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| 240361640 | Shakers | Date:1770s Description/Significance: During the 1770s, there were group of people called "Shakers" who were named after their lively dance worship. Their characteristics were that they emphasized simple, communal living and were all expected to practice celibacy. They were first came to America from England by Mother Ann Lee. There were six thousand members by 1840; however, the movement died out by the 1940s. | |
| 240361618 | Tammany Hall | Date:1789 Description/Significance: Tammany Hall was powerful New York political organization. It drew support from immigrants. The immigrants relied on Tammany Hall patronage, particularly for social services. This is significant in that it gave immigrants rights to vote. | |
| 240361625 | Turnpike | Date:1790s Description/Significance: The turnpike was a privately funded, toll-based public road which was constructed in the early nineteenth century to facilitate commerce. This is significant in that it developed national economy by creating faster and efficient transportation. | |
| 240361620 | Eli Whitney and the Cotton Gin | Date: 1793 Description/Significance: Cotton gin was invented by Eli Whitney. This made the process of harvesting cotton faster and efficient. This invention was significant in that it made cotton cultivation more profitable and revitalized the Southern economy and increased the importance of slavery in the South. | |
| 240361630 | The Age of Reason | Date:1794 Description/Significance: The Age of Reason was written by Thomas Paine. This accused churches for seeking to acquire "power and profit" and to "enslave mankind". This was significant in that it promoted Deism. | |
| 240361634 | Horace Mann and Education | Date:1796-1859 Description/Significance: He fought for better schools. He is known as the "Father of Public Education". He is significant figure in that he realized the importance of education during his generation and worked hard to make high-quality education. | |
| 240361643 | Henry David Thoreau | Date:1817-1862 Description/Significance: He condemned slavery. He is the author of "Walden: Or life in the Woods". He also wrote "On the Duty of Civil Disobedience" which was idealistic in thought. His writing was important in that it was a forerunner of Gandhi and then Martin Luther King Jr., saying it is not wrong to disobey a wrong law. | |
| 240361645 | Herman Melville | Date: 1819-1891 Description/Significance: He is the author of "Moby Dick" which was an allegory between good and evil told of a whaling captain. He is significant in that his writings reflected Calvinist obsession with original sin and struggle between good and evil. | |
| 240361644 | Walt Whitman | Date:1819-1892 Description/Significance: He is the author of "Leaves of Grass". He is also known as "Poet Laureate of Democracy". He is a significant author during the era of transcendentalism movement during 1830s. | |
| 240361626 | Erie Canal | Date: 1825 Description/Significance: Erie Canal was created as New York state canal. This linked Lake Erie to the Hudson River. This canal was significant in that it lowered shipping costs dramatically, and fueled an economic boom in upstate New York and increased the profitability of farming in the Old Northwest. | |
| 240361638 | New Harmony and Brook Farm | Date: 1825 Description/Significance: New Harmony was a communal society with nearly one thousand members. It was established in New Harmony, Indiana by a leader named Robert Owen. This society attracted a hodgepodge of individuals, from scholars to crooks. But it fell apart because of continuous infighting and confusion after two years. This is significant in that it reflected Second Great Awakening beliefs. | |
| 240361635 | American Temperance Society | Date:1826 Description/Significance: American Temperance Society was founded in Boston in 1826. This is significant in that it was part of a growing effort of nineteenth-century reformers to limit alcohol consumption. | |
| 240361633 | Mormons | Date:1830 Description/Significance: Mormons were religious followers of Joseph Smith. He is who founded a communal, oligarchic religious order in the 1830s, officially known as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. Later, mormons faced deep hostility from their non-Mormon neighbors and eventually migrated west and established a settlement in Utah. They are significant in that it reflected reform spirit during this era. | |
| 240361632 | Burned-Over District | Date:1830 Description/Significance: Burned-Over District was a term for Western New York. This was a region particularly swept up in the religious fervor of the Second Great Awakening. This is significant in that it showed the radical level of reform movement during this era. | |
