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| 737897038 | Attack on Manchuria 1931 | Japanese expansion in China culminated in the outright annexation of Manchuria. The Japanese claimed that the chinese attacked first, thus justifying Japanese annexation of Manchuria. This began a chain of events that led ot WWII in the Pacific. | |
| 737897039 | Hoover-Stimson Doctrine 1932 | This was the U.S. response to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. It stated that the U.S. would not recognize any territory seized by force. | |
| 737897040 | Cordell Hull | United States diplomat who did the groundwork for creating the United Nations (1871-1955) | |
| 737897041 | Hawes-Cutting Act 1933 | This act gave the Philippines independence in ten years, but allowed the U.S. to retain military and naval bases on the islands. | |
| 737897042 | Montevideo Conference 1933 | Secretary of State Hull joined with other North and South American nations in accepting a pact that denied any country the right to intervene in the affairs of another country | |
| 737897043 | Rio de Janeiro Conference 1933 | Meeting of 19 American republics, in which the American treaty of reciprocal Assistance was signed, committing each republic to assist another in times of any attack or if an American republic were threatened by a situation not involving an armed attack, members would meet and decide necessary actions to be taken | |
| 737897044 | Tydings-McDuffie Act 1934 | provided for the independence of Philippines after a 12 year period of econimc, political tutelage | |
| 737897045 | Nye Committee 1934-1936 | This committee discovered that during WWI, bankers accumulated vast profits as a result of the war. Caused many people to regret having entered WWI and becoming isolationists. | |
| 737897046 | Merchants of Death | Liberal isolationists' term for companies which manufactured armaments. They felt that the companies were undermining national interests by assisting agressor nations. | |
| 737897047 | Buenos Aires Conference 1936 | Meeting of the American republics where the United States agreed to give up some of its intervention rights in Latin America. Demonstrated the unity of the nations of the Western Hemisphere in the face of European conflict. | |
| 737897048 | Spanish Civil War, Franco 1936 | This was a civil war between the Republicans and Nationalists and was caused by the Nationalists. The middle and lower classes and the Russians supported the Republicans while the fascist Francisco Franco and the Nationalists were supported by Germany, Italy, the aristocracy, the Catholic Church and the Spanish Army. The Nationalists were victorious. | |
| 737897049 | Ethiopia, Selassi | He was the emperor of this country who pledged with the League of Nations to save his country from Italy's aggression | |
| 737897050 | Sino-Japanese War 1937 | Japan's invasion of Manchuria started not only this war, but WWII. Coastal China was given to Japan as an appeasement after the war. Japan thought China would surrender quickly; Japan would achieve dominance in the region. China refused to submit to the Japanese. | |
| 737897051 | Panay Incident 1937 | Japanese bombers engaged in war with China bombed and sank the marked U.S. gunboat Panay and three Standard Oil ships, which were evacuating American officials from China. Japan accepted responsibilities of bombing the ships, made a formal apology and promised indemnities later set at $2 million. | |
| 737897052 | Quarantine Speech 1937 | An important speech delivered by Franklin Roosevelt in which he called for "positive endeavors" to "quarantine" land-hungry dictators, presumably through economic embargos. The speech flew in the face of isolationist politicians. | |
| 737897053 | Lima Conference 1938 | Another conference before WWII, the Lima Conference adopted the Declaration of Lima, and also restated the sovereignty of the American states; Additionally, it expressed the U.S. determination to resist "all foreign intervention or activities that may threaten them." | |
| 737897054 | Declaration of Panama 1939 | Adopted at Panama city by the foreign ministers of the American Republics, sixteen resolutions were passed to deal with the outbreak of war in Europe. Resolution no. XIV entitled "Declaration of Panama," stated that American waters should be free of hostilities from non-belligerent nations. | |
| 737897055 | Act of Havana 1940 | The act was created to prevent the transfer to European colonies to Germany in the western hemisphere. It stated that the American Republics would take over and administer any European possession in the New World endangered by aggression. It was unanimously approved by the Pan American Nations. | |
