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| 9377087404 | Maize Cultivation | The harvesting of corn by North American indigenous people such as the Aztecs and Mayan. The dependable food supply led to great population growth and advanced civilizations for these people. Represented the diverse and thriving cultures that were destroyed with the arrival of European explorers such as the Spanish conquistadors. | 0 | |
| 9405281557 | Afghanistan/Iraq wars | A series of wars taking place in the middle east featuring terrorist groups and national armies fighting against Each other. taking place from 2003- 2011. This is significant because of modern politics and recent discussion of letting refugees into U.S. | 1 | |
| 9405337858 | War on terror | War declared By president bush after 9/11 attack on U.S. soil killing many innocent American civilians. Global war, fought by international armies and governments to end terrorism. | 2 | |
| 9405484714 | World Trade Center/ Pentagon attacks | Terrorist attack on U.S. soil killing 2,996 people. Al-Qaeda group members were involved in these suicidal attacks on September 11th, 2001. Many innocent lives were lost because of these attacks. Horrible loss for the U.S., one of 3 attacks on U.S. soil. | 3 | |
| 9405560372 | Internet | The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite to link devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks. It is important because it boost connections across the world and causes more cultural diversity and understanding, Easier to access information. | 4 | |
| 9405592791 | Increased Military Spending | An increase in the military's Budget by congress. To help fund the military and upgrade weaponry to remain dominate over other countries. This is important because it can make or break us, like the ottoman empire was one of the first to have guns, but never increased their weaponry, allowing the Europeans to easily destroy the ottoman empire. | 5 | |
| 9405632382 | Interventionist Foreign spending | The policy that allows the U.S. to intervene in foreign affairs. Really increased after WW2. This is important because it can lead to future international affairs of the U.S. | 6 | |
| 9405656362 | Liberals | A person of the Liberal party. Votes for liberal views and acts like equality. This is important to creating a better, more equal society. | 7 | |
| 9405682921 | Conservatives | A person who is averse to change and holds to traditional values and attitude. Typically in relation to politics, this person does want change in the world. This is important to keep the good stuff the same and in place. | 8 | |
| 9405707616 | Election of 1980 | The United States presidential election of 1980 was the 49th quadrennial presidential election. It was held on November 4, 1980 with Republican nominee Ronald Reagan winning presidency. This is the beginning of period 9. | 9 | |
| 9405732827 | Ronald Reagan | Ronald Reagan was the 40th president of the U.S. He served from 1980-1989. This is important for learning about semi-recent politics. | 10 | |
| 9405772811 | Evangelical Christian Conservatives | Evangelicalism is a Protestant movement embraced within a variety of Christian denominations. It is based on the idea that religious salvation can be achieved through adherence to the word of God as delivered through the Bible. Important for understanding how people believe certain things today. | 11 | |
| 9405804716 | Immigration act of 1965 | The Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965, abolished an earlier quota system based on national origin. It established a new immigration policy based on reuniting immigrant families and attracting skilled labor to the United States. | 12 | |
| 9405818216 | The Sunbelt | The Sun Belt is a region of the United States generally considered to stretch across the Southeast and Southwest. Another rough definition of the region is the area south of the 36th parallel. | 13 | |
| 9405828692 | Lyndon Johnson's Great Society | The Great Society was a set of domestic programs in the United States launched by Democratic President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964-65. The main goal was the elimination of poverty and racial injustice. | 14 | |
| 9405845204 | Feminist, Gay, Lesbian, Latino, American Indian rights movement | Movements during the 1970's to help create an equal society. Wanted to let everyone in society be treated equal. | 15 | |
| 9405865434 | Civil Rights Act of 1964 | An act enacted in 1964. Created to abolish separations because of color. Important to learn of people's struggle for equality. | 16 | |
| 9405889776 | Brown vs. Board of Education | Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483, was a landmark. United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. | 17 | |
| 9405902453 | Segregation | Segregation is the separation of people into racial or other ethnic groups in daily life. It may apply to activities such as eating in a restaurant, drinking from a water fountain, or using a public restroom. | 18 | |
| 9405917455 | Martin Luther King Jr. | Martin Luther King Jr. was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the civil rights movement from 1954 through 1968. He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using the tactics of nonviolence. | 19 | |
| 9405934493 | The military Industrial Complex | The military-industrial complex is an informal alliance between a nation's military and the arms industry which supplies it. It's seen together as a vested interest which influences public policy. | 20 | |
| 9405937238 | Containment | Containment is a geopolitical strategy to stop the expansion of an enemy. It is best known as a Cold War foreign policy of the United States and its allies to prevent the spread of communism. | 21 | |
| 9405954391 | Nationalists movements(Asia, Africa, Middle-East) | Nationalism and decolonization accelerated during and after WW2. Middle East. Syria, Lebanon (French) and Jordan (British) created from old LON (league of nations) mandates; Jews migrated to Palestine mandate, driven by anti Semitism at home and Zionist (Jewish nationalist) | 22 | |
| 9405957767 | Detente | Détente is the easing of strained relations. It's especially done in a political situation. | 23 | |
