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| 13747676572 | Context: Iron Curtain speech by Winston Churchill |  | 0 | |
| 13747676650 | Berlin Airlift | -Soviets blockaded Berlin -Closed off American sections so they could not receive supplies -tried to starve them out -Americans flew supplies into Berlin -Plane took off every 3 minutes -General Turner organized -Eventually Soviets ended the blockade (not quite a year) | 1 | |
| 13747676651 | NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization US and Western Europe and Canada Designed to contain Soviet Aggression | 2 | |
| 13747676652 | Warsaw Pact | Soviet Alliance in response to NATO USSR and 7 Eastern European nations | 3 | |
| 13747676653 | Truman Doctrine | -Truman agreed to help Europe rebuild -gave 400 million to Greece and Turkey -Part of his containment philosophy | 4 | |
| 13747676654 | Marshall Plan | -Sec of State's plan -aid any European nation in rebuilding post WWII -Soviet bloc nations did not accept $ -Containment | 5 | |
| 13747676655 | George Kennan | American diplomat that created the idea of containment | 6 | |
| 13747676656 | Mao Zedong | Leader of the Chinese Communists | 7 | |
| 13747676657 | Churchill | Man who gave the Iron Curtain speech | 8 | |
| 13747676658 | MacArthur | Led the American troops in Korea | 9 | |
| 13747676659 | George Marshall | Secretary of State that decided to send food and aid to Europe | 10 | |
| 13747676660 | Stalin | He was the totalitarian dictator of the Soviet Union from 1928 through 1953. | 11 | |
| 13747676661 | Eisenhower | American elected President at the end 1950 | 12 | |
| 13747676662 | Chiang Kai Shek | Leader of the Nationalists Chinese | 13 | |
| 13747676663 | Kim Il Sung | Leader of Communist North Korea | 14 | |
| 13747676664 | Truman | American President at the start of the Cold War | 15 | |
| 13747676665 | Remind Americans what to do in an air raid drill | What is the purpose of this cartoon? |  | 16 |
| 13747676666 | Describe the truths about the Korean War | -First U.S. military involvement without declaration of war. -Extensions of the Truman Doctrine. -First war sanctioned by the UN. -Example of limited war. -First example of a U.S. military leader not following orders | 17 | |
| 13747676667 | US Government | -capitalist -private property | 18 | |
| 13747676668 | USSR Government | -Communist -Government ownership of property -Dictatorship | 19 | |
| 13747676669 | Sphere of Influence | A region that is a puppet to it's super power | 20 | |
| 13747676670 | North Korea | -Communist -capital Pyongyang -influenced by Soviet Union | 21 | |
| 13747676671 | South Korea | -Capitalist and democracy -capital at Seoul -influenced by USA | 22 | |
| 13747676672 | What started the Korean War? | North Korea crossed the 38 parallel into South Korea | 23 | |
| 13747676673 | Within the first month of the Korean War, who was nearly defeated? | South Korea | 24 | |
| 13747676674 | Why was MacArthur removed from his leadership role? | -pushed too far north -ignored President Truman | 25 | |
| 13747676675 | Who won the Korean Conflict? | No land changed hands | 26 | |
| 13747676676 | Pusan | Where were the South Korean's cornered? |  | 27 |
| 13747676677 | Who had veto power on the UN Security Council? | WWII winners aka the Allies | 28 | |
| 13747676678 | When did China become involved in the Korean Conflict? | U.N. Troops crossed the Yalu River | 29 | |
| 13747676679 | Because of Chinese help, North Korea had more... | Soldiers | 30 | |
| 13747676681 | descriptors of the Cold War | -limited warfare -without direct fighting between the US and the USSR -a war of words and ideologies -a struggle between communism and democracies/capitalists -over 40 years long | 31 | |
| 13747676682 | Following WWII, Germany was divided into how many pieces? | 4 | 32 | |
| 13747676683 | South Korea was assisted by... | the United Nations and 16 countries | 33 | |
| 13747676684 | Red | Nickname for communists | 34 | |
| 13747676685 | Alger Hiss | Who was accused of spying by Whiittaker Chambers, but was only found guilty of perjury? | 35 | |
| 13747676687 | H-Bomb | -67 times more powerful than the A-Bomb -Exploded a year prior to the Soviets H-Bomb -"Hydrogen" -Used to threaten the USSR | 36 | |
| 13747676688 | Refused to testify | Hollywood Ten imprisoned because... | 37 | |
| 13747676689 | Middle East | In the Eisenhower Doctrine, the US promised to defend what region? | 38 | |
| 13747676690 | Spy plane | In the Cold War, a U-2 is a ? . | 39 | |