| 737897056 | Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies | 1940 - Formed by isolationists who believed that the U.S. could avoid going to war by giving aid in the form of supplies and money to the Allies, who would fight the war for us. | |
| 737897057 | America First Committee | A committee organized by isolationists before WWII, who wished to spare American lives. They wanted to protect America before we went to war in another country. Charles A. Lindbergh (the aviator) was its most effective speaker. | |
| 737897058 | Benito Mussolini | Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943). He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935), joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy. (p. 786) | |
| 737897059 | Adolf Hitler | This dictator was the leader of the Nazi Party. He believed that strong leadership was required to save Germanic society, which was at risk due to Jewish, socialist, democratic, and liberal forces. | |
| 737897060 | Nazism | the fascist policies of the National Socialist German Workers' party, based on totalitarianism, a belief in racial superiority, and state control of industry. | |
| 737897061 | Final Solution | the Nazi Party's plan to murder the entire Jewish population of Europe and the Soviet Union | |
| 737897062 | Munich Conference, appeasement 1938 | Politicians from France, Germany and England met in Munich because Hitler had demanded the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia. He received this land because he promised not to take any more land. This promise was broken when Germany invaded Czechoslovakia. | |
| 737897063 | Austrian Anschluss 1938 | This was the annexation of Austria in 1938 by Germany. | |
| 737897064 | Invasion of Poland 1939 | Germany invaded, breaking their agreement, so Britain and France declared war, starting World War II. | |
| 737897065 | Blitzkrieg | "Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland n 1939 | |
| 737897066 | Charles de Gaulle | French general and statesman who became very popular during World War II as the leader of the Free French forces in exile (1890-1970) | |
| 737897067 | Axis and Allied Powers | these two powers were opposing alliances during world war II. the axis powers included germany, italy, and japan. the allied powers were the u.s., great britain, france, russia and other countries opposed to the axis. | |
| 737897068 | Cash and Carry | policy adopted by the United States in 1939 to preserve neutrality while aiding the Allies. Britain and France could buy goods from the United States if they paid in full and transported them. | |
| 737897069 | Destroyer Deal | 1940 - U.S. agreed to "lend" its older destroyers to Great Britain. (Destroyers were major warships that made up the bulk of most countries' navies.) Signaled the end of U.S. neutrality in the war. | |
| 737897070 | Lend-Lease Act 1941 | the name of the program under which the United States of America supplied the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, China, France and other Allied nations with vast amounts of war material between 1941 and 1945 in return for, in the case of Britain, military bases in Newfoundland, Bermuda, and the British West Indies. | |
| 737897071 | Pearl Harbor 1941 | attack in the United States which prompted the US to join WWII. It was undertaken only after serious consideration by Japanese authorities and chose to start a war rather than have to avoid angering the unfriendly US. | |
| 737897072 | Stalingrad 1942 | The German advance into Russia was stopped at Stalingrad by the cold and cruel Russian winter and stiff Russian resistance. With the German defeat at Stalingrad, Hitler lost all hope of defeating Russia. | |
| 737897073 | El Alamein 1942 | The German army was headed towards the Suez Canal to choke off British supplies but General Montgomery successfully defeated General Erwin Rommel, "the Desert Fox" at El Alamein, west of Cairo. | |
| 737897074 | Executive Order #9066 | 2/19/42; 112,000 Japanese-Americans forced into camps causing loss of homes & businesses, 600K more renounced citizenship; demonstrated fear of Japanese invasion | |
| 737897075 | War Production Board (WPB) | created by FDR in January 1942 to increase military production; directed the conversion of existing factories to wartime production and supervised the building of new plants; assigned raw materials to industry, including scrap iron from factories and recyclable aluminum, paper, tin, and other items from homes | |
| 737897076 | Office of War Mobilization (OWM) | created on May 27, 1943; coordinated all gov't agencies involved in the war effort; directed by James F. Byrnes, who wielded such power that he was often called the assistant president; coordinated the production and distribution of consumer goods | |