| 9405982007 | Vietnam war | The Vietnam War, was a conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was to stop Vietnam from becoming a communist country. | 24 | |
| 9405987003 | Korea War | The Korean War was a war between North Korea and South Korea. The war began on 25 June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea following a series of clashes along the border. | 25 | |
| 9406005907 | Collective Security | Collective security can be understood as a security arrangement, political, regional, or global, in which each state in the system accepts that the security of one is the concern of all. the cooperation of several countries in an alliance to strengthen the security of each. | 26 | |
| 9406005908 | Cold war | A series of proxy wars after WW2. In order to become the world leader between U.S. and the U.S.S.R. | 27 | |
| 9405228813 | Manhattan Project | code name for the project to build the first atomic bomb during WWII. Would create first atomic bomb which would be used on the Japanese cities of hiroshima and nagasaki. | 28 | |
| 9406084081 | Pearl Harbor | December 7, 1941- Was a surprise attack by the Japanese on america in hope to keep america out of the war. This did the opposite and the usa joined the war. | 29 | |
| 9406086942 | Japanese Internment | February 19, 1942 - March 20, 1946 Carried out through Executive Order 9066, which took many Japanese families away from their homes and into internment camp. Motivated (somewhat) by racism and fear of spies | 30 | |
| 9406092928 | Spanish-America War | was fought between the United States and Spain in 1898. Hostilities began in the aftermath of the internal explosion of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor in Cuba, leading to U.S. intervention in the Cuban War of Independence. American acquisition of Spain's Pacific possessions led to its involvement in the Philippine Revolution and ultimately in the Philippine-American War | 31 | |
| 9406092929 | Isolationism | In American diplomacy, the traditional belief that the United States should refrain from involvement in overseas politics, alliances, or wars, and confine its national security interest to its own borders (and southern neighbors with monroe doctrine).Started to end in ww1, fully ended in ww2. | 32 | |
| 9406098263 | League of Nations | an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations, The predecessor to the UN | 33 | |
| 9406103603 | Treaty of Versailles | Jun 28, 1919 - Jan 21, 1920, Effective 10 January 1920- was created to solve problems made by World War I. Germany was forced to accept the treaty. Gave german land to france, and poland was made into a country again. The treaty punished Germany and did nothing to stop the threat of future wars. It maintained the pre-war power structure. Imposed high War reparations on germany. Would lead to the 3rd reich and ww2. | 34 | |
| 9406111198 | Woodrow Wilson | Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 - February 3, 1924) was an American statesman and academic who served as the 28th President of the United States from 1913 to 1921. A member of the Democratic Party, Wilson served as the President of Princeton University from 1902 to 1910, and as Governor of New Jersey from 1911 to 1913, before winning the 1912 presidential election. As president, he oversaw the passage of progressive legislative policies unparalleled until the New Deal in 1933.[1] He also led the United States during World War I, establishing an activist foreign policy known as "Wilsonianism." He was one of the three key leaders at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference, where he championed a new League of Nations, but he was unable to win Senate approval for U.S. participation in the League | 35 | |
| 9406118819 | Anti-imperialists | Anti-imperialism in political science and international relations is a term used in a variety of contexts, usually by nationalist movements, who want to secede from a larger polity (usually in the form of an empire, but also in a multi-ethnic sovereign state) or as a specific theory opposed to capitalism in Marxist-Leninist discourse, derived from Vladimir Lenin's work Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism. A less common usage is by supporters of a non-interventionist foreign policy. | 36 | |
| 9406127201 | Immigration Quotas | The Immigration Act of 1924 limited the number of immigrants allowed entry into the United States through a national origins quota. The quota provided immigration visas to two percent of the total number of people of each nationality in the United States as of the 1890 national census. | 37 | |
| 9406129400 | Great Migration | The Great Migration was the movement of 6 million African-Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West that occurred between 1916 and 1970. | 38 | |
| 9406131616 | Red Scare | A "Red Scare" is promotion of widespread fear by a society or state about a potential rise of communism, anarchism, or radical leftism. The term is most often used to refer to two periods in the history of the United States with this name. The First Red Scare, which occurred immediately after World War I, revolved around a perceived threat from the American labor movement, anarchist revolution and political radicalism. The Second Red Scare, which occurred immediately after World War II, was preoccupied with national or foreign communists infiltrating or subverting U.S. society or the federal government. | 39 | |
| 9406135771 | World War 1 | a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war (including the victims of a number of genocides), a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political change, including the Revolutions of 1917-1923 in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War twenty-one years later. | 40 | |
| 9406139337 | Harlem Renaissance | The Harlem Renaissance was an intellectual, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem, New York, spanning the 1920s. During the time, it was known as the "New Negro Movement", named after the 1925 anthology by Alain Locke. The Movement also included the new African-American cultural expressions across the urban areas in the Northeast and Midwest United States affected by the African-American Great Migration, of which Harlem was the largest. The Harlem Renaissance was considered to be a rebirth of African-American arts. Though it was centered in the Harlem neighborhood of the borough of Manhattan in New York City, many francophone black writers from African and Caribbean colonies who lived in Paris were also influenced by the Harlem Renaissance. | 41 | |
