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| 5248743802 | French and Indian War | (1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won. | 0 | |
| 5248743803 | Seven Years War | worldwide struggle between France and Great Britain for power and control of land | 1 | |
| 5248743824 | Fort Necessity | A hastily built British fort where Washington attempted to defeat the French. However, the French took the fort and forced Washington to surrender. | 2 | |
| 5248746011 | Albany Plan of Union | plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 that aimed to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; the plan was turned down by the colonies and the Crown | 3 | |
| 5248746012 | Benjamin Franklin | Printer, author, inventor, diplomat, statesman, and Founding Father. One of the few Americans who was highly respected in Europe, primarily due to his discoveries in the field of electricity. He helped to negotiate French support for the American Revolution. | 4 | |
| 5248748665 | Join or Die Cartoon | 13 colonies should "Unite" (Benjamin Franklin) | 5 | |
| 5248750851 | Battle of the Monongahela | battle where Braddock is ambushed when trying to attain Fort Duquesne | 6 | |
| 5248750852 | Fort Duquesne | A key French fort. Whoever took over Fort Duquesne would win the French and Indian War. This fort was burned down by the French because they couldn't get their supplies. | 7 | |
| 5248753710 | General Edward Braddock | commander in chief of the general forces in America during the French and Indian War, killed right out of the shoot not long after he started | 8 | |
| 5248753711 | William Pitt | The Prime Minister of England during the French and Indian War. He increased the British troops and military supplies in the colonies, and this is why England won the war. | 9 | |
| 5248755069 | General John Forbes | The General who took Fort Duquesne in 1758 | 10 | |
| 5248755070 | Fort Pitt | A British fort that was built after the French burned Fort Duquesne down. This caused the British to win the French and Indian War. | 11 | |
| 5248757378 | Pittsburgh | Location of fort Pitt | 12 | |
| 5248757379 | Battle of Quebec | (1759) British victory over French forces on the outskirts of Quebec. The surrender of Quebec marked the beginning of the end of French rule in North America. | 13 | |
| 5248759129 | General James Wolfe | British general who led the charge against the French at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham. | 14 | |
| 5248759130 | Plains of Abraham | Site of the death of Generals Wolfe and Montcalm, where France's New World empire also perished | 15 | |
| 5248760419 | General Montcalm | French Commander who fought against the British in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in 1759 | 16 | |
| 5248760420 | Peace of Paris 1763 | Ended the Seven Year's War, France had to abandon all claim to North America; Great Britain received Canada and the eastern half of the Mississippi Valley, Spain got back the Philippine Islands and Cuba, but had to cede East and West Florida to England | 17 | |
| 5248763191 | Poniac's Rebellion | Series of frontier raids by Great Lakes tribes vs. their new British landlords. Led to British efforts to pacify the Indians | 18 | |
| 5248763211 | Proclamation of 1763 | A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalacian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east. | 19 | |
| 5248765298 | Acadians | French residents of Nova Scotia, many of whom were uprooted by the British in 1755 and scattered as far south as Louisiana, where their descendants became known as "Cajuns" | 20 | |
| 5248765299 | George Greenville | Prime Minister of England, began enforcing 1763 Navigation Acts strictly and instituted other taxes the colonists found unbearable | 21 | |
| 5248777030 | Sugar Act | (1764) British deeply in debt partl to French & Indian War. English Parliament placed a tariff on sugar, coffee, wines, and molasses. colonists avoided the tax by smuggling and by bribing tax collectors. | 22 | |
| 5248777031 | Quartering Act | 1765 - Required the colonials to provide food, lodging, and supplies for the British troops in the colonies. | 23 | |
| 5248777032 | Stamp Act | 1765; law that taxed printed goods, including: playing cards, documents, newspapers, etc. | 24 | |
| 5248778995 | Stamp Act Congress | A meeting of delegations from many of the colonies, the congress was formed to protest the newly passed Stamp Act It adopted a declaration of rights as well as sent letters of complaints to the king and parliament, and it showed signs of colonial unity and organized resistance. | 25 | |