| 13747676691 | blacklist | A list of people not to be hired | 40 | |
| 13747676692 | Brinkmanship | The idea that the United States was willing to go to the edge of all-out war is called what? | 41 | |
| 13747676693 | State Department | McCarthy's claims in the 1950s included a list of spies in the ? . | 42 | |
| 13747676694 | Gary Powers | Who was shot down over the USSR while spying? | 43 | |
| 13747676695 | Sputnik | -Soviet Union launched Sputnik -First satellite in space -US sent up its first successful satellite nearly a year later | 44 | |
| 13747676696 | Army | McCarthy's downfall came when he accused who of housing Communists? | 45 | |
| 13747676697 | Rosenbergs | The first Americans civilians to be executed for treason were who? | 46 | |
| 13747676698 | Army McCarthy Hearings | This is the name given to the Senate hearings that investigated Senator Joseph McCarthy's conflicting accusations about a communist present in part of the U.S. military. | 47 | |
| 13747676699 | Checkpoint Charlie | This was the name given by the Western Allies to the best-known Berlin Wall crossing point between East Germany and West Germany during the Cold War. | 48 | |
| 13747676700 | Cohn | He was an American attorney who was Chief Counsel to Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy during the early-1950s. | 49 | |
| 13747676702 | Communist Bloc | This is the name given to European countries during the Cold War who were allied with the Soviet Union and its mutual defense organization, The Warsaw Pact. | 50 | |
| 13747676703 | Cuban Missile Crisis | This was a confrontation between the Soviet Union and the United States over nuclear missiles the Soviets had allegedly deployed to Cuba. | 51 | |
| 13747676704 | Domino Theory | This was the belief that if one land in a region came under the influence of communists, then more would follow. | 52 | |
| 13747676705 | Gorbachev | He was the last leader of the Soviet Union whose programs of perestroika (economic "restructuring") and glasnost (political "openness") loosened the restrictions on Soviet and Eastern European peoples. The result was the eventual collapse of the communist governments in the region. | 53 | |
| 13747676706 | HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee) | This is the name of the group in the House of Representatives that, in 1947, began hearings to expose communist infiltration in American life. Unfortunately, a good deal of the evidence they used was based on hearsay and conjecture, meaning innocent people were harmed by their findings. | 54 | |
| 13747676707 | Iron Curtain | This is a western name for the boundary which symbolically and physically divided Europe from the end of WWII until the end of the Cold War. | 55 | |
| 13747676708 | Khrushchev | He was the leader of the Soviet Union during the Bay of Pigs invasion, the construction of the Berlin Wall, and the Cuban Missile Crisis. | 56 | |
| 13747676709 | Bay of Pigs | The US trained and used Cuban exiles to defeat Fidel Castro | 57 | |
| 13747676788 | Ho Chi Minh | Communist leader of the Vietnam who formed the Vietminh and led the rebellion against the French. (1890-1969) Vietnamese leader who is responsible for ousting first the French, then the United States from his country. | 58 | |
| 13747676789 | Vietminh | Vietnamese communist supporters of Ho Chi Minh who fight the French and then the South Vietnamese & U.S. for control of all Vietnam. | 59 | |
| 13747676790 | Dien Bien Phu | The major deciding battle for control of Vietnam between the Vietminh and the French- with the French defeat Vietnam is declared independent by the Geneva Accords | 60 | |
| 13747676791 | 1954 Geneva Accords | Meeting to decide what will happen to Vietnam - result of French defeat at Dien Bien Phu. Vietnam is temporarily divided at the 17th parallel - North Vietnam controlled by Ho Chi Minh and the Vietminh with the support of Communist Soviet Union and China-- The South controlled by Pro-American President Ngo Dihn Diem. | 61 | |
| 13747676792 | 17th Parallel | The line decided on in the Geneva Conference between North Vietnam and South Vietnam. | 62 | |
| 13747676794 | Prime Minister Diem | Prime Minister of South Vietnam supported by the U.S.. Blocked National elections in Vietnam because he thought Ho Chi Minh would win and the South would become communist. | 63 | |
| 13747676795 | Advisors | U.S. ent people who helped train South Vietnamese soldiers and make plans or stratgies on how to fight the Vietminh and the Vietcong. | 64 | |
