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| 5678563994 | Federalist Party | First American political party formed by George Washington and led by Alexander Hamilton. They were in support of the Constitution, as it gave the government more power. They believed in national banks, tariffs, an elite ruling class, and good relations with Britain. They had major influences and impacts on out national government and its debt. |  | 0 |
| 5678563995 | Anti-Federalist Party | A group of members that opposed the creation of a stronger US federal government and the Constitution. They were led by Patrick Henry and Thomas Jefferson. They believed in a weak central government and strong state governments. They supported small farmers and landowners. They helped in preventing the Federalists from creating a political system like that of the British. |  | 1 |
| 5678563996 | Whigs Party | were conservatives who supported government programs, reforms, and public schools. They called for internal improvements like canals, railroads, and telegraph lines. |  | 2 |
| 5678563997 | Marbury v Madison 1803 | William Marbury had not had his commission delivered by Adams. Even though this was illegal on Adams part, Congress could not force Marbury to bring the documents. The court was able to form a basis for exercise of judicial review. It defined the boundary between the constitutionally separate executive and judicial branches. (date) |  | 3 |
| 5678563998 | McCulloch v Maryland 1819 | Maryland attempted to impede operation of a branch of the second bank of the US by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland. It established that Congress could implement the Constitution's powers, and state action couldn't impede valid constitutional exercises of power by the government. (date) |  | 4 |
| 5678563999 | Plessy v Fergusson | case ruled that "separate but equal" public facilities were legal. reversed in Brown v Board of Ed. Racial segregation |  | 5 |
| 5678564000 | Louisiana Purchase 1803 | The acquisition by the USA of France's claim to the territory of Louisiana. They paid $15 million. It doubled the size of the US, removed France's presence in the region, and it protected US trade access and free passage. (date) |  | 6 |
| 5678564001 | Mexican Cession | 1848. Awarded as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo after the Mexican American War. U.S. paid $15 million for 525,000 square miles. |  | 7 |
| 5678564002 | Gadsden Purchase 1853 | ..A region of present day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico purchased by the US in a treaty. It proved the land necessary for a southern transcontinental railroad and attempted to resolve conflicts that lingered after the Mexican-American War. (date) |  | 8 |
| 5678564003 | Erie Canal | A canal in New York running from Albany to Buffalo. It created a navigable water route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes which gave the western states direct access tot he ocean without shipping goods downstream on Mississippi River. |  | 9 |
| 5678564004 | Boston Massacre 1770 | The killing of five colonists by British regulars. It was the culmination of the tensions in the American colonies. It made many colonists rally together to counter the evil British. Changed people's mind about the British. (date) |  | 10 |
| 5678564005 | Boston Tea Party 1773 | Political protest by the Sons of Liberty. They destroyed an entire shipment of tea sent by the East India company in defiance of the Tea Act by throwing the chests into the sea. It showed that the American colonies had grown tired of arbitrary taxation by the British. (date) |  | 11 |
| 5678564006 | Popular Sovereignty | A belief that ultimate power resides in the people. The people are able to vote for if they want slavery or not. |  | 12 |
| 5678564007 | Second Great Awakening | A Protestant revival movement as a reaction against skepticism, deism, and rationalism. It enrolled new members in existing denominations and led to the formation of new denominations. It revived the emotional side of religion, weakened church authority, and played a role in social reform. |  | 13 |
| 5678564008 | French and Indian War 1754-1763 | Fought between the colonies of British America and New France, supported by military units from their parent countries. Hostilities intensified between the two as they both attempted to colonize land in the Ohio Valley. It marked the beginning of conflicts between Great Britain and the American colonists. (Dates) |  | 14 |
| 5678564009 | Revolutionary War 1775-1783 | War fought between the American colonies and England. American colonies won war and gained independence and British land in North America. (date) |  | 15 |
| 5678564010 | Nullification Crisis | A sectional crisis with an ordinance declared by the power of the state that the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional and therefore void in South Carolina. It showed that the economic and political interests of the North and South were drifting, as they had opposing ideas. |  | 16 |