| 5248778996 | James Otis | A colonial lawyer who defended (usually for free) colonial merchants who were accused of smuggling. Argued against the writs of assistance and the Stamp Act. "No taxation without representation". He organized the Stamp Act congress. | 26 | |
| 5248779020 | Sons of Liberty | A radical political organization for colonial independence which formed in 1765 after the passage of the Stamp Act. They incited riots and burned the customs houses where the stamped British paper was kept. After the repeal of the Stamp Act, many of the local chapters formed the Committees of Correspondence which continued to promote opposition to British policies towards the colonies. The Sons leaders included Samuel Adams and Paul Revere. | 27 | |
| 5248781142 | Samuel Adams | American Revolutionary leader and patriot, Founder of the Sons of Liberty in Boston and one of the most vocal patriots for independence; signed the Declaration of Independence. | 28 | |
| 5248781143 | Thomas Hutchison | led Royal Navy vessels to prevent tea ships from leaving the harbor | 29 | |
| 5248782788 | Declaratory Act | Act passed in 1766 after the repeal of the stamp act; stated that Parliament had authority over the the colonies and the right to tax and pass legislation "in all cases whatsoever." | 30 | |
| 5248782789 | Townshed Acts | 1767 - series of hidden taxes on paint, glass, lead, paper and tea that the colonists boycotted | 31 | |
| 5248782790 | Massachusetts Circular Letter | A letter written in Boston by Samuel Adams and circulated through the colonies in February, 1768, which urged the colonies not to import goods taxed by the Townshend Acts. Boston, New York, and Philadelphia agreed to non-importation. Parliament ordered all colonial legislatures which did not rescind the circular letters dissolved. | 32 | |
| 5248784817 | Boston Massacre | The first bloodshed of the American Revolution (1770), as British guards at the Boston Customs House opened fire on a crowd killing five Americans | 33 | |
| 5248786955 | Crispus Attucks | A free black man who was the first person killed in the Revolution at the Boston Massacre. | 34 | |
| 5248786956 | John Adams | He defended the British Soldiers in court | 35 | |
| 5248786957 | Tea Act | 1773 act which eliminated import tariffs on tea entering England and allowed the British East India Company to sell directly to consumers rather than through merchants. Led to the Boston Tea Party. | 36 | |
| 5248789070 | Boston Tea Party | A 1773 protest against British taxes in which Boston colonists disguised as Mohawks dumped valuable tea into Boston Harbor. | 37 | |
| 5248789071 | Intolerable Acts | in response to Boston Tea Party, 4 acts passed in 1774, Port of Boston closed, reduced power of assemblies in colonies, permitted royal officers to be tried elsewhere, stripped Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Virginia of their western claims | 38 | |
| 5248791055 | First Continental Congress | convened on September 5, 1774, to protest the Intolerable Acts. The congress endorsed the Suffolk Resolves, voted for a boycott of British imports, and sent a petition to King George III, conceding to Parliament the power of regulation of commerce but stringently objecting to its arbitrary taxation and unfair judicial system. Called on each colony to raise a militia. | 39 | |
| 5248791056 | King George 3 | Was the King of England who disbanded the colonial legislatures, taxed the colonies, and refused the Olive Branch Petition leading to the final break with the colonies. "Blows must decide" | 40 | |
| 5248792974 | General Thomas Gage | The British Military Governor of Massachusetts. | 41 | |
| 5248792975 | Concord Massachusetts | Massachusetts town west of Boston Where British Soldiers Fought In April 1775 | 42 | |
| 5248794588 | Old North Church | two lanterns signaled that the British Troops were traveling by sea | 43 | |
| 5248794589 | Paul Revere | American silversmith remembered for his midnight ride (celebrated in a poem by Longfellow) to warn the colonists in Lexington and Concord that British troops were coming (1735-1818) | 44 | |
| 5248795954 | William Dawes | American patriot who rode with Paul Revere to warn that the British were advancing on Lexington and Concord (1745-1799) | 45 | |
| 5248795955 | Samuel Prescott | The patriot, along with William Dawes and Paul Revere, warned the colonists that the British were coming before Lexington and Concord, carried Reveres message after he was captured. | 46 | |
| 5248798992 | Lexington Massachusetts | Massachusetts town West of Boston where the first shots of the Revolutionary war were fired in April 1775 | 47 | |
| 5248800696 | "Shot heard 'round the world" | nickname for the battle of Lexington and Concord; first time a colony revolted against its mother nation | 48 | |