| 13747676796 | Vietcong | A communist political organization of guerrilla fighters in South Vietnam who are pro-communist and worked with the Vietminh to remove Diem, the U.S. and make South Vietnam communist like the North. | 65 | |
| 13747676797 | Agent Orange | A chemical that removes the leaves off of trees to expose the roads and troops to intelligence missions, rather than being under the cover of the jungle. | 66 | |
| 13747676798 | Maddox and Turner Joy | US ships that North Vietnamese supposedly torpedoed in the Gulf of Tonkin. | 67 | |
| 13747676799 | Gulf of Tonkin | The location of the supposed attack on the Maddox and Turner Joy. There was no apparent damage to either ships, and the destroyers were helping South Koreans attack North Korean targets. | 68 | |
| 13747676800 | Gulf of Tonkin Resoultion | Allowed the President to take all necessary measures to repel armed attacks on US forces. Gave al war powers to the president. | 69 | |
| 13747676801 | Gulf of Tonkin Resolution | The ability to do anything in defense of US troops. Granted to the President with the Gulf of Tonkin resolution. The president could send troops without officially declaring war. | 70 | |
| 13747676802 | Operation Rolling Thunder | A massive bombing of North Vietnam and the Ho Chi Minh Trail. Supposed to only last 8 weeks. It goes for 3 years. | 71 | |
| 13747676803 | Ho Chi Minh Trail | A network of jungle paths winding from North Vietnam through Laos and Cambodia into South Vietnam, used as a military route by North Vietnam to supply the Vietcong during the Vietnam War. | 72 | |
| 13747676804 | Pacification program | U.S. program that uprooted entire villages in South Vietnam and forced people to move to cities/refugee camps in order to deprive the Vietcong of their peasant support; this failed | 73 | |
| 13747676805 | Napalm | Jellied gasoline that explodes and causes them to ignite and burn. | 74 | |
| 13747676807 | Democratic Presidential Convention in Chicago | At the Convention in Chicago to announce the candidates running for president a major protest of the war took place. Some Americans want the candidates to promise an end to the war. Inside the convention Democrats picking a candidate, outside police are beating up protesters, | 75 | |
| 13747676808 | Vietnamization | Nixon has promised to end the war and remove American troops from South Vietnam and replace them with trained South Vietnamese troops- this was called | 76 | |
| 13747676809 | Peace With honor | Withdraw of US troops from Vietnam but with honor was a phrase Nixon used during him campaign. Nixon's intention was to maintain U.S dignity in the face of its withdrawal from war. A further goal as to preserve U.S control at the negotiation table. Nixon secretly ordered a massive bombing campaign against supply routes and bases North of Vietnam. | 77 | |
| 13747676810 | My Lai Incident | American troops are on patrol & were searching for Vietcong. They enter this village where they think the people have been hiding and supporting the Vietcong. The US soldiers kill between 400 and 500 people mainly women and children. The American public is shocked and demand an end to the war. | 78 | |
| 13747676710 | Soviet Union and China | What 2 countries supported Ho Chi Minh and the Vietminh | 79 | |
| 13747676711 | What was the plan for Vietnam according to the Geneva Accords | The Accords called for elections within 2 years to unify the nation. Diem refused to hold elections for fear Vietnam would become communist if Ho Chi Minh won the elections. The U.S. support Diem | 80 | |
| 13747676712 | Cold War | A state of political and military tension after World War II between powers in the Western Bloc and powers in the Eastern Bloc. Historians do not fully agree on the dates, but 1947-91 is common. |  | 81 |
| 13747676713 | authoritarian | A form of government characterized by strong central power and limited political freedoms. |  | 82 |
| 13747676714 | communist | A political system focused on creating a socioeconomic order structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money, and the state. Purists of the communist movement also advocated for a violent overthrow of the upper class by the lower classes in order to create such a society. |  | 83 |
| 13747676715 | free-market economy | A system in which the prices for goods and services are set freely by consent between vendors and consumers, in which the laws and forces of supply and demand are free from any intervention by a government, price-setting monopoly, or other authority. |  | 84 |
