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| 6113145939 | Muckraker | Muckrakers were journalists who exposed corruption in business and politics. These journalists in the 1800's made it their job to anger readers. They helped end the Gilded Age. Although, they were only criticizing the many major companies they also had specific ideas to solve the problems which spurned the nation to fix these problems. | 0 | |
| 6113146812 | Jacob Riis | Jacob Riis was a Muckraker who described the life of workers in New York slums through his book "How The Other Half Lives." This book became an important push for muckraking which started in the 1900's. He helped show people what was the devastated life of workers and helped inspire people like Theodore Roosevelt who later took this to heart in starting to reform the country. Jacob Riis is known for starting muckraking journalism. | 1 | |
| 6113146813 | Upton Sinclair | Upton Sinclair is also a muckraker who showed his readers the unhealthy styles in factories. He wrote a fictional novel called, "The Jungle" which described unhealthy habits in the meat packing industry in Chicago. This shocked his readers who then wanted reform in the industry. His book helped inspire pro-consumer to regulate meat, food, drugs. | 2 | |
| 6113148251 | McClure's Magazine | McClure's Magazine was an American popular magazine which exposed the corruption in the cities to the readers. Many muckrakers like Lincoln Steffens and Ida Tarbell got their start through this magazine. They helped grab a mass audience for many muckrakers. This popular helped start muckraking journalism. | 3 | |
| 6113149617 | Lincoln Steffens | Lincoln Steffens was a muckraker who worked for McClure's magazine. He condemned the mismanagement of city governments. He wrote the book, " The Shame of the Cities" which was a collection of articles wrote by Steffens which exposed the workings of political bosses in several American cities. He helped build support for reforms. | 4 | |
| 6113149618 | Ida Tarbell | Ida Tarbell was a muckraker who worked with Steffens and McClure's Magazine spending 6 years exposing John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil's ruthless treatment to competitors, the government, and the public. She wrote "The History of the Standard Oil" which exposed the Rockefeller's company and was credited by New York University to be the 5th best book at the time. Her writings against the company broke up the Standard Oil's monopoly. She helped strengthened the idea of ending monopolies. | 5 | |
| 6113152153 | the "Golden Rule" | The "Golden Rule" is do unto others as you would have them do unto you. It was used by Samuel M. Jones a Welsh businessman in Toledo, Ohio. He gave his workers fair treatment like paid vacations and 8-hour work days. He used this rule as a platform to run for mayor. | 6 | |
| 6113153581 | Triangle Shirtwaist Co. Fire | The Triangle Shirtwaist Co. fire was an industrial disaster in the history of the city of New York, causing the death of 146 female workers who either died from the fire or jumped to their deaths. Caused many women's rights activist to protest for reform. The fire led to legislation requiring improved factory safety standards and helped spur the growth of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, which fought for safer and better working conditions for sweatshop workers in that industry. It also strengthened the argument for women's rights. | 7 | |
| 6113156303 | "Wisconsin Idea" | The Wisconsin Idea was a reform system created by the state's progressives to do away with monopolies, trusts, high costs of living, and predatory wealth.It also passed the first income tax and corporate tax. Reforms in labor and worker's rights were one of the major aspects of the Wisconsin Idea. It also passed The Idea was developed by Robert La Follette, Governor and later Senator from Wisconsin. | 8 | |
| 6113157143 | City Commisson | Is a city choosing 5 citizens elected by citizens to run the city. They were not politicians, but mainly people who doctors, lawyers, or business people. They would meet few evenings to make decisions for the city. The city of Galveston, Texas used this type of reform after they were hit by a hurricane in 1990. However, corruption was still their since political machines could bribe them to make decisions that would benefit them. | 9 | |
| 6113157144 | City Manager | City managers are people who are hired by the city to run the city. City managers were experts in technical fields such as engineering. They understood the problems that the cities faced. However, highly paid and have few links with political leaders, they would insulated with bribes or other forms of corruption. | 10 | |
