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| 5478976122 | Landbrige (Bering) | route where humans from Asia and Europe came over to the Americas | 0 | |
| 5478975686 | Amerigo Vespucci | explorer America named after | 1 | |
| 5478977652 | Anasazi | in Chaco Canyon, roads, irrigation system | 2 | |
| 5478978710 | Adena and Hopewell | (Ohio Valley): Large ceremonial grounds, trade network | 3 | |
| 5479041822 | Iroquois | new york | 4 | |
| 5479042278 | Powhattan | Virginina (Pocahontas) | 5 | |
| 5478981146 | Cortes | Aztecs | 6 | |
| 5478981805 | PIzarro | Incas | 7 | |
| 5478982736 | Fr. Junipero Serra | led Catholic Mission system of Spainsh | 8 | |
| 5478984581 | Reasons for Spanish successful conquest | The Native people already were experiencing division and conflict. → Spanish able to use deliberate strategy to provoke anger from different groups and get them to fight each other. Also, Native have less experience in warfare than Europeans. | 9 | |
| 5478980086 | Cahokia | Mississippi valley): Larger ceremonial mounds, trade network | 10 | |
| 5478987993 | - Tupac Amaru(1572): | last Inca king "Mother Earth, witness how my enemies shed my blood." | 11 | |
| 5478986868 | Pope's rebellion | 1680 Pueblo People (New Mexico): INitally successful, Spanish we able to retake the area 12 years later | 12 | |
| 5479039392 | Richard Hakluyt | writer who promoted colonization in America | 13 | |
| 5478989644 | Commercial Reasons for colonization: | Investments: Joint stock companies, sold shares of stock to pay for the colonies and organize them as businesses. -Mercantilism: Seeking gold and resources from colonies and make own goods - Raw Materials: not available in England - New Markets to sell stuff - Land-ownership: people seeking better life | 14 | |
| 5478968586 | Mercantilism | economic theory, colonies exist for benefit of mother country, collect gold and silver, buy more goods that you sell |  | 15 |
| 5478968544 | Elizabeth I | English Queen during golden age. Reestablished Protestantism as the state religion of England and she led the defeat of the Spanish Armada. |  | 16 |
| 5478990420 | Religious Reasons: | - Puritans: A group of protestants who felt the Anglican (Church of England) was too similar to Catholic Rhuch - Wanted to purify what they viewed as corrupt and excessive in the Church of England - Persecuted for their religious view in England, went to America to establish own societies - Did not like symbols | 17 | |
| 5478990896 | Social/Political: | - The enclosure movement: Land in England was converted from farming to pasture (to raise sheep). This led to many unemployed farm workers. Also, England was not at war so many unemployed upper class young men who would normally be in military o Financially beneficial for landowners to convert farm to pasture because uses less land and need lesser workers - Adventure: Thrill seekers, the unknown - People wanting more freedom from the English government/monarchy - English government wanted to weaken Spain by building presence in Americas | 18 | |
| 5478991756 | John Cabot | Cabot commissioned to find a Northern route to reach the Indies - Cabot claims land in New England, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland for the English | 19 | |
| 5478968543 | Walter Raleigh | Founder of England's first American colony. (Roanoke, it failed) |  | 20 |
| 5479040698 | Samuel de Champlain | Father of "New France" founded in Quebec (1608) - fur trade, friendly rel' with Indians | 21 | |
| 5478968545 | Treaty of Tordesillas | a 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal. |  | 22 |
| 5478968550 | Jamestown | Founded in 1607 by the Virginia Company of London. commercial interest. elected Captain John Smith as their leader. |  | 23 |
| 5478968549 | john smith | Helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter (Starvation) . |  | 24 |
| 5478968546 | Pocahontas | a Powhatan woman (the daughter of Powhatan) who befriended the English at Jamestown. Marriage to John Rolfe = first interracial union in america= Peace settlement ending the Anglo-Powhatan War - served as diplomat and even traveled Europe |  | 25 |
| 5478968547 | John Rolfe | He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony. |  | 26 |