| 5248800697 | North Bridge | Where the patriots counterattacked | 49 | |
| 5248803118 | Second Continental Congress | Convened in May 1775, the Congress opposed the drastic move toward complete independence from Britain. In an effort to reach a reconciliation, the Congress offered peace under the conditions that there be a cease-fire in Boston, that the Coercive Acts be repealed, and that negotiations begin immediately. King George III rejected the petition. | 50 | |
| 5248803119 | Olive Branch Petition | On July 8, 1775, the colonies made a final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government if it addressed their grievances (repealed the Coercive Acts, ended the taxation without representation policies). It was rejected by Parliament, which in December 1775 passed the American Prohibitory Act forbidding all further trade with the colonies. | 51 | |
| 5248804574 | John Dickenson | Wrote the Declaration of Grievances | 52 | |
| 5248804575 | Hessians | German soldiers hired by George III to smash Colonial rebellion, proved good in mechanical sense but they were more concerned about money than duty. | 53 | |
| 5248804576 | Common Sense | A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that claimed the colonies had a right to be an independent nation | 54 | |
| 5248805819 | Thomas Paine | American Revolutionary leader and pamphleteer (born in England). "people will expect a lion and get an ass" "Reconciliation is not possible with the mother country when the parent country devours it's young" | 55 | |
| 5248805820 | Thomas Jefferson | 3rd President of the United States , He was a delegate from Virginia at the Second Continental Congress and wrote the Declaration of Independence. | 56 | |
| 5248805821 | John Locke | English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property. | 57 | |
| 5248809004 | Montesquieu | (1689-1755) wrote 'Spirit of the Laws', said that no single set of political laws was applicable to all - depended on relationship and variables, supported division of government | 58 | |
| 5249149580 | 4 Parts of the Declaration | 1. Purpose/preamble 2. Declaration of Rights 3. Complaints 4. Resolution | 59 | |
| 5249191159 | Fort Ticonderoga | Built by French. Guarded Lake Champlain+taken by the British in French and Indian War | 60 | |
| 5248821639 | Ethan Allen | A Vermont blacksmith. Led the Green Mountain Boys in a surprise attack on Fort Ticonderoga. Won the Fort, and a valuable supply of cannons and gun powder, and control of a key route into Canada. | 61 | |
| 5249213775 | Boston | British hold up after Lexington+Concord | 62 | |
| 5248821641 | General William Howe | Took over for General Gage. He took command of British troops in North America after the Battle of Bunker Hill. He captured New York and Philadelphia, but botched the plan to isolate the New England colonies in 1777. He resigned in 1778. | 63 | |
| 5248823434 | Breeds Hill | Battle of Bunker Hill, fortify Bunker Hill instead | 64 | |
| 5248823435 | Battle of Bunker Hill | First major battle of the Revolutions. It showed that the Americans could hold their own, but the British were also not easy to defeat. Ultimately, the Americans were forced to withdraw after running out of ammunition, and Bunker Hill was in British hands. However, the British suffered more deaths. | 65 | |
| 5248824829 | George Washington | 1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution (1732-1799) | 66 | |
| 5248824830 | Henry Knox | Took guns+artillery from British at Fort Ticonderoga to Boston | 67 | |
| 5248827536 | Dorchester Heights | Guns+artillery place there overlooking Boston | 68 | |
| 5248830078 | Dunmore Proclamation | Promised freedom to any runaway slave who joined British army. Many slaves 1) were sold 2) were abducted 3) ran away of own free will | 69 | |
| 5248831487 | Contradiction of the Revolution | Fighting the war for freedom+denying it to blacks | 70 | |
| 5248833043 | Strengths and Weaknesses | Pg 3 Rev War Notes | 71 | |
| 5248833044 | New York City | July 4, 1776 British arrive with armada=take position on staten Island | 72 | |
| 5248833045 | Staten Island | British took position there | 73 | |
| 5248835142 | Brooklyn Heights | Washington took position there | 74 | |
| 5248835143 | Nathan Hale | captured+executed by British "He regretted that he had one life to give for his country." | 75 | |
| 5248835144 | Battle of Long Island | 1776 battle in New York in which more than 1,400 Americans were killed, wounded or captured; the rest retreated to Manhattan with the British in pursuit | 76 | |
| 5248836624 | Battle of Trenton | On December 25th, Washington crossed Deleware River, and took advantage of the Hessains because they were celebrating Christmas. He took the Hessains by surprise, and it was a victory for the Continental army. | 77 | |