| 6113158801 | San Francisco Fire | Started by an earthquake at 5:12 am on April 18th, 1906. The earthquake caused a fire that burned most of the city. Many people saw this as an opportunity to rebuild the city in a new. They built the buildings more fire proof and sturdier so less damage can happen when another earthquake happens. | 11 | |
| 6113158802 | Initiative and Referendum | Initiative gave voters power to create a bill and present it. In this way voters would force lawmakers to deal with difficult issues. Referendum made the public to vote on bills passed by legislature. Controversial bills like tax increases could be put in public vote before it becomes a law. Oregon was the first state to use these reforms in 1902. | 12 | |
| 6113163271 | Recall | Recall is when the people can petition and vote to have an elected official removed from office. These all made elected officials more responsible and sensitive to the needs of the people, and part of the movement to make government more efficient and scientific. It helped expand voters' power to vote fro their representatives. Oregon used this reform in 1902. | 13 | |
| 6113164105 | Direct Primary | Direct Primaries gave party members the chance to choose their party members. It was introduced by Robert LaFollette during his tenure as Governor of Wisconsin. Progressives believed that this way more people would come into politics making the country more democratic. It helped accomplish many goals for progressives. | 14 | |
| 6113169378 | Business license | Progressive city governments passed laws requiring businessmen who want to work for the city to apply for a license. The applicant would provide their name, address, and a small license fee. If the business tries to cheat their customers then the city will not renew their license. The practice of licensing would continue throughout the 20th century keeping businesses regulated and helped stopped the creation of monopolies. | 15 | |
| 6113165407 | Holden v. Hardy | The state of Utah a bill phobitting workers working in hazardous industries for more than 8hour work days. This angered the business leaders and took them to court. The Supreme court sided with the state stating it was constitutional giving workers 8 hour work days. This was the first time the Court has approved a law limiting working hours. | 16 | |
| 6113166024 | 16th Amendment | The 16th amendment gave Congress the power to tax income. Progressives liked the idea because it would take money from the wealthy and give it to the government who who create projects that would benefit all people. Income tax became the fact of life for the American people. It was one of the first progressive amendments. | 17 | |
| 6113166951 | 17th Amendment | The 17th amendment allowed calls for the direct election of senators by the voters instead of their election by state legislatures. Progressives felt that senators should be chosen just as members of the House of Representatives. They believed it would give voters more power and cut down corruption in the Senate. This kept the political bosses from getting too much power in governments. | 18 | |
| 6113166952 | 18th Amendment | The 18th Amendment prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages. This amendment was passed by the help of the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and the Anti-Saloon League where prohibitionists protested for prohibition.More support came when America joined World War I as prohibitionists argued that it would support soldiers oversees by stop the use of alcohol. They also argued that it would make American workers more efficient. | 19 | |
| 6113169379 | National Women Suffrage Association | American women's rights organization was established by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony in May of 1890.They pushed for federal government reforms for women's equality like voting. They even tried to vote at occasions, but were arrested for voter fraud.This and other groups led to the nineteenth amendment, women's suffrage. | 20 | |
| 6113175585 | Women Suffrage Association | Is an American women's rights organization that was established by Lucy Stone in 1869. They favored lobbying in the states rather than in Washington D.C. As the federal government denied women's rights many people saw that Stone and the WSA were right. In 1890, NWSA and WSA joined forces. | 21 | |
| 6113178633 | 19th Amendment - Susan B. Anthony | The 19th amendment allowed women the right to vote. The amendement was passed by the help of new generation activists like Alice Paul and Carrie Chapman Catt. The created the National Women's Party where they picketed in front of the White House for voting rights, however they arrested and treated cruelly like force feeding when they go in hunger strikes. With the help of Congress and President Wilson the states ratified the amendment in 1920 and became a law. It is also known as the Susan B. Anthony amendment. | 22 |