| 13747676716 | collective security | A type of coalition building strategy in which a group of nations agrees not to attack each other and to defend each other against an attack from one of the others, if such an attack is made. |  | 85 |
| 13747676717 | Détente | A French term often used in reference to the general easing of the geo-political tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States which began in 1969, as a foreign policy of U.S. presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford called détente; a "thawing out" or "un-freezing" at a period roughly in the middle of the Cold War. |  | 86 |
| 13747676718 | ICBM | Inter-continental Ballistic Missile - a ballistic missile with a minimum range of more than 5,500 kilometers (3,400 mi) primarily designed for nuclear weapons delivery (delivering one or more nuclear warheads). |  | 87 |
| 13747676719 | SALT Talks | Two rounds of bilateral conferences and corresponding international treaties involving the United States and the Soviet Union—the Cold War superpowers—on the issue of armament control. The two rounds of talks and agreements were SALT I and SALT II. |  | 88 |
| 13747676720 | Tet Offensive | One of the largest military campaigns of the Vietnam War, launched on January 30, 1968, by forces of the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese People's Army of Vietnam against the forces of the South Vietnamese Army of the Republic of Vietnam, the United States, and their allies. A campaign of surprise attacks against military and civilian commands and control centers throughout South Vietnam |  | 89 |
| 13747676721 | Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) | A student activist movement in the United States that was one of the main representations of the New Left. The organization developed and expanded rapidly in the mid-1960s before dissolving at its last convention in 1969. |  | 90 |
| 13747676722 | Martin Luther King, Jr. | An American Baptist minister, activist, humanitarian, and leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. |  | 91 |
| 13747676723 | nonviolent resistance | The practice of achieving goals such as social change through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, satyagraha, or other methods, without using violence. Common examples: Boycotts, Sit-ins |  | 92 |
| 13747676724 | boycott | To withdraw from commercial or social relations with (a country, organization, or person) as a punishment or protest. |  | 93 |
| 13747676725 | sit-In | A form of direct action that involves one or more people occupying an area for a protest, often to promote political, social, or economic change. |  | 94 |
| 13747676726 | Executive Order 9981 | Issued by President Harry S. Truman on July 26, 1948. It abolished racial discrimination in the United States Armed Forces and eventually led to the end of segregation in the services. |  | 95 |
| 13747676727 | Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954, Warren) | Unanimous decision declaring the "separate but equal" clause of the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling unconstitutional. |  | 96 |
| 13747676728 | Civil Rights Act of 1964 | A landmark piece of civil rights legislation in the United States[5] that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. |  | 97 |
| 13747676729 | The Great Society | A set of domestic programs in the United States launched by Democratic President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964-65. The main goal was the elimination of poverty and racial injustice. |  | 98 |
| 13747676730 | The Baby Boom | (1946-1964) The period of time when the number of annual births exceeded 2 per 100 women (or approximately 1% of the total population size) in the United States. |  | 99 |
| 13747676731 | social mobility | The movement of individuals, families, households, or other categories of people within or between layers or tiers in an open system of social stratification. |  | 100 |
| 13747676732 | suburb | A residential area or a mixed use area, either existing as part of a city or urban area or as a separate residential community within commuting distance of a city. |  | 101 |
| 13747676733 | Sun Belt | A region of the United States generally considered to stretch across the Southeast and Southwest (the geographic southern United States). Another rough boundary of the region is the area south of the 36th parallel, north latitude. |  | 102 |