| 5678564011 | Mexican-American War 1846 | An armed conflict between the US and Mexico that started with the US annexation of Texas and was the result of a disagreement over where the Mexican-American border should be. the US received Mexican territory and it raised the question of slavery in the new territory. (date) |  | 17 |
| 5678564012 | Saratoga Battle | A battle that took place in New York where the Continental Army defeated the British. It proved to be the turning point of the war. This battle ultimately had France to openly support the colonies with military forces in addition to the supplies and money already being sent. |  | 18 |
| 5678564013 | Bull Run Battle | Was the first meager battle of the civil war with the confederates winning against the north. |  | 19 |
| 5678564014 | Monroe Doctrine 1823 | A US foreign policy regarding Latin American countries. It stated that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South American would be viewed as acts of aggression. It directed a clear warning towards all foreign countries telling them to leave the US alone and to stop settling within the country's borders. (date) |  | 20 |
| 5678564015 | Slave Trade | European trade agreement with Africa dealing with slaves brought from Africa. Integral part of Triangle Trade between the Americas, Africa, and Europe. |  | 21 |
| 5678564016 | Amendment 13 1864 | This abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime. It formally released all slaves and prevented slavery to keep occurring. (date) |  | 22 |
| 5678564017 | Amendment 14 1868 | This granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the US, which included former slaves. It defined citizenship within the US (date). |  | 23 |
| 5678564018 | Amendment 15 1870 | This stated that the rights of citizens to vote should not bed denied by the US in race or color. It allowed African American men to vote, though poll taxes and literacy tests still prevented them from doing so. (date) |  | 24 |
| 5678564019 | Proclamation Act 1763 | Issued by King George III following Great Britain's acquisition of French territory in North America. It forbade settlers from settling past a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains. It organized Britain's empire and stabilized relations with Native Americans through trade, settlement, and land purchases. (date) |  | 25 |
| 5678564020 | Sugar Act 1764 | It reduced the tax to three pence (previously six pence). The tax was more enforced and it occurred on other goods like wine, coffee, and calico. It raised revenue for Britain through American colonists, not Europeans. (date) |  | 26 |
| 5678564021 | Stamp Act 1765 | An act of the Parliament of Great Britain that required the colonies have printed materials be produced on stamp paper. These were legal documents. It helped British troops who were stationed in North America, as the taxes went to their benefit. This angered the colonists. It was considered the last straw, leading to the Revolution. (date) |  | 27 |
| 5678564022 | Land Ordinance 1785 | The goal was to raise money through the sale of land in the territory west of the states. It was important because it established the precedent by which the US would expand westward across North America by the admission of new states. (date) |  | 28 |
| 5678564023 | Northwest Ordinance 1787 | It created the Northwest territory from lands beyond the Appalachian Mountains, between Canada and the Great Lakes. Rather than the expansion of existing states and their established sovereignty, it establish admission for new states. (date) |  | 29 |
| 5678564024 | Compromise of 1850 | This admitted California as a free state while it also created fugitive slave laws to capture escaped slaves. It created a way for slaves to not be able to go to the North and be free. The North had to help the South. |  | 30 |
| 5678564025 | Intolerable Acts 1774 | A series of laws passed by the British Parliament after the Boston Tea Party intending to punish the Massachusetts colonists for their defiance. It was a wake up call for the colonies. The Boston harbor closed. England took over all governmental activities. (date) |  | 31 |
| 5678564026 | Missouri Compromise 1820 | It involved primarily the regulation of slavery in the western territories. It prohibited slavery in the Louisiana Territory north of the southern Missouri border. It became precedent for settling subsequent North and South disagreements over slavery and duty issues. (date) |  | 32 |
| 5678564027 | Thomas Jefferson | ..., Virginian, architect, author, governor, and president. Lived at Monticello. Wrote the Declaration of Independence. Second governor of Virgina. Third president of the United States. Designed the buildings of the University of Virginia. |  | 33 |
| 5678564028 | John Adams | America's first Vice-President and second President. Sponsor of the American Revolution in Massachusetts, and wrote the Massachusetts guarantee that freedom of press "ought not to be restrained." | 34 | |