| 737897077 | Office of Price Administrations (OPA) | (August 28, 1941) Established in the Office for emergency Management of the United States government. Designed to control prices and rents in the United States following the outbreak of World War two. | |
| 737897078 | Eisenhower and MacArthur | _____ was Commander of Allied Forces in the European theater while _____ was Commander of the Allied Forces in the Pacific | |
| 737897079 | Second Front | the invasion of western Europe by the U.S ,British, and French in 1944. This invasion was to take presure off the Russians and divide the Germans. It was established by the D-Day Invasion. | |
| 737897080 | D-Day, 6/6/1944 | June 6, 1944 - Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in history) stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France. The turning point of World War II. | |
| 737897081 | Battle of the Bulge 12/16/1944 | December, 1944-January, 1945 - After recapturing France, the Allied advance became stalled along the German border. In the winter of 1944, Germany staged a massive counterattack in Belgium and Luxembourg which pushed a 30 mile "bulge" into the Allied lines. The Allies stopped the German advance and threw them back across the Rhine with heavy losses. | |
| 737897082 | Winston Churchill | A noted British statesman who led Britain throughout most of World War II and along with Roosevelt planned many allied campaigns. He predicted an iron curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West. | |
| 737897083 | Joseph Stalin | Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953) | |
| 737897084 | Atlantic Charter 1941 | World War II alliance agreement between the United States and Britain; included a clause that recognized the right of all people to choose the form of government under which they live; indicated sympathy for decolonization | |
| 737897085 | Casablanca Conference 1943 | In the middle of the North African campaign, Roosevelt and Churchill met at Casablanca and resolved to attack Italy before invading France. They also vowed to pursue the war until the unconditional surrender of the Axis power, and tried to reduce Soviet mistrust of the west. | |
| 737897086 | Unconditional Surrender | giving up to an enemy without any demands or requests; an announcement by FDR with Churchill's endorsement that the war would end only with this. The conquered governments would be no longer, no compromise could be reached. Later people believe that this stiffened enemy resistance | |
| 737897087 | Cairo Conference 1943 | FDR met with Churchill and Chiang Kai-shek, the head of the Chinese government. FDR promised Chiang that Manchuria and Taiwan would be returned to China and that Korea would be free with the hope that Chiang would fight until Japan surrendered unconditionally. | |
| 737897088 | Tehran Conference 1943 | WWII conference between Stalin, FDR, and Churchill; its purpose was to develop a strategy for war against the Axis (open a second front) | |
| 737897089 | Hideki Tojo | This general was premier of Japan during World War II while this man was dictator of the country. He gave his approval for the attack on Pearl Harbor and played a major role in Japan's military decisions until he resigned in 1944 | |
| 737897090 | Emperor Hirohito | Emperor of Japan during WWII. his people viewed him as a god | |
| 737897091 | Coral Sea | Crucial naval battle which stopped the Japanese march across the Pacific, first time all fighting was done by carrier based aircraft | |
| 737897092 | Midway 1942 | A pivotal naval battle fought near the island of Midway on June 3-6, 1942. The victory halted Japanese advances in the Pacific. | |
| 737897093 | Okinawa 1945 | Bloodiest battle of them all in the Pacific. 50,000 US casualties (12,000 killed). Summer of 1945. Nearly every Japanese soldier fought to the death (100,000). After the U.S. conquered the island, the U.S. was able to begin daily bombing raids on Honshu (the main island of Japan). | |
| 737897094 | Manhattan Project | code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II | |
| 737897095 | J. Robert Oppenheimer | lead the Manhattan Project: the World War II effort to develop the first nuclear bomb. He was remembered as the "Father of the Atomic Bomb." | |
| 737897096 | Harry Truman | elected Vice President in Roosevelt's 4th term, The 33rd U.S. president, who succeeded Franklin D. Roosevelt upon Roosevelt's death in April 1945. He led the country through the last few months of World War II, is best known for making the controversial decision to use two atomic bombs against Japan in August 1945. After the war, Truman was crucial in the implementation of the Marshall Plan, which greatly accelerated Western Europe's economic recovery. | |
| 737897097 | Hiroshima and Nagasaki 1945 | Truman decides to call for America to drop atomic bombs on 2 cities destroying them & ending the war |