| 13747676734 | Counterculture | A subculture whose values and norms of behavior differ substantially from those of mainstream society, often in opposition to mainstream cultural mores. Such opinions became more visible and popular, especially in the 1960s and early 1970s in response to the Vietnam War. |  | 103 |
| 13747676735 | Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) | Extends to the defendant the right of counsel in all state and federal criminal trials regardless of their ability to pay. |  | 104 |
| 13747676736 | Escobedo v. Illinois (1964) | Ruled that a defendant must be allowed access to a lawyer before questioning by police. |  | 105 |
| 13747676737 | Miranda v. Arizona (1966) | The court ruled that those subjected to in-custody interrogation be advised of their constitutional right to an attorney and their right to remain silent. |  | 106 |
| 13747676738 | Roe v. Wade (1973) | The court legalized abortion by ruling that state laws could not restrict it during the first three months of pregnancy. Based on 4th Amendment rights of a person to be secure in their persons. |  | 107 |
| 13747676739 | Dwight D. Eisenhower | A World War II hero and former supreme commander of NATO who became U.S. president in 1953 after easily defeating Democratic opponent Adlai E. Stevenson. |  | 108 |
| 13747676740 | Dixiecrats | Conservative southern Democrats who objected to President Truman's strong push for civil-rights legislation. Southern Democrats who broke from the party in 1948 over the issue of civil rights and ran a presidential ticket as the States' Rights Democrats with J. Strom Thurmond of South Carolina as a canidate. |  | 109 |
| 13747676743 | Joseph McCarthy | The senator of Wisconsin; he charged 205 State Department employees, and accused them of being communist party members, but they were never proven. Eventually he came across as a bully, and his popularity plunged. |  | 110 |
| 13747676744 | Soviet Union | A Communist nation, consisting of Russia and 14 other states, that existed from 1922 to 1991. |  | 111 |
| 13747676745 | Containment | A U.S. foreign policy adopted by President Harry Truman in the late 1940s, in which the United States tried to stop the spread of communism by creating alliances and helping weak countries to resist Soviet advances. |  | 112 |
| 13747676746 | NSC-68 | A National Security Council document, approved by President Truman in 1950, developed in response to the Soviet Union's growing influence and nuclear capability; it called for an increase in the US conventional and nuclear forces to carry out the policy of containment. |  | 113 |
| 13747676747 | Domino Theory | A theory that if one nation comes under Communist control, then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control. |  | 114 |
| 13747676748 | Martin Luther King, Jr. | U.S. Baptist minister and civil rights leader. A noted orator, he opposed discrimination against blacks by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass demonstrations. He was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. Nobel Peace Prize (1964) |  | 115 |
| 13747676749 | Malcolm X | Minister of the Nation of Islam, urged blacks to claim their rights by any means necessary, more radical than other civil rights leaders of the time. |  | 116 |
| 13747676750 | Little Rock Nine | In September 1957 the school board in Little rock, Arkansas, won a court order to admit nine African American students to Central High a school with 2,000 white students. The governor ordered troops from Arkansas National Guard to prevent the nine from entering the school. The next day as the National Guard troops surrounded the school, an angry white mob joined the troops to protest the integration plan and to intimidate the AA students trying to register. The mob violence pushed Eisenhower's patience to the breaking point. He immediately ordered the US Army to send troops to Little Rock to protect and escort them for the full school year. |  | 117 |
| 13747676751 | Voting Rights Act of 1965 | A law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African American suffrage. Under the law, hundreds of thousands of African Americans were registered and the number of African American elected officials increased dramatically. |  | 118 |