| 9406143352 | FDR's New Deal | The New Deal was a series of federal programs, public work projects, financial reforms and regulations enacted in the United States during the 1930s in response to the Great Depression. Some of these federal programs included the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), the Civil Works Administration (CWA), the Farm Security Administration (FSA), the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 (NIRA) and the Social Security Administration | 42 | |
| 9406148933 | Conservationists | Someone who works to protect the environment from destruction or pollution (Roosevelt). Regulation. | 43 | |
| 9406151041 | Preservationists | preservationists sought to eliminate human impact altogether in the environment | 44 | |
| 9406153129 | Progressive Constitutional Amendments | 16: Congress can levy income tax without apportioning it among states. 17: Allows US Constitution direct election of senators by popular vote. 18: Prohibited production of alcohol (Has since changed obviously) 19: The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. | 45 | |
| 9406157987 | Women's Suffrage | Women's suffrage in the United States of America, the legal right of women to vote, was established over the course of several decades, first in various states and localities, sometimes on a limited basis, and then nationally in 1920. | 46 | |
| 9406163836 | Progressive Era | The Progressive Era was a period of widespread social activism and political reform across the United States that spanned from the 1890s to the 1920s. The main objectives of the Progressive movement were eliminating problems caused by industrialization, urbanization, immigration, and corruption in government | 47 | |
| 9406165997 | The Great Depression | The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations; in most countries it started in 1929 and lasted until the late-1930s. It was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century. In the 21st century, the Great Depression is commonly used as an example of how far the world's economy can decline. | 48 | |
| 9406173111 | Plessy v. Ferguson | Plessy v. Ferguson, case in which the U.S. Supreme Court, on May 18, 1896, by a seven-to-one majority (one justice did not participate), advanced the controversial "separate but equal" doctrine for assessing the constitutionality of racial segregation laws. | 49 | |
| 9406175433 | Settlement houses | an institution in an inner-city area providing educational, recreational, and other social services to the community. | 50 | |
| 9406177407 | Jane Addams | Jane Addams (September 8, 1860 - May 21, 1935), known as the "mother" of social work, was a pioneer American settlement activist/reformer, social worker, public philosopher, sociologist, protestor, author, and leader in women's suffrage and world peace. She co-founded, with Ellen Gates Starr, an early settlement house in the United States, Chicago's Hull House that would later become known as one of the most famous settlement houses in America. In an era when presidents such as Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson identified themselves as reformers and social activists, Addams was one of the most prominent reformers of the Progressive Era. She helped America address and focus on issues that were of concern to mothers, such as the needs of children, local public health, and world peace. | 51 | |
| 9406179907 | The Social Gospel | The Social Gospel Movement was a religious movement that arose during the second half of the nineteenth century. Ministers, especially ones belonging to the Protestant branch of Christianity, began to tie salvation and good works together. They argued that people must emulate the life of Jesus Christ. | 52 | |
| 9406182431 | The Gospel of Wealth | article written by Andrew Carnegie in June of 1889 that describes the responsibility of philanthropy by the new upper class of self-made rich. Carnegie proposed that the best way of dealing with the new phenomenon of wealth inequality was for the wealthy to redistribute their surplus means in a responsible and thoughtful manner. This approach was contrasted with traditional bequest (patrimony), where wealth is handed down to heirs, and other forms of bequest e.g. where wealth is willed to the state for public purposes. Carnegie argued that surplus wealth is put to best use (i.e. produces the greatest net benefit to society) when it is administered carefully by the wealthy. Carnegie also argues against wasteful use of capital in the form of extravagance, irresponsible spending, or self-indulgence, instead promoting the administration of said capital over the course of one's lifetime toward the cause of reducing the stratification between the rich and poor. As a result, the wealthy should administer their riches responsibly and not in a way that encourages "the slothful, the drunken, the unworthy". | 53 | |
| 9406186697 | Social Darwinism | the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. Now largely discredited, social Darwinism was advocated by Herbert Spencer and others in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform. | 54 | |
| 9406190643 | Gilded Age | The Gilded Age in United States history is the late 19th century, from the 1870s to about 1900. The term for this period came into use in the 1920s and 1930s and was derived from writer Mark Twain's 1873 novel The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today, which satirized an era of serious social problems masked by a thin gold gilding. The early half of the Gilded Age roughly coincided with the middle portion of the Victorian era in Britain and the Belle Époque in France. Its beginning in the years after the American Civil War overlaps the Reconstruction Era (which ended in 1877). It was followed in the 1890s by the Progressive Era. | 55 | |
| 9406192893 | Assimilation/ Americanization | Americanization is the process of an immigrant to the United States of America becoming a person who shares American values, beliefs and customs by assimilating into American society. | 56 | |
