Review set for Mr.Wagner's AP US Chapter 4
Terms : Hide Images
| 7856810601 | Distribution Act | (1836) Required that the government pay the surplus back to the state banks (quarterly), as a loan, which none could pay back. -States recalled loans from state banks -State banks recalled loans from the people -People couldn't pay back | 0 | |
| 7856810602 | Specie Circular | Presidential order, stated that any payment to the gov't for land had to be made in hard currency (in place of paper money) Helped cause the Panic of 1837 | 1 | |
| 7856810603 | William Henry Harrison | War leader, Tyler's VP, liked in the North and the South. Painted as a common man during the election. | 2 | |
| 7856810604 | Spoils System | Recently elected presidents would give government offices to their supporters, such as Jackson's "Kitchen Cabinet" | 3 | |
| 7856810605 | John Calhoun | (SC) Nationalist and expansionist and believed in the preservation of slavery. Called the "Cast Iron Man" | 4 | |
| 7856810606 | Daniel Webster | (MA) Very good orator, lawyer who represented business interests, supported a high tariff, a strong national bank, and a strong federal gov't | 5 | |
| 7856810607 | Henry Clay | (KY) "Spokesman of the West", a master of political compromise. Speaker of the House (1811-1825) and was in favor of reforming the transportation system | 6 | |
| 7856810608 | Nullification Proclamation | President Andrew Jackson's strong criticism of South Carolina's Ordinance of Nullification (1832) as disunionist and potentially treasonous. | 7 | |
| 7856810609 | Indian Removal Act | law passed in 1830 that forced many Native American nations to move west of the Mississippi River | 8 | |
| 7856810610 | Exposition and Protest | 1828, John C. Calhoun wrote this in protest to the Tariff of 1828. In it, he said that a state should be able to nullify a federal law (The Tariff of 1828) | 9 | |
| 7856810611 | Tariff of Abomination | Tariff passed by Congress in 1828 that favored manufacturing in the North because it put a high tax on imported goods (mostly luxury goods, which were popular with Southern planters) | 10 | |
| 7856810612 | Peggy Eaton affair | Social scandal; John Eaton, Secretary of War, stayed with the Timberlakes when in Washington, and there were rumors of his affair with Peggy Timberlake before her husband died in 1828; cabinet members snubbed the socially unacceptable Mrs. Eaton; Jackson sided with Eatons; affair helped dissolve cabinet. | 11 | |
| 7856810613 | Charles River Bridge | The interests of the community are more important than the interests of business; the supremacy of society's interest over private interest. Developed over a toll bridge in Boston. | 12 | |
| 7856810614 | Western Expansion | -Bolstered national pride -Dissuaded nonvoters from moving west -Not able to vote, but had to fight | 13 | |
| 7856810615 | Tariff of 1832 | Jackson tried to satisfy the south by lowering tariffs, Congress passed the reduced tariffs, South Carolina legislature still thought it was to high. It was nullified, but Jackson ignored the measure. | 14 | |
| 7856810616 | Cherokee vs. Georgia | 1831. Determined that while the Cherokee people were an independent nation, they were still a "denominated domestic dependent nation". Denied an injunction brought forth by the tribe to null and void all laws enforced by Georgia over the tribe. | 15 | |
| 7856810617 | Worcester vs. Georgia | Supreme Court favored in the side of the Cherokees, seeing as Georgia had tried to remove the tribe from their land, which Marshall said, was not in their power, seeing as foreign relations were the federal government's responsibility | 16 | |
| 7856810618 | Five Civilized Tribes | The 5 Native American Tribes, Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw, that had adopted Christianity and other white customs. | 17 | |
| 7856810619 | Election of 1824 | Controversial election -> Jackson won the popular vote, and more electoral votes than anyone else, but not the majority, so the House had to choose. Henry Clay persuaded the house to vote for John Adams, so John Adams won, and made Clay secretary of state. Jackson called this the "corrupt bargain" | 18 | |
| 7856810620 | Second Party System | (1830s-1850s) Democrats & Whigs | 19 | |