| 13747676753 | John F. Kennedy | 35th President of the United States 35th President of the United States; only president to have won a Pulitzer Prize; events during his administration include the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the building of the Berlin Wall, the Space Race, the African American Civil Rights Movement and early events of the Vietnam War; assassinated in Dallas, TX in 1963 |  | 119 |
| 13747676754 | Election of 1960 | Brought about the era of political television. Between Kennedy and Nixon. Issues centered around the Cold War and economy. Kennedy argued that the nation faces serious threats from the soviets. Nixon countered that the US was on the right track under the current administration. Kennedy won by a narrow margin. |  | 120 |
| 13747676755 | Kent State Shootings | Incident in which National Guard troops fired at a group of students during an antiwar protest at Kent State University in Ohio, killing four people. |  | 121 |
| 13747676756 | Golf of Tonkin Resolution | Bill passed in 1964 that gave President Johnson authority to take "all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against forces of the U.S." after an alleged attack on a naval vessel off the coast of Vietnam. It gave Johnson the ability to send over a large amount of combat troops to Vietnam. |  | 122 |
| 13747676757 | War Powers Act | 1973. A resolution of Congress that stated the President can only send troops into action abroad by authorization of Congress or if America is already under attack or serious threat. |  | 123 |
| 13747676758 | Richard Nixon | Elected President in 1968 and 1972 representing the Republican party. He was responsible for getting the United States out of the Vietnam War by using "Vietnamization", which was the withdrawal of 540,000 troops from South Vietnam for an extended period. He was responsible for the Nixon Doctrine. Was the first President to ever resign, due to the Watergate scandal. |  | 124 |
| 13747676759 | New Conservatism | This mostly republican political movement started as a reaction to the New Deal policies of the 1930's. Its goal was to reduce the role of government. |  | 125 |
| 13747676760 | Iron Curtain | A term popularized by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill to describe the Soviet Union's policy of isolation during the Cold War. The barrier isolated Eastern Europe from the rest of the world. |  | 126 |
| 13747676761 | Fair Deal | An economic extension of the New Deal proposed by Harry Truman that called for higher minimum wage, housing and full employment. It led only to the Housing Act of 1949 and the Social Security Act of 1950 due to opposition in congress. |  | 127 |
| 13747676762 | Rosenberg Trial | The controversial 1951 trial of two Americans, Ethel and Julius Rosenberg, charged with passing atomic secrets to the Soviet Union; the two were sentenced to death and executed in 1953, making them the only American civilians to be put to death for spying during the Cold War. |  | 128 |
| 13747676763 | Rollback | A strategy that called for liberating countries that were under Soviet dominion. | | 129 |
| 13747676764 | House Un-American Activities Committee | The House of Representatives established the Committee on Un-American Activities, popularly known as "HUAC," in order to investigate "subversion." Represented the political group associated with McCarthy's anti-communism. |  | 130 |
| 13747676765 | Interstate Act | The largest public works project in the US history in acted during the Eisenhower administration it was designed for military and economic purposes. |  | 131 |
| 13747676766 | Suez Crisis | Nasser took over the Suez Canal to show separation of Egypt from the West, but Israel, the British, Iraq, and France were all against Nasser's action. The U.S. stepped in before too much serious fighting began. |  | 132 |
| 13747676767 | Massive Retaliation | The "new look" defense policy of the Eisenhower administration of the 1950's was to threaten "massive retaliation" with nuclear weapons in response to any act of aggression by a potential enemy. |  | 133 |
| 13747676768 | U-2 Incident | The incident when an American U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union. The U.S. denied the true purpose of the plane at first, but was forced to when the U.S.S.R. produced the living pilot and the largely intact plane to validate their claim of being spied on aerially. The incident worsened East-West relations during the Cold War and was a great embarrassment for the United States. |  | 134 |
| 13747676769 | Levvitown | Post-WWII Suburban areas that were practically factory made and then put together which each house look the same. |  | 135 |