| 9406194866 | The People's (Populist) Party | The People's Party, also known as the Populist Party or the Populists, was an agrarian-populist political party in the United States. For a few years, 1892-96, it played a major role as a left-wing force in American politics. It was merged into the Democratic Party in 1896; a small independent remnant survived until 1908. It drew support from angry farmers in the West and South. It was highly critical of banks and railroads, and allied itself with the labor movement. | 57 | |
| 9406199335 | "New South" | A vision for a self-sufficient southern economy built on modern capitalist values, industrial growth, and improved transportation. Henry Grady, the editor of the Atlanta Constitution, spread the gospel of the ______ with editorials for economic diversity and laissez-faire capitalism. | 58 | |
| 9406203222 | Corporations/Trusts/Holding Companies | Big corporations began to pop up across the company while trust (when stockholders in individual corporations transferred stocks to trustees for a share in trust itself-shared profits of combination) and holding companies ( company that owns enough voting stock in another firm to control operations in electing/infulencing board of directors) also became a commodity | 59 | |
| 9406206390 | Laissez-Faire Capitalism | economic system in which transactions between private parties are free from government intervention such as regulation, privileges, tariffs and subsidies. | 60 | |
| 9406208358 | Industrial Capitalism | refers to an economic and social system in which trade, industry and capital are privately controlled and operated for a profit. This is the dominate economic system in the United States and the developed world | 61 | |
| 9406211401 | Reconstruction | The Reconstruction era was the period from 1863 (the legal end of slavery) or 1865 (the end of the Confederacy) to 1877. In the context of the history of the United States, the term has two applications: the first applies to the complete history of the entire country from 1865 to 1877 following the Civil War (1861 to 1865); the second applies to the attempted transformation of the Southern United States from 1863 to 1877, as directed by Congress. Reconstruction ended the remnants of Confederate nationalism and of slavery, making the Freedmen citizens with civil rights apparently guaranteed by three new Constitutional amendments. Three visions of Civil War memory appeared during Reconstruction: the reconciliationist vision, which was rooted in coping with the death and devastation the war had brought; the white supremacist vision, which included terror and violence; and the emancipationist vision, which sought full freedom, citizenship, and Constitutional equality for African Americans | 62 | |
| 9406214004 | Radical/Moderate Republicans | Radical Republicans were those republicans who believed slavery needed to be ended immediately or in the near future. Moderate republicans were republicans who did not believe slavery was a top priority and believed we should focus on other more important topics. | 63 | |
| 9406216298 | 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments | 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments Synopsis The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery to this day. The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution declared that all persons born or naturalized in the United States are American citizens including African Americans. The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's race, color, or previous condition of servitude. | 64 | |
| 9406220190 | Gettysburg Address | The Gettysburg Address is a speech by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, and one of the best-known speeches in American history. It was delivered by Lincoln during the American Civil War at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania on the afternoon of Thursday, November 19, 1863 - four and a half months after the Union armies defeated those of the Confederacy at the Battle of Gettysburg. | 65 | |
| 9406223687 | Emancipation Proclamation | The Emancipation Proclamation, or Proclamation 95, was a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863. It changed the federal legal status of more than 3 million enslaved people in the designated areas of the South from slave to free. As soon as a slave escaped the control of the Confederate government, by running away or through advances of federal troops, the slave became legally free. Ultimately, the rebel surrender liberated and resulted in the proclamation's application to all of the designated slaves. It did not cover slaves in Union areas that were freed by state action (or 3 years later by the 13th amendment in December 1865). It was issued as a war measure during the American Civil War, directed to all of the areas in rebellion and all segments of the executive branch (including the Army and Navy) of the United States | 66 | |
| 9406229046 | Election of 1860 | United States presidential election of 1860. United States presidential election of 1860, American presidential election held on Nov. 6, 1860, in which Republican Abraham Lincoln defeated Southern Democrat John C. Breckinridge, Democrat Stephen A. Douglas, and Constitutional Union candidate John Bell. | 67 | |
| 9406230814 | Abraham Lincoln | Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 - April 15, 1865) was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through its Civil War—its bloodiest war and perhaps its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis. In doing so, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy. | 68 | |
| 9406233768 | Republican Party | The Republican Party, commonly referred to as the GOP (abbreviation for Grand Old Party), is one of the two major political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party. The party is named after republicanism, the dominant value during the American Revolution. Founded by anti-slavery activists, economic modernizers, ex Whigs and ex Free Soilers in 1854, the Republicans dominated politics nationally and in the majority of northern states for most of the period between 1860 and 1932. | 69 | |
