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| 4889684702 | Roanoke | A colony organized by Sir Walter Raleigh in 1585 off the coast of Virginia |  | 0 |
| 4889684703 | Ferdinand Magellan | Portuguese explorer who became the first person to sail across the Pacific Ocean and to circumnavigate the globe. |  | 1 |
| 4889684704 | Christopher Columbus | Spanish explorer that exposed the Spanish to the North American continent in 1492. |  | 2 |
| 4889684705 | The Conquistadors | (Conquerors) individuals that collected and exported as much of the area`s wealth as they could. Ex: Hernando Cortez |  | 3 |
| 4889684706 | Hernando Cortez | Traveled to America in search of treasure, and became known as the most brutal, for his treatment of the Native Americans. |  | 4 |
| 4889684707 | Francisco Pizarro | Conquered Peru in 1532-1538, revealed to Europeans the wealth of the Inacs, opened the way for other advances into South America |  | 5 |
| 4889684708 | Columbian Exchange | Exchange of plants, animals, food and communicable diseases |  | 6 |
| 4889684709 | Encomienda | Spanish system, the crown granted colonists authority over a specified number of natives. Colonists had to protect the natives and convert them to Catholicism, in turn the colonist would be entitled to those natives' labor |  | 7 |
| 4889684710 | Jamestown | Funded by a joint-stock company ( a group of investors who bought the right to establish New World plantations from the king ) known as the Virginia Company. The first full male settlement, as they did not bring women on the voyage to the New World. |  | 8 |
| 4889684711 | Starving Time | Jamestown settlers suffered from starvation due to their lack of food, and being trapped within their settlement, due to angering the natives. |  | 9 |
| 4889684712 | Captain John Smith | Imposed order onto the community and organized raids on neighboring natives for food. Decreed "he who will not work shall not eat" |  | 10 |
| 4889684713 | John Rolfe | Pioneered the practice of growing tobacco as a cash crop to be exported to England. Since tobacco growth depleted the soil, the Virginia economy`s resulted in rapid expansion. The growth of tobacco also leads to the development of plantation slavery. |  | 11 |
| 4889684714 | Chesapeake Bay | (Virginia and Maryland) Experienced no Indian assaults, plagues or staving times. Encouraged the immigration of Protestants and Catholics. | 12 | |
| 4889684715 | Indentured Servitude | In exchange for free passage into the New World, individuals would promise to work seven years to the person that gave them free passage. They received a small piece of property when they were free. |  | 13 |
| 4889684716 | Head right System | Introduced by the Virginia Company in 1618, to attract more settlers to the region , as well as bring more labor to the tobacco farms. Each colonist and potential settler was granted 50 acres of land. Men that were already settled in Virginia were granted 100 acres of land. | 14 | |
| 4889684717 | House of Burgesses | Established in Virginia in 1619, and said that each property owning white male could vote. The decisions made by the House of Burgesses had to be approved by the Virginia Company. Bonus Fact: 1619 was the year that slavery was introduced into the English colonies. |  | 15 |
| 4889684718 | Spain in America | Conquered and enslaved the Natives. Made great efforts to convert the Native Americans to Catholicism. There were many mixed Spanish and Native American people and children. | 16 | |
| 4889684719 | France in America | Had friendlier relations with indigenous tribes. Adopted native practices. | 17 | |
| 4889684720 | England in America | Depended on Native Americans in different ways. 1. Slave Labor 2. as Allies 3. as Trading partners English colonies attempted to exclude Native Americans. When Native tribes became a problem to them, they launched wars of extermination. Ex: Powhatan Confederacy was destroyed by English "Indian fighters" in the 1640`s. | 18 | |
| 4889684721 | Calvinist | Believed that the way people led their lives might reveal to them their chances of salvation. Led a Protestant movement called Puritanism in England. | 19 | |
| 4889684722 | Separatist | Believed the Church of England was incapable of being reformed, so they decided they had to leave England. In 1620 in the Mayflower ship, they went into modern day Massachusetts. This settlement was known as Plymouth. | 20 | |
| 4889684723 | Mayflower Compact | While on the ship, the Separatist or " Pilgrims" signed an agreement establishing a "body politic" and a basic legal system for the colony. This created legal authority and an assembly, and also asserted that the government`s power derives from the consent of the governed and not from God, as some monarchists or Absolutists believed. | 21 | |
