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| 6398678358 | Serviceman's Readjustment Act | 1944, Known as the GI bill; it provides Veterans of WWII with unemployment insurance and money for housing and college. Promoting a better educated workforce and promoting new construction, the federal government helped the economy as well. | 0 | |
| 6398678359 | 22nd Amendment | Passed in 1951 in reaction to FDR's 4 terms, this amendment limits presidents to two terms of office. | 1 | |
| 6398678360 | Taft-Hartley Act | (HT) 1947, , The Act was passed over the veto of Harry S. Truman on the 23rd June, 1947 ("slave-labor bill"). The act declared the closed shop illegal and permitted the union shop only after a vote of a majority of the employees. It also forbade jurisdictional strikes and secondary boycotts. Other aspects of the legislation included the right of employers to be exempted from bargaining with unions unless they wished to. The act forbade unions from contributing to political campaigns and required union leaders to affirm they were not supporters of the Communist Party. This aspect of the act was upheld by the Supreme Court on 8th May, 1950. | 2 | |
| 6398678361 | Dixiecrats | Conservative southern Democrats who objected to President Truman's strong push for civil-rights legislation. Southern Democrats who broke from the party in 1948 over the issue of civil rights and ran a presidential ticket as the States' Rights Democrats with J. Strom Thurmond of South Carolina as a canidate. | 3 | |
| 6398678362 | Strom Thurmond | He was an American politician who served as governor of South Carolina and as a United States Senator. He also ran for the presidency of the United States in 1948 under the States' Rights Party (Dixiecrats) | 4 | |
| 6398678363 | Thomas Dewey | The Republican presidential nominee in 1944, Dewey was the popular governor of New York. Roosevelt won a sweeping victory in this election of 1944. Dewey also ran against Harry Truman in the 1948 presidential election. Dewey seemed certain to win the election, and conducted a cautious and unexciting campaign. Truman, the man without a chance, toured the nation by rail, giving rousing speeches. On election day, Truman took Dewey by 2 million pop votes and 303-189 electoral votes. | 5 | |
| 6398678364 | Fair Deal | Truman's attempt at extension of the New Deal; attempted to get national health care, federal aid to education, civil rights legislation, funds for public housing and a new farm program. Congress blocked all of these attempts, only raising the minimum wage from 40-75 cents an hour and adding more workers to Social Security. | 6 | |
| 6398678365 | Iron Curtain | (HT) , Term used by Churchill in 1946 to describe the growing East-West divide in postwar Europe between communist and democratic nations | 7 | |
| 6398678366 | George Kennan | An expert on Soviet affairs who wrote only "a long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies" would eventually cause the Soviets to back off their Comunist ideology of world domination and live in peace with non-Communist nations | 8 | |
| 6398678367 | Dean Acheson | He was an American statesman and lawyer; as United States Secretary of State in the administration of President Harry S. Truman during 1949-1953, he played a central role in defining American foreign policy during the Cold War. | 9 | |
| 6398678368 | Containment | a U.S. foreign policy adopted by President Harry Truman in the late 1940s, in which the United States tried to stop the spread of communism by creating alliances and helping weak countries to resist Soviet advances | 10 | |
| 6398678369 | Truman Doctrine | First established in 1947 after Britain no longer could afford to provide anti-communist aid to Greece and Turkey, it pledged to provide U.S. military and economic aid to any nation threatened by communism. | 11 | |
| 6398678370 | Marshall Plan | Introduced by Secretary of State George G. Marshall in 1947, he proposed massive and systematic American economic aid to Europe to revitalize the European economies after WWII and help prevent the spread of Communism. | 12 | |
| 6398678371 | Berlin airlift | Successful effort by the United States and Britain to ship by air 2.3 million tons of supplies to the residents of the Western-controlled sectors of Berlin from June 1948 to May 1949, in response to a Soviet blockade of all land and canal routes to the divided city. | 13 | |
| 6398678372 | NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries | 14 | |
| 6398678373 | National Security Act | 1947; enacted to back up the Truman Doctrine; established the National Security Council to advise the president, established the Central Intelligence Agency to gather information abroad and engage in covert activities in support of the nation's security, began the processes of transforming the old War and Navy Depts into the Department of Defense, and combined the leadership of the army,navy, and air force under the Joint Chiefs of Staff; showed Truman's and Americans' fears of communist invasion after WWII | 15 | |
| 6398678374 | NSC-68 | Report in which the National Security Council recommended quadrupling US gov defense spending to 20% of GNP, forming alliances with non-Communist countries, and convincing the American public that a costly arms buildup was imperative to the nation's defense. (1950) | 16 | |
| 6398678375 | Chiang Kai-shek | (1887-1975), Chinese statesman and general; president of China 1928-31 and 1943-49 and of Taiwan 1950-75. He tried to unite China by military means in the 1930s but was defeated by the Communists. Forced to abandon mainland China in 1949, he set up a separate Nationalist Chinese State in Taiwan. | 17 | |
| 6398678376 | Mao Zedong | This man became the leader of the Chinese Communist Party and remained its leader until his death. He declared the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 and supported the Chinese peasantry throughout his life. | 18 | |
| 6398678377 | 38th parallel | Line that divided Korea - Soviet Union occupied the north and United States occupied the south, during the Cold War. | 19 | |
| 6398678378 | HUAC | The Un-American Activities Committee was a Congressional committee that investigated Communist influence inside and outside the US gov. after WWII; targeted people in the movie industry thought to be Communist and investigated government officials and organizations (such as Boy Scouts), part of the 1950's Red Scare | 20 | |
| 6398678379 | Alger Hiss | A U.S. State Department official involved in the establishment of the United Nations. He was accused of being a Soviet spy in 1948 by Whittaker Chambers and prosecuted by Richard Nixon; convicted of perjury in connection with this charge in 1950 | 21 | |