| 9406236509 | Dred Scott v. Sandford | A landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court on US labor law and constitutional law. It held that "a negro, whose ancestors were imported into [the U.S.], and sold as slaves", whether enslaved or free, could not be an American citizen and therefore had no standing to sue in federal court, and that the federal government had no power to regulate slavery in the federal territories acquired after the creation of the United States. Dred Scott, an enslaved man of "the negro African race" who had been taken by his owners to free states and territories, attempted to sue for his freedom. The decision was only the second time that the Supreme Court had ruled an Act of Congress to be unconstitutional. | 70 | |
| 9406238647 | Kansas-Nebraska Act | The Kansas-Nebrask Act was an 1854 bill that mandated "popular sovereignty"-allowing settlers of a territory to decide whether slavery would be allowed within a new state's borders. | 71 | |
| 9406241180 | Compromise of 1850 | The Compromise of 1850 was a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850, which defused a four-year political confrontation between slave and free states on the status of territories acquired during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848). The compromise, drafted by Whig Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky and brokered by Clay and Democratic Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois, reduced sectional conflict. Controversy arose over the Fugitive Slave provision. The Compromise was greeted with relief: Texas give up New Mexico, California is a free state, South stops Wilmot Proviso and Utah along with New Mexico choose whether they are slave or free, No slave trade in DC, and Fugitive Slave Law became much harsher. | 72 | |
| 9406244283 | Mexican Cession | The Mexican Cession is the region in the modern-day southwestern United States that Mexico ceded to the U.S. in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. This region had not been part of the areas east of the Rio Grande which had been claimed by the Republic of Texas, though the Texas annexation resolution two years earlier had not specified the southern and western boundary of the new State of Texas. The Mexican Cession (529,000 sq. miles) was the third largest acquisition of territory in US history. The largest was the Louisiana Purchase, with some 827,000 sq. miles (including land from fifteen present U.S. states and two Canadian provinces), followed by the acquisition of Alaska (about 586,000 sq. miles). | 73 | |
| 9406246215 | Free Soil Movement | The Free Soil Party was a short-lived political party in the United States active in the 1848 and 1852 presidential elections as well as in some state elections. A single-issue party, its main purpose was to oppose the expansion of slavery into the Western territories, arguing that free men on free soil constituted a morally and economically superior system to slavery. It also sometimes worked to remove existing laws that discriminated against freed African Americans in states such as Ohio. | 74 | |
| 9406248523 | Nativist anti-Catholic movement | Antiforeign sentiment in the United States that fueled anti-immigrant and immigration-restriction policies against the Irish and Germans in the 1840s and 1850s and against other ethnic immigrants in subsequent decades. | 75 | |
| 9406251054 | Immigration(Irish & German) | The two main immigrants were the Irish and the Germans. The Irish came in multitudes during the Potato Famine, a time when Ireland's main food source completely became rotten. Because the Irish did not come the U.S. with enough money to buy land, they mostly remained in the northeastern port cities. They became a negative influence on Protestant communities who saw the Catholic Irish as a group who were trying to upstart Protestantism and replace it with Catholicism. The Germans came because they wanted to escape the autocratic clutches of Europe. They settled mainly in lush lands of the Middle West. They contributed such things as the Christmas tree, kindergarten, the Conestoga wagon, the Kentucky rifle. | 76 | |
| 9406253382 | Mexican-American War | Was an armed conflict between the United States of America and the United Mexican States (Mexico) from 1846 to 1848. It followed in the wake of the 1845 American annexation of the independent Republic of Texas, which Mexico still considered its northeastern province and a part of its territory after its de facto secession in the 1836 Texas Revolution a decade earlier. | 77 | |
| 9406255540 | Manifest Destiny | the 19th-century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable. | 78 | |
| 9406257585 | Missouri Compromise | The Missouri Compromise is the title generally attached to the legislation passed by the 16th United States Congress on May 8, 1820. The measures provided for the admission of Maine as a free state along with Missouri as a slave state, thus maintaining the balance of power between North and South. As part of the compromise, slavery was prohibited north of the 36°30′ parallel, excluding Missouri. President James Monroe signed the legislation on March 6, 1820. | 79 | |
| 9406264941 | Monroe Doctrine | The Monroe Doctrine was a United States policy of opposing European colonialism in the Americas beginning in 1823. It stated that further efforts by European nations to take control of any independent state in North or South America would be viewed as "the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States." At the same time, the doctrine noted that the U.S. would recognize and not interfere with existing European colonies nor meddle in the internal concerns of European countries. | 80 | |
| 9406267293 | Indian Removal Act of 1830 | The Indian Removal Act was signed by President Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830. The law authorized the president to negotiate with southern Indian tribes for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their lands. | 81 | |
| 9406269168 | Luisiana Purchase | U.S. acquisition of the Louisiana territory from France in 1803 for $15 million. The purchase secured American control of the Mississippi river and doubled the size of the nation. | 82 | |
| 9406272615 | The American System | A national economic strategy championed by Kentucky Senator Henry Clay, the American System stressed high tariffs and internal improvments. | 83 | |