| 13747676770 | Operation Wetback | Program which apprehended and returned some one million illegal immigrants to Mexico - end of the Braceros program started during WWII. |  | 136 |
| 13747676771 | Affluent Society | Term used by economist John Kenneth Galbraith to describe the American economy in the 1950s, during which time many Americans joined the middle class and became enraptured with appliances and homes in the suburbs. |  | 137 |
| 13747676772 | Beats | Young people, many of whom were writers and artists, who discussed their dissatisfaction with the American society of the 1950s. |  | 138 |
| 13747676773 | Hippies | Members of the youthful counterculture that dominated many college campuses in the 1960s; rather than promoting a political agenda, they challenged conventional sexual standards, rejected traditional economic values, and encouraged the use of drugs. | | 139 |
| 13747676774 | Betty Frieden | Author of The Feminine Mystique (1963) she spoke out against women seeking fulfillment solely as wives and mothers and wanted women to "establish goals that will permit them to find their own identity." |  | 140 |
| 13747676775 | Warren Court | The Supreme Court during the period when Earl Warren was chief justice, noted for its activism in the areas of civil rights and free speech. |  | 141 |
| 13747676776 | CORE | Congress of Racial Equality, and organization founded in 1942 that worked for black civil rights. |  | 142 |
| 13747676777 | NAACP | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination, to oppose racism and to gain civil rights for African Americans, got Supreme Court to declare grandfather clause unconstitutional. |  | 143 |
| 13747676778 | SCLC | The Southern Christian Leadership Conference is an African-American civil rights organization. SCLC, which is closely associated with its first president, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., had a large role in the American Civil Rights Movement. |  | 144 |
| 13747676779 | Freedom rides | 1961 event organized by CORE and SNCC in which an interracial group of civil rights activists tested southern states' compliance to the Supreme Court ban of segregation on interstate buses. |  | 145 |
| 13747676780 | SNCC | (Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee) a group established in 1960 to promote and use non-violent means to protest racial discrimination; they were the ones primarily responsible for creating the sit-in movement. | | 146 |
| 13747676781 | March on Washington | In August 1963, civil rights leaders organized a massive rally in Washington to urge passage of President Kennedy's civil rights bill. The high point came when MLK Jr., gave his "I Have a Dream" speech to more than 200,000 marchers in front of the Lincoln Memorial. |  | 147 |
| 13747676782 | Black Power | A slogan used to reflect solidarity and racial consciousness, used by Malcolm X. It meant that equality could not be given, but had to be seized by a powerful, organized Black community. |  | 148 |
| 13747676783 | Black Panthers | A black political organization that was against peaceful protest and for violence if needed. The organization marked a shift in policy of the black movement, favoring militant ideals rather than peaceful protest. |  | 149 |
| 13747676784 | Cesar Chavez | Non-violent leader of the United Farm Workers from 1963-1970. Organized laborers in California and in the Southwest to strike against fruit and vegetable growers. Unionized Mexican-American farm workers. |  | 150 |
| 13747676785 | Elvis Presley | 1950s; a symbol of the rock-and-roll movement of the 50s when teenagers began to form their own subculture, dismaying to conservative parents; created a youth culture that ridiculed phony and pretentious middle-class Americans, celebrated uninhibited sexuality and spontaneity; foreshadowed the coming counterculture of the 1960s. |  | 151 |
| 13747676786 | Equal Rights Amendment | A constitutional amendment originally introduced in Congress in 1923 and passed by Congress in 1972, stating that "equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex." Despite public support, the amendment failed to acquire the necessary support from three-fourths of the state legislatures. |  | 152 |
| 13747676787 | Silent Spring | A book written (Rachel Carson) to voice the concerns of environmentalists. Launched the environmentalist movement by pointing out the effects of civilization development. | 153 |