| 5678564029 | Thomas Paine | American Revolutionary leader and pamphleteer (born in England) who supported the American colonist's fight for independence and supported the French Revolution (1737-1809) |  | 35 |
| 5678564030 | Andrew Jackson | Seventh president of the US. He opposed the national bank and did not support a strong federal government. He enforced the Indian Removal Act. He enforced the idea of a common man and sovereignty. |  | 36 |
| 5678564031 | John C Calhoun | Vice President under Andrew Jackson; leading Southern politician; began his political career as a nationalist and an advocate of protective tariffs, later he becomes an advocate of free trade, states' rights, limited government, and nullification. |  | 37 |
| 5678564032 | Henry Clay | American lawyer, politician, and skilled orator who represented Kentucky. He is important because he was the founder and leader of the Whig Party and a leading advocate of programs for modernizing the economy, like tariffs to eliminate international competition, a national bank, and internal improvements to promote canals, ports, and railroads. | 38 | |
| 5678564033 | John Quincy Adams | ..., Secretary of State, He served as sixth president under Monroe. In 1819, he drew up the Adams-Onis Treaty in which Spain gave the United States Florida in exchange for the United States dropping its claims to Texas. The Monroe Doctrine was mostly Adams' work. |  | 39 |
| 5678564034 | Preston Brooks | A hot tempered Congressman of South Carolina took vengeance in his own hands. He beat Sumner with a cane until he was restrained by other Senators over issue of slavery. |  | 40 |
| 5678564035 | Cotton | The most important cash crop in the South by 1850 that needed a large labor force. |  | 41 |
| 5678564036 | Indian Removal Act | Part of the Indian Removal policy that was signed into law by Andrew Jackson in 1830; strongly supported in the South where states were eager to gain access to lands occupied by the Five Civilized Tribes. |  | 42 |
| 5678564037 | American System | An economic regime pioneered by Henry Clay which created a high tariff to support internal improvements such as road-building. This approach was intended to allow the United States to grow and prosper by themselves This would eventually help America industrialize and become an economic power. |  | 43 |
| 5678564038 | Adams Onis Treaty | 1819. Settled land dispute between Spain and United States as a result of tensions brought on by weakening Spanish power in the New World. U.S. gained Florida in exchange for $5 million and renounced any claims on Texas and settled boundary between two countries to the Pacific Ocean. |  | 44 |
| 5678564039 | Interchangeable parts | 1799-1800 - Eli Whitney developed a manufacturing system which uses standardized parts which are all identical and thus, interchangeable. Before this, each part of a given device had been designed only for that one device; if a single piece of the device broke, it was difficult or impossible to replace. With standardized parts, it was easy to get a replacement part from the manufacturer. Whitney first put used standardized parts to make muskets for the U.S. government. |  | 45 |
| 5678564040 | Samuel Slater | He was a British mechanic that moved to America and in 1791 invented the first American machine for spinning cotton. He is known as "the Father of the Factory System" and he started the idea of child labor in America's factories. -increased labor problem -only benefitted employers, not workers -forbid unions |  | 46 |
| 5678564041 | Spoils System | Jackson's patronage system, which allowed men to buy their way into office. This resulted in a very corrupt governmental office. |  | 47 |
| 5678564042 | "Lowell Girls"/Factory Girls 1820-30's | Young single women that were the primary source of labor in the factory system in Lowell, Massachusetts |  | 48 |
| 5678564043 | Colombian exchange | the exchange between the new world and the old world consisting of the old world bringing wheat, cows, horses, sheep, pigs, sugar, rice, coffee, smallpox, malaria and yellow fever. while the new world sent gold, silver, corn, potatoes, tobacco, and syphills |  | 49 |
| 5678564044 | Encomienda Systems | Spanish government's policy to "commend", or give, Indians to certain colonists in return for the promise to Christianize them. Part of a broader Spanish effort to subdue Indian tribes in the West Indies and on the North American mainland. |  | 50 |
| 5678564045 | Tariff of 1828 | a protective tariff passed by the U.S. Congress that came to be known as the "Tariff of Abominations" to its Southern detractors because of the effects it had on the Antebellum Southern economy; it was the highest tariff in U.S. peacetime and its goal was to protect industry in the northern United States from competing European goods by increasing the prices of European products. Attempt to keep the American system running. |  | 51 |