| 9406274413 | Seneca Falls Convention | The first womens rights convention held in 1848 in Seneca Falls, New York, co-sponseered by Stanton and Mott. Delegates at the convention drafted the "Declaration of sentiments" which was modeled after the Constitution but applied to women as well. | 84 | |
| 9406276470 | Abolitionist | End the African and Indian slave trade and set slaves free. | 85 | |
| 9406278177 | Utopianism | Between 1830s and 40s hopes for social perfection - utopia - were widespread among evangelical Christians as well as secular humanists. These hopes found expression in various utopian communities and spiritual movements. | 86 | |
| 9406280858 | Second Great Awakening | The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival during the early 19th century in the United States. The movement began around 1790, gained momentum by 1800 and, after 1820, membership rose rapidly among Baptist and Methodist congregations whose preachers led the movement. It was past its peak by the late 1850s. It rejected the skeptical rationalism and deism of the Enlightenment. | 87 | |
| 9406282887 | Market/Transportation/Communication Revolutions | The Market was transformed directly from new inventions in transportation and communication such as Turnpikes, Canals, Railroads, Telegraph and the Cotton Gin | 88 | |
| 9406285073 | Henry Clay | Henry Clay Sr. (April 12, 1777 - June 29, 1852) was an American lawyer, planter, and statesman who represented Kentucky in both the United States Senate and House of Representatives. After serving three non-consecutive terms as Speaker of the House of Representatives, Clay helped elect John Quincy Adams as president, and Adams subsequently appointed Clay as Secretary of State. Clay served four separate terms in the Senate, including stints from 1831 to 1842 and from 1849 to 1852. He ran for the presidency in 1824, 1832 and 1844, and unsuccessfully sought his party's nomination in 1840 and 1848. Clay was one of a handful of national leaders to actively work from 1811 to the 1850s, defining the issues, proposing nationalistic solutions, and creating the Whig Party, one of the two major parties during the Second Party System. | 89 | |
| 9406288657 | Whigs | An American political party formed in the 1830s to oppose President Andrew Jackson and the Democrats. Whigs stood for protective tariffs, national banking, and federal aid for internal improvements. | 90 | |
| 9406290565 | Andrew Jackson | Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 - June 8, 1845) was an American soldier and statesman who served as the seventh president of the United States from 1829 to 1837. Before being elected to the presidency, Jackson gained fame as a general in the United States Army and served in both houses of Congress. As president, Jackson sought to advance the rights of the "common man" against a "corrupt aristocracy" and to preserve the Union. | 91 | |
| 9406292593 | Democrats | The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party (GOP). Tracing its heritage back to Thomas Jefferson and James Madison's Democratic-Republican Party, the modern-day Democratic Party was founded around 1828 by supporters of Andrew Jackson, making it the world's oldest political party. | 92 | |
| 9406294164 | The Marshall court (1801-1835) | The Marshall Court refers to the Supreme Court of the United States from 1801 to 1835, when John Marshall served as the fourth Chief Justice of the United States. Marshall served as Chief Justice until his death, at which point Roger Taney took office. The Marshall Court played a major role in increasing the power of the judicial branch, as well as the power of the national government | 93 | |
| 9406295578 | George Washington's Farewell Address | George Washington's Farewell Address is a letter written by first President of the United States George Washington to "friends and fellow-citizens". He wrote the letter near the end of his second term presidency, before retiring to his home at Mount Vernon in Virginia. It mainly talks about how he wishes the United States to stay self reliant while also asking all future presidents to keep their power in check. | 94 | |
| 9406301235 | Northwest Ordinance | The Northwest Ordinance (formally An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States, North-West of the River Ohio, and also known as The Ordinance of 1787) enacted July 13, 1787, was an act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States. It created the Northwest Territory, the first organized territory of the United States, from lands beyond the Appalachian Mountains, between British North America and the Great Lakes to the north and the Ohio River to the south. The upper Mississippi River formed the Territory's western boundary. | 95 | |
| 9406303326 | James Madison | James Madison Jr. (March 16, 1751 - June 28, 1836)[2] was an American statesman and Founding Father who served as the fourth President of the United States from 1809 to 1817. He is hailed as the "Father of the Constitution" for his pivotal role in drafting and promoting the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights. | 96 | |
| 9406306186 | Thomas Jefferson | Thomas Jefferson (April 13 [O.S. April 2] 1743 - July 4, 1826) was an American Founding Father who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and later served as the third President of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Previously, he was elected the second Vice President of the United States, serving under John Adams from 1797 to 1801. A proponent of democracy, republicanism, and individual rights motivating American colonists to break from Great Britain and form a new nation, he produced formative documents and decisions at both the state and national level. He was a land owner and farmer. | 97 | |
| 9406311552 | Democratic-Republican Party | The Democratic-Republican Party was an American political party formed by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison between 1791 and 1793 to oppose the centralizing policies of the new Federalist Party run by Alexander Hamilton, who was secretary of the treasury and chief architect of George Washington's administration.[5] From 1801 to 1825, the new party controlled the presidency and Congress as well as most states during the First Party System. | 98 | |
