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| 207234617 | indentured servants | penniless persons who bound themselves to work for a number of years to pay their passage. | |
| 207234618 | Trade and Navigation Acts | all commerce flowing to and from the colonies could be transported only in British( including colonial) vessels; mercantilism put into law. | |
| 207234619 | Mayflower Compact | a simple agreement to form a crude government and to submit to the will of the majority under the regulations agreed upon. | |
| 207234620 | Roger Williams | extreme Separatist, unrestrained tongue that got him in trouble with the Bay Colony; with help from Indians, he fled to the Rhode Island area and created Rhode Island. | |
| 207234621 | Great Puritan Migration | Many Puritans migrated from England to North America during the 1620s to the 1640s due to belief that the Church of England was beyond reform. Ended in 1642 when King Charles I effectively shut off emigration to the colonies with the start of the English Civil War; about seventy thousand refugees. | |
| 207234622 | New England Confederation | 1643 - Formed to provide for the defense of the four New England colonies, and also acted as a court in disputes between colonies. | |
| 207234623 | Freedom of consciences | the freedom to have opinions on a fact, and have viewpoints or thought that are different than another person's. | |
| 207234624 | Jonathan Edwards | American theologian whose sermons and writings stimulated a period of renewed interest in religion in America (1703-1758). | |
| 207234625 | Halfway Covenant | the Halfway Covenant allowed partial membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church; It lessened the difference between the "elect" members of the church from the regular members; Women soon made up a larger portion of Puritan congregations. | |
| 207234626 | Salem Witch Trials | trials held to determine if accused townspeople really were witches. As a result, Massachusetts authorities ordered 20 men & women to be executed; carried on through the rest of the world. | |
| 207234627 | city on a hill | John Winthrop told his fellow Puritans that the ideal colony they were creating would be an exmaple fo the world and everyone would try to be like them. | |
| 207234628 | William Penn | A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution. | |
| 207234629 | proprietary, royal, charter colonies | Proprietary colonies were founded by a proprietary company or individual and were controlled by the proprietor. Charter colonies were founded by a government charter granted to a company or a group of people. The British government had some control over charter colonies. Royal (or crown) colonies were formed by the king, so the government had total control over them. | |
| 207234630 | Peter Zenger trial | newspaper publisher; put on trial for criticizing the government; established precedence that government can be criticized if accusations are true. Freedom of the press. | |
| 207234631 | King Philip's War | A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanowogs, led by a chief known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion. | |
| 207234632 | George Whitefield | Credited with starting the Great Awakening, also a leader of the "New Lights." | |
| 207234633 | Great Awakening | Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established. | |
| 207234634 | Thomas Hobbes | English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679). | |
| 207234635 | mercantilism | an economic system to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests. | |
| 207234636 | Bacon's Rebellion | A rebellion lead by Nathaniel Bacon with backcountry farmers to attack Native Americans in an attemp to gain more land. | |
| 207234637 | Harvard College | the first American college, established in 1636 by Puritan theologians who wanted to create a training center for ministers. The school was named for John Harvard, a Charleston minister, who had left it his library and half his estate. | |
| 207234638 | Middle Passage | the route in between the western ports of Africa to the Caribbean and southern U.S. that carried the slave trade; 1/3 of the slaves died in transportation. | |
| 207234639 | Phyllis Wheatly | captured african american, sold as slave, and went to Boston. A family took her in and treated her like a family member and she became literate. First published african american poet. | |
| 207234640 | Puritans | Protestant sect in England hoping to "purify" the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization; helped found the English colonies in the New World. | |
| 207234641 | Pilgrims/Separatists | People who severed ties with the English Church and established the Plymouth Plantation. The Pilgrims showed the world that a break from England was possible, and showed others that religious freedom was also possible. | |
| 207234642 | House of Burgesses | the first elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619. | |
| 207234643 | Anne Hutchinson | She preached the idea that God communicated directly to individuals instead of through the church elders. She was forced to leave Massachusetts in 1637. Her followers (the Antinomianists) founded the colony of New Hampshire in 1639. | |
| 207234644 | William Bradford | A Pilgrim, the second governor of the Plymouth colony, 1621-1657. He developed private land ownership and helped colonists get out of debt. He helped the colony survive droughts, crop failures, and Indian attacks. | |
| 207234645 | French and Indian War | a war in North America between France and Britain (both aided by indian tribes), aka in England The Seven Years War. | |
| 207234646 | John Locke | believed all people have a right to life, liberty, and property. | |
| 207234647 | Iroquios Confederacy | A powerful group of native americans in the eastern part of the United States made up of five nations: Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, and Oneida. | |
| 207234648 | headright system | Parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists. | |
| 207234649 | Salutary neglect | An English policy of not strictly enforcing laws in its colonies. | |
| 207234650 | Albany Plan | Proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 as an attempt to form a union of the colonies. Later used to help form the Articles of Confederation; also to keep Indians loyal to Britain. | |
| 207234651 | James Oglethorpe | founder of Georgia in 1733; soldier, statesman , philanthropist. Started Georgia as a haven for people in debt because of his intrest in prison reform. Almost single-handedly kept Georgia afloat. |
