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| 8019861298 | Boston Massacre | Occurred after large detachment of British soldiers were sent to Boston to keep peace following colonial protest of Townshend Acts; March 5, 1770, a mob threw rock-filled snowballs at a group of soldiers who responded with gunfire, killing five. RESULT: The incident On March 5, 1770 fueled colonial opposition to British influence. | 0 | |
| 8019889249 | Massachusetts Bay Charter | enacted in 1629; provided the method by which inhabitants of the Massachusetts Bay Colony practiced self-government. Although they were technically ruled by the king, the colony was administered by a general court voted by white male property holders. Company's proprietors required to consult all freemen before making laws. | 1 | |
| 8019905595 | Declaration of Independence | signed July 4, 1776; commissioned by Continental Congress and written largely by Thomas Jefferson; listed colonies' disagreements with the British government; articulated the government's responsibility to serve its citizens and declared that all men have an equal right to life, liberty, and happiness RESULT: with it's signing, the revolution officially became a war for independence | 2 | |
| 8019914408 | Boston Tea Party | colonial protest against British taxes; Boston colonists refused to allow tea-bearing ships to unload in their harbor because they were upset that the British were imposing new duties on tea sales; British prevented ships from leaving; December 16, 1773 a group of colonists poorly disguised as Native Americans boarded a ship and dumped 10,000 British pounds' worth of tea into the harbor RESULT: England responded with the Coercive Acts | 3 | |
| 8019964305 | Common Sense | published pamphlet by Thomas Paine in January of 1776; Paine argued for independence from Britain and for the virtues of a republican form of government; highly effective propaganda piece; sold more than 100,000 copies in its first few months and greatly increased public support for revolution | 4 | |
| 8019974009 | Bill of Rights | refers to first 10 amendments in the Constitution; proposed by James Madison in 1789 to protect individual rights against possible abuses of the strong national government created by the Constitution; famous amendments include the first (right to free speech), the second (right to bear arms), and the sixth (right to a jury trial) | 5 | |
| 8019982078 | proprietorships | several New World colonies began as proprietorships meaning there were owned by a single person who generally received them as a gift from the kind; Connecticut, Maryland, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Carolina (eventually split into North and South Carolina); converted many of these colonies into royal colonies directly controlled by the king when the monarchy wanted to reassert control over the New World | 6 | |
| 8019992263 | Roger Williams | minister in Salem Bay Settlement; his preaching was controversial as he advocated for the separation of church and state; banished by Puritans and founded a new colony that is the state of Rhode Island where they were granted free exercise of religion | 7 | |
| 8019999435 | Bacon's Rebellion | 1676; began because a group of Virginia settlers (including former indentured servants and free blacks) felt the colonial governor Sir William Berkeley was not supporting their armed fights against local tribes; led by Nathanial Bacon, rebels attacked the Doeg and Susquehannock tribes, then burned the colonial capital Jamestown to the ground; the rebellion is an earl example of a populist uprising in America | 8 | |
| 8020007810 | pre-Columbian era | refers to time before Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World; between 1 million and 5 million Natives inhabited land north of Mexico at the time Columbus arrived; Natives survived by hunting, gathering, and farming; various tribes independent of each other and many competed for the same natural resources; Native Americans were slow to unite against the European settlers | 9 | |
| 8020016596 | Middle Passage | route that traders used to transport slaves to the New World; the name refers to the middle leg of the triangular route that ships traversed between Europe, Africa, and the colonies; conditions on slave ships brutal; up to 2 million slaves died along Middle Passage | 10 | |
| 8020021012 | mercantilism | popular economic theory during the colonial period; mercantilists believed that countries should do 2 things to maintain economic power which is 1. ensure a favorable balance of trader (export more than they import) and 2. control hard currency like gold; British valued American colonies primarily for economic reasons: colonies consumed British goods and produced raw materials that would otherwise have to be bought from a foreign country | 11 | |
| 8020038344 | Stono Uprising | 1739; one of the first slave rebellions in the New World; about 20 slaves in South Carolina used stolen guns to kill plantation owners and liberate other slaves; now numbering 100, the group then fled toward Florida but was captured by the colonial militia; some were killed on the spot and the rest was executed later; after uprising, many colonies passed more restrictive laws governing the behavior of slaves | 12 | |
| 8020048249 | First Great Awakening | wave of religious sentiment that swept the colonies during 1730s and 1740s; typified by Congregationalist minister Jonathan Edwards who preached Calvinism in his speech "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" and by the Methodist preacher George Whitefield who preached a Christianity based on emotionalism and spirituality; First Great Awakening described as a reaction to the Enlightenment | 13 | |
| 8020055580 | Second Great Awakening | like the First, was a revival of evangelicalism that began in the 1790s in New York and quickly spread across the country; movement strongest in the South and West during this period, with numerous formal churches forming in places that had previously had none; gave rise to a social reform movement in the Northeast with many religious leaders advocating against drinking, poverty, and other social problems | 14 | |
| 8020064454 | Navigation Acts | passed between 1651 and 1673; expanded English control over colonial commerce; colonies were required to sell certain products only to England, to buy certain products only from England, and to import any non-British goods via English ports (with a fee attached); forbade colonies from producing many goods already produced by England; many New World merchants turned to smuggling to get around these restrictions | 15 | |
| 8020078985 | indentured servants | received free passage to the New World in exchange for seven years of backbreaking and sometimes fatal labor; after years of service, an indentured servant won freedom and sometimes a small piece of land; 3/4 of the 13,00 Englishmen who migrated to the Chesapeake during the 17th century were indentured servants | 16 |