| 9406313313 | John Adams | John Adams (October 30 [O.S. October 19] 1735 - July 4, 1826) was an American statesman and Founding Father who served as the first Vice President (1789-97) and second President of the United States (1797-1801). He was a lawyer, diplomat, political theorist, and a leader of the movement for American independence from Great Britain. He was also a dedicated diarist and correspondent, particularly with his wife and closest advisor Abigail. | 99 | |
| 9406321411 | Bill of Rights | The Bill of Rights is the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution.[1] Proposed following the often bitter 1787-88 battle over ratification of the U.S. Constitution, and crafted to address the objections raised by Anti-Federalists, the Bill of Rights amendments add to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights, clear limitations on the government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically delegated to Congress by the Constitution are reserved for the states or the people | 100 | |
| 9406323775 | Anti-Federalists | Anti-Federalism refers to a movement that opposed the creation of a stronger U.S. federal government and which later opposed the ratification of the 1787 Constitution. The previous constitution, called the Articles of Confederation, gave state governments more authority. Led by Patrick Henry of Virginia, Anti-Federalists worried, among other things, that the position of president, then a novelty, might evolve into a monarchy. Though the Constitution was ratified and supplanted the Articles of Confederation, Anti-Federalist influence helped lead to the passage of the United States Bill of Rights. | 101 | |
| 9406325508 | Federalist Papers | The Federalist (later known as The Federalist Papers) is a collection of 85 articles and essays written under the pseudonym "Publius" by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay to promote the ratification of the United States Constitution. | 102 | |
| 9406328159 | Constitutional Convention | took place from May 25 to September 17, 1787, in the old Pennsylvania State House (later known as Independence Hall because of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence there eleven years before) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Although the Convention was intended to revise the league of states and first system of government under the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, which were first proposed in 1776, adopted by the Second Continental Congress in 1778 and only finally unanimously ratified by the Original Thirteen States by 1781), the intention from the outset of many of its proponents, chief among them James Madison of Virginia and Alexander Hamilton of New York, was to create a new government rather than fix the existing one. The delegates elected George Washington of Virginia, former commanding general of the Continental Army in the late American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), to preside over the Convention. The result of the Convention was the creation of the Constitution of the United States, placing the Convention among the most significant events in the history of the United States and indeed of worldwide historical, political and social influence. | 103 | |
| 9406330402 | Articles of Confederation | The Articles of Confederation, formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution.[1] It was approved, after much debate (between July 1776 and November 1777), by the Second Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, and sent to the states for ratification. The Articles of Confederation came into force on March 1, 1781, after being ratified by all 13 states. A guiding principle of the Articles was to preserve the independence and sovereignty of the states. The federal government received only those powers which the colonies had recognized as belonging to king and parliament. However, they did eventually fail and gave way to the Constitution. | 104 | |
| 9406332745 | Effects the American Revolution had on France, Haiti, and Latin America | The american revolution really showed the world that the oppressed can really fight against the government and actually succeed. | 105 | |
| 9406335463 | Republican Motherhood | 8th-century term for an attitude toward women's roles present in the emerging United States before, during, and after the American Revolution. | 106 | |
| 9406337752 | Declaration of Independence | The United States Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House (now known as Independence Hall) in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776. The Declaration announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain would now regard themselves as thirteen independent sovereign states no longer under British rule. With the Declaration, these new states took a collective first step toward forming a new nation - the United States of America. The declaration was signed by representatives from: New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. | 107 | |
| 9406339699 | Thomas Paine's "Common Sense" | Common Sense[1] is a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1775-76 advocating independence from Great Britain to people in the Thirteen Colonies. Written in clear and persuasive prose, Paine marshaled moral and political arguments to encourage common people in the Colonies to fight for egalitarian government. It was published anonymously on January 10, 1776, at the beginning of the American Revolution, and became an immediate sensation. | 108 | |
| 9406341418 | George Washington | George Washington (February 22, 1732[b][c] - December 14, 1799) was an American statesman and soldier who served as the first President of the United States from 1789 to 1797 and was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He served as Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and later presided over the 1787 convention that drafted the United States Constitution. He is popularly considered the driving force behind the nation's establishment and came to be known as the "father of the country," both during his lifetime and to this day. | 109 | |
