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| 14579396244 | republicanism | the idea of society in which the people subordinate their private, selfish interests to common good, and elect representative government. | 0 | |
| 14579396245 | Whigs | this radical English political party planted ideas in the colonists' head of the corruption of the British monarchs, dukes and princes. | 1 | |
| 14579396246 | mercantilism | the theory that a country gained economic, military and political power from the amount of gold and silver in its treasury | 2 | |
| 14579396247 | Navigation Laws | laws that restricted colonial trade; made it so Britain completely controlled trade | 3 | |
| 14579396248 | paper money | the strain put upon the colonies' economy by trade with Britain forced them to print _________ ____________ | 4 | |
| 14579396249 | good money for ship parts, Virginia monopolized the tobacco industry, colonies were protected by the world's greatest army and navy | benefits of mercantilism for the colonies | 5 | |
| 14579396250 | stifled American economy - manufacturing specifically, created a dependence upon Britain, was debasing to colonists | cons to mercantilism for the colonies | 6 | |
| 14579396251 | taxes | Britain began to place these upon the colonies after the French and Indian War | 7 | |
| 14579396252 | George Grenville | this British prime minister began to strictly enforce the Navigation Laws and implemented the Sugar Act, the Quartering Act, and the Stampt | 8 | |
| 14579396253 | Sugar Act | this 1764 ruling increased tax on sugar imported from the West Indies | 9 | |
| 14579396254 | Quartering Act | this 1765 ruling forced the colonists to house soldiers | 10 | |
| 14579396255 | Stamp Act | this 1765 ruling required the use of taxed stamps on everything from playing cards to legal documents | 11 | |
| 14579396256 | Stamp Act Congress | they met in 1765 and drew up a document detailing their grievances | 12 | |
| 14579396257 | non-importation agreements | these stopped much trade with Britain in protest of the taxes - eventually caused the repeal of the Stamp Act | 13 | |
| 14579396258 | Sons of Liberty | this group spoke out against taxation in more violent ways, including tarring and feathering | 14 | |
| 14579396259 | Boston Massacre | March 5, 1770, a crowd of colonists began tauting a small squad of redcoats, who opened fire on the crowd and killed/injured 11 people | 15 | |
| 14579396260 | Boston Port Act | the Intolerable Act that closed the Boston Harbor until the damaged cargo was paid for | 16 | |
| 14579396261 | town meetings | the Intolerable Acts restricted this important aspect of self-government in New England... | 17 | |
| 14579396262 | Quebec Act | a law passed at the same time as the intolerable acts that ensured the French their Catholic religion, allowed them to keep old customs, and granted them land in the Ohio River Valley | 18 | |
| 14579396263 | The Association | a complete boycott of British goods (no import, no export, no comsumptions) | 19 | |
| 14579396264 | Lexington and Concord | The British sent a detachment her to "bag" rebels like Sam Adams and seize stores of gunpowder. They killed Americans at first, but were hit hard at the second location | 20 | |
| 14579396265 | Hessians, Indians, American Loyalists | the British enlisted the help of... | 21 | |
| 14579396266 | Marquis de Lafayette | a Frenchman who assisted the American colonies | 22 | |
| 14579396267 | disorganization | a major weakness of the colonies during Revolutionary War | 23 | |
| 14579396268 | supplies (ammuntion, food) | these were scarce; soldiers often went without the basic necessities for weeks | 24 | |
| 14579396269 | Paul Revere | Famous ride from Boston to Lexington "the British are coming." Revere was not alone on his mission to warn John Hancock, Samuel Adams and other patriots that the British were approaching Lexington on the evening of April 18, 1775. Two other men, William Dawes and Samuel Prescott, rode alongside him, and by the end of the night as many as 40 men on horseback were spreading the word across Boston's Middlesex County. Revere also never reached Concord, as the poem inaccurately recounts. Overtaken by the British, the three riders split up and headed in different directions. Revere was temporarily detained by the British at Lexington and Dawes lost his way after falling off his horse, leaving Prescott—a young physician who is believed to have died in the war several years later—the task of alerting Concord's residents. | 25 | |
| 14579396270 | Lexington | First battle of the American Revolution | 26 | |
| 14579396271 | Battle of Concord | Battle colonists won. | 27 | |
| 14579396272 | Second Continental Congress | Created Continental Army to fight British | 28 | |
| 14579396273 | Continental Army | The colonial forces, made up of volunteers | 29 | |
| 14579396274 | George Washington | 1st president and commander in chief of Continental Amry | 30 | |
| 14579396275 | Olive Branch Petition | a letter of peace drafted by the Second Continental Congress to Great Britain, colonists loyal to king, not parliament. | 31 | |