| 5478968551 | Thomas Dale | Made governor of Jamestown after John Smith, stern, didn't believe in laziness, created daily schedule |  | 27 |
| 5478968552 | John Calvin | INSTITUTES OF THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION: emphasized predestination and he rejected the medieval Church. he believed that the church and state should be united under the Calvinist faith |  | 28 |
| 5479008676 | Wiliam Bradford | founder of Massachusetts and governor of Pilgrims | 29 | |
| 5478968553 | John Winthrop | Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, envisioned colony as a "city upon a hill" (covenant theology) |  | 30 |
| 5479009434 | Thomas Hooker | Founder of Connecticut | 31 | |
| 5479011615 | Pequot War | War between pequots and Connecticut | 32 | |
| 5478968557 | Roger Williams | He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs. |  | 33 |
| 5478968555 | Anne Hutchinson | A religious dissenter whose ideas provoked an intense religious and political crisis in the Massachusetts Bay Colony between 1636 and 1638. She challenged the principles of Massachusetts's religious and political system. Her ideas became known as the heresy of Antinomianism, a belief that Christians are not bound by moral law. She was latter expelled, with her family and followers, and went and settled at Rode Island, killed by indians |  | 34 |
| 5479011210 | Captain John Mason and Sir Ferdinando Gorges | founder of New H | 35 | |
| 5479003295 | George Calvert (Lord baltimore) | founder of Maryland | 36 | |
| 5479007094 | Peter Minuit | Swedish founder of Delaware --> in English possession | 37 | |
| 5479004429 | James Oglethorpe | founder of Georgia | 38 | |
| 5478968554 | Peter Stuyvesant | The governor of the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam (netherland?), hated by the colonists. They surrendered the colony to the English on Sept. 8, 1664. |  | 39 |
| 5479006397 | George Carteret | founder of new Jersey, receive land from James, founder of New York | 40 | |
| 5482486281 | Maryland Toleration Act of 1649 | Protect Christians (Catholics and Protestants) | 41 | |
| 5479005323 | Wiliam Penn | Pennsylvania, inherited Father's land and gained royal charter, Quaker | 42 | |
| 5478968556 | King Phillips War | Started over land ownership disagreements. The War Between the Puritans and the Pequot, Narragansett,Wampanog, and Nipmunk indians. armed indians in raiding NE towns, eng & allies won, survivors fled N, increase indian hate |  | 43 |
| 5478968570 | headright system | Parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists. |  | 44 |
| 5478968558 | Dominion of New england | 1686-The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros) Charters and self rule were revoked, and the king enforced mercantile laws. The new setup also made for more efficient administration of English Navigation Laws, as well as a better defense system. |  | 45 |
| 5478968569 | half way covenant | response to decline of puritanism. The puritan practice where by parents who had been baptized but had not yet experienced conversion could bring their children before the church and have them baptized.weakend distinction between "elect" and others- dramatizied the difficulty of maintainignreligious devotion |  | 46 |
| 5479045436 | Dissenters | Baptists, Methodists, Quakers, and Unitarians | 47 | |
| 5478968559 | New England Confederation | New England colonists (Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Haven, and Plymouth) formed this in 1643 as a defense against local Native American tribes and encroaching Dutch. The colonists formed the alliance without the English crown's authorization. |  | 48 |
| 5478968560 | Patroonships | Vast estates along the Hudson River established by the Dutch. They had difficulty attracting peasant labor, and most were not successful. |  | 49 |
| 5478968562 | Jeremiads | Puritan preachers Taking their cue from the doom-saying Old Testament prophet Jeremiah, earnest preachers scolded parishioners for their waning piety.Scared people off, decline of puritanism |  | 50 |
| 5478968563 | Glorious Revolution 1688 | Bloodless overthrow of King James II. established William and Mary as the new leaders. |  | 51 |