| 5248838124 | Johann Rall | Hessian Col. that was killed at the Battle of Trenton | 78 | |
| 5248839984 | Battle of Princeton | A week after the Battle at Trenton, Washington left a few men to tend some campfires and fool the enemy again. He quietly marched his army to Princeton, where they surprised and beat a British force. New Jersey turned Patriot. This battle helped the American morale. | 79 | |
| 5248842239 | Hudson Campaign | British plan to take control of the Hudson River+split off New England from the other colonies | 80 | |
| 5248842240 | General Burgoyne | A soldier who led the British to capture the Hudson River Valley in 1777. Led from the North in Canada | 81 | |
| 5248844297 | General Howe | British general who chose to relax in New York and Philadelphia rather than march up the Hudson to battle | 82 | |
| 5248847254 | Philadelphia | Captured by General Howe | 83 | |
| 5248847255 | Battle of Saratoga | Turning point of the American Revolution. It was very important because it convinced the French to give the U.S. military support. It lifted American spirits, ended the British threat in New England by taking control of the Hudson River, and, most importantly, showed the French that the Americans had the potential to beat their enemy, Great Britain. | 84 | |
| 5248849167 | General Horatio Gates | American general at Battle of Saratoga. | 85 | |
| 5248849169 | Battle of Brandywine | Howe sails from New York City and up the Chesapeake River. Arches towards Philadelphia and beats George Washington. British takes over Philadelphia. | 86 | |
| 5248851103 | Battle of Germantown | Battle during which the Continental Army unsuccessfully attempted to drive the British out of Pennsylvania, October 4, 1777 - George Washington leadership in question | 87 | |
| 5248851104 | Valley Forge | Place where Washington's army spent the winter of 1777-1778, a 4th of troops died here from disease and malnutriton, Steuben comes and trains troops | 88 | |
| 5248852461 | Frederick Von Steuben | German who trained the Continental Army | 89 | |
| 5248852462 | General Nathaniel Green | Led foraging expeditions to feed starving army | 90 | |
| 5248855881 | Spring and Summer of 1778 | General Howe=removed+replaced with Clinton | 91 | |
| 5248855882 | General Henry Clinton | Gave up Philadelphia+returned to New York to defend city from French fleet | 92 | |
| 5248858265 | Battle of Monmouth Courthouse | battle between Continentals under George Washington and General Henry Clinton's forces which were attempting retreat from Philadelphia. Washington's new army holds the field. British retreat. GW fires Gen. Lee | 93 | |
| 5248858266 | Benedict Arnold | American General who was labeled a traitor when he assisted the British in a failed attempt to take the American fort at West Point. | 94 | |
| 5248858267 | West Point | Important Fort that Arnold tried to give to British | 95 | |
| 5248859803 | Fort Arnold | West Point | 96 | |
| 5248859804 | Southern Strategy | British take Charlestown, SC=General Benjamin Lincoln forced to surrender | 97 | |
| 5248861762 | General Cornwallis | British General who surrendered at Yorktown | 98 | |
| 5248861763 | General Nathaniel Greene | 1780-83, south, he was sent to the south to attempt to help the colonists there. Loyalist militias are growing. He is a very resourceful commander than can do a lot with less. He is playing keep away and avoiding the major battles | 99 | |
| 5248863296 | Battle of Yorktown | Last major battle of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis and his troops were trapped in the Chesapeake Bay by the French fleet. He was sandwiched between the French navy and the American army. He surrendered October 19, 1781. | 100 | |
| 5248863297 | General Lafayette | He was noted for being the hero of the two worlds because he fought in the American Revolution as well. He was the one nobleman who everyone respected. | 101 | |
| 5248865323 | General Rochambeau | French general who helped Americans and George Washington win the Battle of Yorktown. | 102 | |
| 5248865324 | Admiral DeGrasse | was a French admiral. He is best known for his command of the French fleet at the Battle of the Chesapeake, which led directly to the British surrender at Yorktown. | 103 | |
| 5248867828 | October 19, 1781 | British surrenders at Yorktown, Virginia to a combined American and French force | 104 | |
| 5248867829 | Treaty of Paris 1783 | This treaty ended the Revolutionary War, recognized the independence of the American colonies, and granted the colonies the territory from the southern border of Canada to the northern border of Florida, and from the Atlantic coast to the Mississippi River | 105 |