| 4889684724 | Plymouth | Pilgrim civilization ( Separatist). Squanto - A native helped the civilization by teaching them how to plant | 22 | |
| 4889684725 | Massachusetts Bay | Established by Congregationalists . Led by Governor John Winthrop and developed the civilization along Puritan ideals. | 23 | |
| 4889684726 | Congregationalists | Puritans who wanted to reform the Anglican church from within | 24 | |
| 4889684727 | "City Upon a Hill" | John Winthrop delivers this, and means that the colonists settlement should be a model for other to look up to. | 25 | |
| 4889684728 | Puritans | Believed they had a covenant with God, and the concept of covenants was central to their entire philosophy, in both political and religious terms. Theocratic society - the clergy and government worked together | 26 | |
| 4889684729 | Roger Williams | Minister in Salem Bay settlement, taught that church and state should be separate | 27 | |
| 4889684730 | Rhode Island Charter | Allowed for the free exercise of religion, and it did not require voters to be church members. | 28 | |
| 4889684731 | Anne Hutchinson | A prominent proponent of antinomianism, the belief that faith and God`s grace - as opposed to the observance of moral law and performance of good deeds - suffice to earn one a place among the "elect" | 29 | |
| 4889684732 | Connecticut | A proprietorship that was owned by one person, and received a charter in 1635. It produced the Fundamental Orders, usually considered the first written constitution in Britain and North America. | 30 | |
| 4889684733 | Act of Toleration | Passed by Maryland government in 1649 to protect the religious freedom of most Christians. | 31 | |
| 4889684734 | Pennsylvania | William Penn, a Quaker, est | 32 | |
| 4889684735 | William Penn | established liberal policies towards religious freedom and civil liberties in his colony. Attempted to treat Natives more fairly than did other colonies. Made a treaty with Delawares to take only as much land as could be walked by a man in three days. | 33 | |
| 4889684736 | Carolina | Proprietary colony. Split into North Carolina in 1729 and was run by Virginians , and South Carolina which was run by descendants of Englishmen who had colonized Barbados | 34 | |
| 4889684737 | Middle Passage | American Shipping Route that Brought slaves to the Americas | 35 | |
| 4889684738 | Slavery in the South | Flourished as a result of the nature of the land and the short growing season. The crops there were tobacco, indigo and rice, which were labor intensive. | 36 | |
| 4889684739 | Great Awakening | A series of religious revivial swept through the colonies in the 1730s. | 37 | |
| 4889684740 | Old Lights, New Lights | Two groups that debated over the issues of God during the Great Awakening. Old - rejected the Great awakening New - accepted the Great awakening | 38 | |
| 4889684741 | Cambridge Agreement | Used to colonize America in 1629, by allowing immigration of puritan settlers who would control the government and the charter of the Massachusetts Bay company. | 39 | |
| 4889684742 | Bacon`s Rebellion | Back country settlers in Virginia were being attacked by Native Americans. This rebellion showed o how unwilling the English settlers were to abide by earlier agreements with the natives, and how unwilling the Indians were to tolerate further white movement into their territory. o the bitterness of the competition between eastern and western landowners o something the potential for instability in the colony`s largest population if free, landless men. | 40 | |
| 4889684743 | Barbados Code | Adopted by Carolina in 1696 to control slaves at the will of their masters. Used to keep control in the society. | 41 | |
| 4889684744 | Maryland Slave Code 1661 | Defined slavery as a "lifelong, inheritable, racial status". Used to set up a distant place for the slaves in the society. | 42 | |
| 4889684745 | Stono Rebellion | Slave uprising in South Carolina in 1739. It significants let to white apprehension and led to a new slave code. | 43 | |
| 4889684746 | New England | Puritan Society | 44 | |
| 4889684747 | John Locke, Fundamental Constitution | Constitution meant to stabilize the government of Carolina by basing the social rank on one`s "land wealth." | 45 | |
| 4889684748 | Restoration Colonies | Enabled England to control the East Coast, Carolina, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. These colonies had governments that made a social hierarchy geared toward a dominant wealthy class. | 46 | |
| 4889684749 | Quakers | Belief that divine revelation is immediate and individual and that all persons may perceive the word of God in their soul. They rejected predestination and original sin. They granted women a position within the church generally equal to that of men. | 47 |
