346246 | collectivism | A political or social system in which individuals are subordinated to mass organization and direction. | 51 | |
| 9266346247 | insubordination | Deliberate disobedience to proper authority. | 52 | |
| 9266346248 | entrepreneurship | The process whereby an individual initiates a business at some risk in order to expand it and thereby earn a profit. | 53 | |
| 9266346249 | self-determination | In politics, the right of a people to shape its own national identity and form og government, without outside coercion of influence. | 54 | |
| 9266346250 | piety | Devotion to religious duty and practices. | 55 | |
| 9266346251 | graduated income tax | A tax on income in which the taxation rates are progressively higher for those whit higher income. | 56 | |
| 9266346252 | levy | A forcible tax or other imposition. | 57 | |
| 9266346253 | inelasticity | The inability to expand or contract rapidly. | 58 | |
| 9266346254 | commercial paper | Any business document having monetary or exchangeable value. | 59 | |
| 9266346255 | promissory note | a written pledge to pay a certain person a specified sum of money at a certain time. (An IOU) | 60 | |
| 9266346256 | adulteration | Debasing a product or substance by substituting poor-quality components ingredients. | 61 | |
| 9266346257 | agricultural extension | The system of providing services and advice to farmers through dispersed local agents. | 62 | |
| 9266346258 | enclave | A small territory surrounded by foreign or hostile territory. | 63 | |
| 9266346259 | gringo | Contemptuous Latin American term for North Americans. | 64 | |
| 9266346260 | censor | An official who examines publications, mail, literature, and so forth in order to remove or prohibit the distribution of material deemed dangerous or offensive. | 65 | |
| 9266346261 | torpedo | To launch from a submarine or airplane a self-propelled underwater explosive designed to detonate on impact. | 66 | |
| 9266346262 | draft | In politics, to choose an individual to run for office without that person's prior solicitation of the nomination. | 67 | |
| 9266346263 | "Insular Cases" / Downes v. Bidwell (1901) | Confirmed the right of the federal government to place tariffs on goods entering the U. S. from U. S. Territories on the grounds that "the Constitution does not follow the flag." | 68 | |
| 9266346264 | Northern Securities Co. v. U. S. (1904) | Re-established the authority of the federal government to fight monopolies under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. | 69 | |
| 9266346265 | Lochner v. New York (1905) | Declared unconstitutional a New York act limiting the working hours of bakers due to a denial of the 14th Amendment rights. | 70 | |
| 9266346266 | Muller v. Oregon (1908) | First case to use the "Brandeis brief"; recognized a 10-hour work day for women laundry workers on the grounds of health and community concerns. | 71 | |
| 9266346267 | Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918) | Declared the Keating-Owen Act (a child labor act) unconstitutional on the grounds that it was an invasion of state authority. | 72 | |
| 9266346268 | Schenck v. U. S. (1919) | Unanimously upheld the Espionage Act of 1917 which declared that people who interfered with the war effort were subject to imprisonment; declared that the 1st Amendment right to freedom of speech was not absolute; free speech could be limited if its exercise presented a "clear and present danger." | 73 | |
| 9266346269 | Adkins v. Children's Hospital (1923) | Declared unconstitutional a minimum wage law for women on the grounds that it denied women freedom of contract. | 74 | |
| 9266346270 | "Insular Cases" / Downes v. Bidwell (1901) | Confirmed the right of the federal government to place tariffs on goods entering the U. S. from U. S. Territories on the grounds that "the Constitution does not follow the flag." | 75 | |
| 9266346271 | Northern Securities Co. v. U. S. (1904) | Re-established the authority of the federal government to fight monopolies under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. | 76 | |
| 9266346272 | Lochner v. New York (1905) | Declared unconstitutional a New York act limiting the working hours of bakers due to a denial of the 14th Amendment rights. | 77 | |
| 9266346273 | Muller v. Oregon (1908) | First case to use the "Brandeis brief"; recognized a 10-hour work day for women laundry workers on the grounds of health and community concerns. | 78 | |
| 9266346274 | Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918) | Declared the Keating-Owen Act (a child labor act) unconstitutional on the grounds that it was an invasion of state authority. | 79 | |
| 9266346275 | Schenck v. U. S. (1919) | Unanimously upheld the Espionage Act of 1917 which declared that people who interfered with the war effort were subject to imprisonment; declared that the 1st Amendment right to freedom of speech was not absolute; free speech could be limited if its exercise presented a "clear and present danger." | 80 | |
| 9266346276 | Adkins v. Children's Hospital (1923) | Declared unconstitutional a minimum wage law for women on the grounds that it denied women freedom of contract. | 81 | |
| 9266346277 | Schechter v. U. S. (1936) | Sometimes called "the sick chicken case." Unanimously declared the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) unconstitutional on three grounds: that the act delegated legislative power to the executive; that there was a lack of constitutional authority for such legislation; and that it sought to regulate businesses that were wholly intrastate in character. | 82 | |
| 9266346278 | Korematsu v. U. S. (1941) | The court upheld the constitutionality of detention camps for Japanese-Americans during World War 2. | 83 | |
| 9266346279 | Ex parte Endo (1944) | The court forbade the internment of Japanese-Americans born in the U. S. (Nisei) | 84 |