| 7856810621 | Missouri Compromise | Written by Henry Clay in 1820, Missouri becomes a state, but is divided between free/slave territory at the 36o30' parallel. ME is added as a free state, so that the balance of power is still steady | 20 | |
| 7856810622 | Monroe Doctrine | President James Monroe's statement forbidding further colonization in the Americas (largely by Europeans) and that any attempt by a foreign country to colonize would be considered an act of hostility | 21 | |
| 7856810623 | Patriarchy | A social organization marked by the supremacy by the father in the clan or family, the legal dependence of wives and children, and the reckoning of descent and inheritance in the male line | 22 | |
| 7856810624 | Market Revolution | A result of development in transportation, commercialization, and industrialization | 23 | |
| 7856810625 | Putting Out System | "Cottage Industry", merchants supplied workers with raw materials, the workers turned out the finished product, which the merchant then sold | 24 | |
| 7856810626 | Family Mills | Small mills run by families | 25 | |
| 7856810627 | Eli Whitney | The first American to attempt interchangeable parts, invented the Cotton Gin | 26 | |
| 7856810628 | Alabama fever | The mass movement of whites to the Alabama/Mississippi area after the War of 1812 | 27 | |
| 7856810629 | Cotton Culture | The South's complete devotion of resources and energy into making more cotton | 28 | |
| 7856810630 | Yeomen | Independent small-time farmers who usually ran their farms alongside their families in NW Georgia, lived in small communities | 29 | |
| 7856810631 | John Flintoff | Moved to Mississippi in 1841, failed as an overseer on his uncle's plantation and moved to North Carolina where he (with help) bought 124 acres of land and became modestly wealthy | 30 | |
| 7856810632 | Thomas Chaplin | Descended from an indentured servant, married the daughter of a wealthy merchant, and moved to Tombee Plantation on St. Helena Island. Poorly managed his plantation. | 31 | |
| 7856810633 | St. Helena Island | Fertile island with a climate which bred mosquito-borne malaria from mid-May into November (when the residents had to move to Charleston) | 32 | |
| 7856810634 | Frederick Stanton | Immigrated from N. Ireland and made a fortune in cotton brokering. Owned 444 slaves and 15,109 acres of land at the time of his death | 33 | |
| 7856810635 | Surgets family | Frank and James, owned 93,000 acres in Mississippi, Arkansas, and LA. Owned 1,000 slaves combined | 34 | |
| 7856810636 | Plantation Mistress | Had no autonomy, but many chores, including tending to family members, supervising slaves, and daily domestic tasks. COULD NOT threaten the husband's authority. | 35 | |
| 7856810637 | Ordinance of Nullification | Announced South Carolina's rejection and refusal to collect the taxes imposed by the Tariff of 1832. Called for the raising of militia and the possibility of seceeding from the Union | 36 | |
| 7856810638 | Force Bill | Authorized the federal government to collect the tariffs in South Carolina by any means necesary | 37 | |
| 7856810639 | Bank War | Political battle between Jackson, Clay and Nicolas Biddle over the renewal of the U.S. Bank; Jackson vetoed the recharter, (although they believed he wouldn't, due to the fact that it was an election year) and put funds back into the hands of the states | 38 | |
| 7856810640 | Democrats | Believed in the rights of the small yeomen farmers, became identified with independence and dislike of infringement on people's rights (gov't or financial i.e. the Bank of the US) Expansionist, pushed for Indian removal, and wanted free rein on the western frontier | 39 | |
| 7856810641 | Whigs | Saw a strong federal role in the economy, supported a strong central gov't, the national bank, internal improvements, and a protective tariff. Favored gov't intervention in economics and wanted education and social reforms. Many were rich, had most strength in the NE. | 40 | |
| 7856810642 | Rush-Bagot Treaty | (1817) The US and British agreed to set limits on the number of naval vessels each could have on the Great Lakes. | 41 | |
| 7856810643 | Convention of 1818 | Set the border between the U.S. and Canada at the 49th parallel (or latitude). Also affirmed U.S. rights to fisheries along Newfoundland and Labrador. | 42 | |
| 7856810644 | Transcontinental Treaty | (1819) Gained more land from the Spanish in Florida | 43 |