| 240361624 | McCormick and the reaper | Date: 1831 Description/Significance: McCormick and the reaper mechanized the harvest of grains such as wheat allowing farmers to cultivate larger plots. This is significant in that it fueled the establishment of large scale commercial agriculture in the Midwest. | |
| 240361621 | Patton Office | Date:1838 Description/Significance: Patton Office, also known as Patent Office, is a federal government bureau that reviews patent applications which is legal recognition of a new invention that grants exclusive rights to the inventor for a period of years. This is significant in that it showed all useful inventions were already invented. | |
| 240361622 | Commonwealth v. Hunt | Date:1842 Description/Significance: Commonwealth v. Hunt was a Massachusetts Supreme Court case. This is significant in that it strengthened the labor movement by upholding the legality of the unions. | |
| 240361639 | Oneida Community | Date:1848 Description/Significance: Oneida Community was a radical utopian communities established in the nineteenth-century. The community advocated "free love," birth control, and eugenics. This is significant in that these utopian communities reflected the reformist spirit of the age. | |
| 240361637 | Woman's Rights Convention at Seneca Falls | Date:1848 Description/Significance: This was gathering of feminist activists in Seneca Falls, New York. This is where Elizabeth Cady Stanton read her "Declaration of Sentiments," stating that "all men and women are created equal". This is significant in that it recognized women's rights and was the first declaration for women's rights. | |
| 240361619 | Know-Nothing Party | Date:1850s Description/Significance: This was Nativist political party, also known as the American party. This emerged in response to increase of immigrants coming into America, particularly Irish Catholics. This showed that large number of immigrants caused the nativists to prejudiced against newcomers in jobs, politics, and religion. | |
| 240361636 | Maine Law of 1851 | Date: 1851 Description/Significance: This law prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcohol. After this law, other states followed this law. This is significant in that most statutes proved ineffective and were repealed within a decade. | |
| 240361627 | Pony Express | Date:1860 Description/Significance: This was a short-lived, speedy mail service between Missouri and California. It relied on lightweight riders galloping between closely placed outposts. This is significant in that it was a speedy communication that was developed during this era. | |
| 240361629 | Market Revolution | Date:eighteenth and nineteenth-century Description/Significance: This revolution was during eighteenth and nineteenth-century. This is significant in that it led to transformation from a disaggregated economy to a national commercial and industrial network. | |
| 240361631 | Second Great Awakening | Date:early nineteenth century Description/Significance: Second Great Awakening was brought by liberalism in religion in 1800. This was a religious revival characterized by emotional mass "camp meetings" and widespread conversion. This is significant in that it resulted in prison reform, church reform, temperance movement, women's rights movement, abolition of slavery in 1830s. | |
| 240361623 | Cult of Domesticity | Date:nineteenth-century Description/Significance: Cult of Domesticity was prevailing idea in nineteenth-century that promoting the domestic role of women such as taking care of husband and children. It is significant in that it gave married women greater authority to shape home life; however, it limited opportunities outside the domestic sphere. | |
| 240361628 | Transportation Revolution | Date:nineteenth-century Description/Significance: Transportation Revolution was a series of nineteenth-century transportation innovations. New developed transportation included turnpikes, steamboats, canals, and railroads. This revolution was significant in that it linked local and regional markets which created a national economy. | |
| 240361641 | Hudson River School | Date:mid nineteenth-century Description/Significance: The Hudson River School was American artistic movement. This movement produced romantic rendition of local landscapes. This significant in that it promoted public education in America. | |
| 240361642 | Transcendentalism | Date:mid nineteenth-century Description/Significance: Transcendentalism was a literary intellectual movement. It emphasized individualism and self-reliance. Transcendentalists believed that each person possess an "inner-light" that can point the way to truth and direct contact with God. This is significant in that it developed the American culture and literature. |