| 5478968564 | Great Puritan Migration | Many Puritans migrated from England to North America during the 1620s to the 1640s due to belief that the Church of England was beyond reform. Eg 1630 group of puritans led by john winthrop found MA Bay Colony |  | 52 |
| 5478968566 | Bacon's Rebellion | Indentured servants in Virginia revolt against gov and landowners (origionally over lack of protection from indians on frontier). burn Jamestown. look to african slaves as less troublesome source of labor. against Berkley's autocratic rule o Continuous struggle between boundary of white and Native o Show how unwilling English settlers were to abide to earlier agreements with Natives o Show how unwilling Natives were to tolerate white intrusion o Reveal bitterness between Western and Eastern landowners o !!Potential for instability in land of free, landless men in colonies o !!!Although it was Bacon's rebellion, most of rebels were landless, former indentured servants eager for land. Movement was representing animosity of landless toward landowners o to avoid instability in lower class, import African slaves o further dehumanize African slaves so that there is difference between indentured and African slaves |  | 53 |
| 5478968572 | Triangular Trade | Illegal trade created to generate money to buy english goods.The backbone of New England's economy during the colonial period. Ships from New England sailed first to Africa, exchanging New England rum for slaves. The slaves were shipped from Africa to the Caribbean (this was known as the Middle Passage, when many slaves died on the ships). In the Caribbean, the slaves were traded for sugar and molasses. Then the ships returned to New England, where the molasses were used to make rum. |  | 54 |
| 5478968567 | Middle passage | the middle portion of the triangular trade that brought African slaves to the Americas |  | 55 |
| 5479021589 | Marron colonies | fugitive slaves formed own colonies: - Florida: join Spanish militia, Seminole Natives - New Orleans - Great Dismal Swamp | 56 | |
| 5479026015 | Stono Rebellion | 1739 - largest African slave revolt, over 250 revolts took place afterwards | 57 | |
| 5478968568 | Salem witch trials | Several accusations of witchcraft led to sensational trials in Salem, Massachusetts at which Cotton Mather presided as the chief judge. 18 people were hanged as witches. Terrible mistake, shows social tensions, decline of puritanism. |  | 58 |
| 5478968573 | First Great Awakening | 1st grassroots american social movement.series of revivals making church more emotional. Old lights (against) new lights (for). results: democratic, new denominations (meth and bapt), more choice, colleges, old clergy looses prestige |  | 59 |
| 5478968574 | George Whitefield | Most influentian new light speaker during first great awakening |  | 60 |
| 5478968575 | Jonathon edwards | New light preatcher who started the first Great awakening |  | 61 |
| 5479036910 | Old lights vs New lights | - Division between "New Light" revivalists and "Old Light" traditionalists | 62 | |
| 5479030831 | Enlightenment: Lock and Hobbes | Thomas Hobbes: humans are inherently selfish and barbaric → need an absolute ruler who would stabilize the uncivilized society and impose order John Lock:humans are inherently logical and good → do not need an absolute ruler but should be granted freedom and natural rights + - Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, James Madison made their own vital contributions to the Enlightenment tradition | 63 | |
| 5479033955 | Bradstreet | first prominent woman poet | 64 | |
| 5478968578 | Phyllis Wheatley | 1st important African american writer. Abolitionists later point to her as proof that they are intellectually equal |  | 65 |
| 5478968565 | Treaty of Utrecht | 1713, ended Queen Ann's War, transferred large areas of French territory in North America to English including Nova Scotia and Newfoundland |  | 66 |
| 5478968577 | Paxton Revolt | They were a group of Scots-Irish men living in the Appalachian hills that wanted protection from Indian attacks. They made an armed march on Philadelphia in 1764. They protested the lenient way that the Quakers treated the Indians. Their ideas started the Regulator Movement in North Carolina. |  | 67 |