| 6398678380 | Whittaker Chambers | A confessed Communist and a star witness for the HUAC in 1948 when he testified against Alger Hiss. | 22 | |
| 6398678381 | Rosenbergs | Couple executed for passing military secrets to the Soviets, Husband and wife tried and excuted for treason under suspicion of Communist influence and trading atomic bomb secrets with the Soviet Union. | 23 | |
| 6398678382 | Joseph McCarthy | 1950s; Wisconsin senator claimed to have list of communists in American government, but no credible evidence; took advantage of fears of communism post WWII to become incredibly influential; "McCarthyism" was the fearful accusation of any dissenters of being communists | 24 | |
| 6398678383 | Dwight Eisenhower | United States general who supervised the invasion of Normandy and the defeat of Nazi Germany. 34th President of the United States (1890-1961) | 25 | |
| 6398678384 | Richard Nixon | Vice President under Eisenhower and 37th President of the United States. resigned after the Watergate scandal in 1974 (1913-1994) | 26 | |
| 6398678385 | Modern Republicanism | President Eisenhower's views. Claiming he was liberal toward people but conservative about spending money, he helped balance the federal budget and lower taxes without destroying existing social programs. | 27 | |
| 6398678386 | Interstate Highway system | Ike backed the interstate highway act of 1956, a $27 billion plan to build forty-two thousand miles of sleek, fast motorways. | 28 | |
| 6398678387 | John Foster Dulles | United States diplomat who (as Secretary of State) pursued a policy of opposition to the USSR by providing aid to American allies (1888-1959) | 29 | |
| 6398678388 | "brinksmanship" | The principle of not backing down in a crisis, even if it meant taking the country to the brink of war. Policy of both the U.S. and U.S.S.R. during the Cold War. | 30 | |
| 6398678389 | massive retaliation | Eisenhower's policy; it advocated the full use of American nuclear weapons to counteract even a Soviet ground attack in Europe | 31 | |
| 6398678390 | Third World | Term applied to a group of developing countries who professed nonalignment during the Cold War. | 32 | |
| 6398678391 | Indochina | a peninsula of southeastern Asia that includes Myanmar and Cambodia and Laos and Malaysia and Thailand and Vietnam | 33 | |
| 6398678392 | Geneva Conference | A conference between many countries that agreed to end hostilities and restore peace in French Indochina and Vietnam. | 34 | |
| 6398678393 | Ho Chi Minh | Vietnamese communist statesman who fought the Japanese in World War II and the French until 1954 and South vietnam until 1975 (1890-1969) | 35 | |
| 6398678394 | Vietnam | a prolonged war (1954-1975) between the communist armies of North Vietnam who were supported by the Chinese and the non-communist armies of South Vietnam who were supported by the United States | 36 | |
| 6398678395 | domino theory | the political theory that if one nation comes under Communist control then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control | 37 | |
| 6398678396 | Southeast Asia Treaty Organization | an international organization for collective defense to block further communist gains is Southeast Asia - 1954 | 38 | |
| 6398678397 | Suez Canal Crisis | Ike prevents war between Egypt, Israel and Britain over the nationalizing of this thing by condemning his allies (1956) | 39 | |
| 6398678398 | Eisenhower Doctrine | policy of the US that it would defend the middle east against attack by any communist country | 40 | |
| 6398678399 | Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries | Organization of oil-producing nations who cut off oil to the US for supporting Israel | 41 | |
| 6398678400 | Nikita Khrushchev | ruled the USSR from 1958-1964; lessened government control of soviet citizens; seeked peaceful coexistence with the West instead of confrontation | 42 | |
| 6398678401 | Peaceful Coexistence | the two sides in the Cold War decide to cooperate in such areas as space, trade, education, and science | 43 | |
| 6398678402 | Warsaw Pact | treaty signed in 1945 that formed an alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the Iron Curtain; USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania | 44 | |
| 6398678403 | Sputnik | The world's first space satellite. This meant the Soviet Union had a missile powerful enough to reach the US. | 45 | |
| 6398678404 | National Aeronautics and Space Administration | an independent agency of the United States government responsible for aviation and spaceflight | 46 | |
| 6398678405 | U-2 incident | A 1960 incident in which the Soviet military used a guided missile to shoot down an American U-2 spy plane over Soviet territory, revealing a formerly secret American tactic of war. | 47 | |
| 6398678406 | Fidel Castro | Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba (born in 1927) | 48 | |
| 6398678407 | Cuba | became Communist and Soviet Union's alliance and have missiles pointed to Washington D.C | 49 | |
| 6398678408 | military-industrial complex | Eisenhower's term for the close ties between the defense industry and the Pentagon that might influence government policy. | 50 | |
| 6398678409 | civil rights | Policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals | 51 | |
| 6398678410 | Jackie Robinson | The first African American player in the major league of baseball. His actions helped to bring about other opportunities for African Americans. | 52 | |
| 6398678411 | NAACP | The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People tried to protect the constitutional right of African Americans. An act that wasn't passed by congress. | 53 | |
| 6398678412 | desegregation | the action of incorporating a racial or religious group into a community | 54 | |
| 6398678413 | Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka | In a 9-0 vote, the separate but equal doctrine was abandoned when it was decided that the education system was not equal. | 55 | |
| 6398678414 | Earl Warren | Chief Justice during the 1950's and 1960's who used a loose interpretation to expand rights for both African-Americans and those accused of crimes. Presided of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. | 56 | |
| 6398678415 | Little Rock Crisis | 1957 - Governor Faubus sent the Arkansas National Guard to prevent nine Black students from entering Little Rock Central High School. Eisenhower sent in U.S. paratroopers to ensure the students could attend class. | 57 |