| 9406344369 | American Revolution | The American Revolution was a colonial revolt that took place between 1765 and 1783. The American Patriots in the Thirteen Colonies won independence from Great Britain, becoming the United States of America. They defeated the British in the American Revolutionary War in alliance with France and others. | 110 | |
| 9406348783 | Patriot Movement | This was a movement started by radically minded colonists who started protests and vandalism again British Control of the 13 colonies. | 111 | |
| 9406353378 | Benjamin Franklin | American public official, writer, scientist, and printer. After the success of his Poor Richard's Almanac (1732-1757), he entered politics and played a major part in the American Revolution. He negotiated French support for the colonists, signed the Treaty of Paris (1783), and helped draft the Constitution (1787-1789). His numerous scientific and practical innovations include the lightning rod, bifocal spectacles, and a stove. | 112 | |
| 9406355729 | Chattel Slavery | The condition in which one person is owned as property by another and is under the owner's control, especially in involuntary servitude. | 113 | |
| 9406358500 | Atlantic Slave Trade | The Atlantic slave trade or transatlantic slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people, mainly from Africa to the Americas, and then their sale there. The slave trade used mainly the triangular trade route and its Middle Passage, and existed from the 16th to the 19th centuries. The vast majority of those who were enslaved and transported in the transatlantic slave trade were Africans from central and western Africa, who had been sold by other West Africans to Western European slave traders (with a small number being captured directly by the slave traders in coastal raids), who brought them to the Americas. | 114 | |
| 9406360828 | Protestant Evangelism | is a worldwide Protestant movement, maintaining that the essence of the gospel consists in the doctrine of salvation by faith in Jesus Christ's atonement. The movement gained great momentum in the 18th and 19th centuries with the emergence of Methodism and the Great Awakenings in the British Isles and North America. Pietism, Nicolaus Zinzendorf and the Moravian Church, Presbyterianism and Puritanism have influenced Evangelicalism. | 115 | |
| 9406365571 | Enlightenment Ideas | An intellectual and philosophical movement started in Europe in the 18th Century. The Enlightenment included a range of ideas centered on reason as the primary source of authority and legitimacy and came to advance ideals like liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutional government and separation of church and state | 116 | |
| 9406367292 | 1st Great Awakening | The First Great Awakening (sometimes Great Awakening) or Evangelical Revival was a series of Christian revivals that swept Britain and its American Colonies between the 1730s and 1740s. The revival movement had a permanent impact on Protestantism as adherents strove to renew individual piety and religious devotion. | 117 | |
| 9406370018 | Pueblo Revolt | The Pueblo Revolt of 1680—also known as Popé's Rebellion—was an uprising of most of the indigenous Pueblo people against the Spanish colonizers in the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, present day New Mexico. The Pueblo Revolt killed 400 Spanish and drove the remaining 2,000 settlers out of the province. Twelve years later the Spanish returned and were able to reoccupy New Mexico with little opposition. | 118 | |
| 9406376862 | Metacom war (King Philip's war) | An armed conflict in 1675-78 between American Indian inhabitants of the New England region of North America versus New England colonists and their Indian allies. | 119 | |
| 9406378653 | Regional differences between Chesapeake, New England, Middle and South. | New England was mainly small business's along with fishing communities and people who are just trying to live their lives. The South was mainly large plantations along with some other small farms, but was still a cash corporation. The Middle had lots of ports and rivers and was a mixture of the North and South. Chesapeake was different in the fact that it was very catholic and almost like a small kingdom with serfdoms and a king in Lord Baltimore. | 120 | |
| 9406383262 | Indentured Servants | These were usually white Europeans who could not pay their way into the New World, so instead they would sign a contract saying they will work for someone(usually a plantation) for a certain amount of years and their employer will pay their way. | 121 | |
| 9406384868 | English in the New World | The original colonists wished to prosper off the land by growing tobacco, but later on many colonists were escaping religious persecution along with wanting to start anew. The Britsh took over a small area in North America and a few islands in the Caribbean, however it slowly grew till they were the leading power North America. | 122 | |
| 9406386919 | French in the New World | The french wanted to be the dominant force in the new world. Having several colonies in South America and in the Caribbean, they really made their presence known in North America by taking much of present day Canada and USA through help from the native Americans. | 123 | |
| 9406389855 | Dutch in the New world | The dutch really wanted to create outposts for fur trading, so they were mainly situated in the North East. However they did have several colonies in the Caribbean. | 124 | |
| 9406391983 | Spanish in new world | The Spanish took most of south and central America, there goals were to gain resources like gold and silver, gain power, get to china/India, and spread catholicism. | 125 | |
| 9406393611 | Encomienda System | A labor system that gave conquistadores the natives as slaves to work the land. | 126 | |
| 9406395870 | Joint Stock Companies | These were companies that were not government owned but instead many people had stock in a single company, meaning they owned a small percentage of the company. (British East India Company) | 127 | |
| 9406397795 | Colombian Exhange | This exchange of goods and other items between the New World and Old World changed history. The Old World gave epidemic diseases like Small Pox to the New World along with horses. The New World gave turkeys, potatoes, corn, and maize. | 128 |