| 14579396276 | King of England during the American Revolution | Rejects Olive Branch Petition and sends more troops to Boston | 32 | |
| 14579396277 | Charles Townshend | Financial leader and a royal official in Britain, wanted to strengthen power of British Parliament | 33 | |
| 14579396278 | British East India Company | In 1773, Britain gave this company full monopoly of the American tea market Parliament passed law allowing company to sell to colonists directly - tea cheaper than smuggled tea even with tax | 34 | |
| 14579396279 | Boston Tea Party | 50 colonists dressed as native americans, boarded british ship, dumped 342 chests of tea into sea | 35 | |
| 14579396280 | Patriot | Colonists who wanted independence from Britain | 36 | |
| 14579396281 | Loyalist | American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence. | 37 | |
| 14579396282 | Intolerable Acts/Coercive Acts 1774 | Boston Port closed till destroyed tea was paid for Limited activity in town meetings in Boston More housing options for British troops Enlarged boundaries of Canada | 38 | |
| 14579396283 | Response to Intolerable Acts | -The first continental congress -boycott british trade | 39 | |
| 14579396284 | Self government | government of a country by its own people, especially after having been a colony. | 40 | |
| 14579396285 | Outcome of Acts | Protests, boycotts and riots | 41 | |
| 14579396286 | Enlightenment Ideas | Life, liberty, property / John Locke | 42 | |
| 14579396287 | Patrick Henry | Virginia Resolves describing enlightenment ideas | 43 | |
| 14579396288 | Virginia Resolves | Colonial assemblies had right to tax colonists | 44 | |
| 14579396289 | Virginia House of Burgesses | Accepted all but 2 of Virginia Resolves b/c too radical | 45 | |
| 14579396290 | Declaratory Act 1766 | stated that Parliament had the right to tax (control) the colonies in any way they wished | 46 | |
| 14579396291 | Ohio Valley | The French wanted this place so they could produce and trade fur | 47 | |
| 14579396292 | Fort Duquesne | Fort built by the French in modern day Pittsburg (which was considered colonists territory) in 1754. This is considered to be the first move in the French and Indian War. | 48 | |
| 14579396293 | George Washington | Man who led group to fort Duquesne, resulting in failure and many deaths | 49 | |
| 14579396294 | William Pitt | Replaces Washington as general and defeats French at Duquesne, which then is renamed after him | 50 | |
| 14579396295 | Join or die flag | This flag of a snake cut into pieces symbolized that if the colonists could not align and join the union, they would die | 51 | |
| 14579396296 | England's plan to pay off war debt | To pay off debt from the French and Indian war, England imposes taxes on colonists | 52 | |
| 14579396297 | Pontiac's rebellion | This rebellion was led by Pontiac (a Native American tribe leader) who was from the Great Lakes region and saw the British as a threat. Pontiac and the Ottowa tribe sought to drive the British out of their land by attacking and capturing their forts in the region which made the British fearful of native Americans. | 53 | |
| 14579396298 | Jeffrey Amherst | British general who intentionally gave small pox infected blankets to native Americans (this is considered the introduction to chemical warfare) which results in England winning the French and Indian war and claiming the ceded land | 54 | |
| 14579396299 | King George III | King who colonists rebel against - put many taxes and laws in place considered almost too strict towards colonists after years salutary neglect | 55 | |
| 14579396300 | Proclamation of 1763 | This states that colonists could not move west of the Appalachian mountains after the French and Indian war. This was mostly set because the British felt threatened by Native Americans and viewed them as dangerous. | 56 | |
| 14579396301 | Salutary neglect | When England did not enforce strict parliamentary rules upon colonists, because they believed that the colonies would stay loyal and obedient. However, the colonists developed a sense of independence and wanted freedom from the British | 57 | |
| 14579396302 | Taxation without representation is tyranny | This phrase was first said by James Otis. It means that since the colonists aren't represented in government, but have to abide by British law, the British unjustly have power over them | 58 | |
| 14579396303 | Tar and feather | Common punishment in the 18th century where a person would be covered all over their body with hot tar and then covered in feathers | 59 | |
| 14579396304 | Sons of liberty | A group led by Paul Revere, Samuel Adams and John Hancock that protested against acts set by parliament. First public rebellion was against Stamp Act (1765) and most famous rebellion was the Boston Tea party. They would tar and feather people such as tax collectors. | 60 | |
| 14579396305 | Samuel Adams | One of the leaders of Sons of Liberty, opposed to taxes and acts by parliament, founding father and politician in colonial Massachusetts | 61 | |
| 14579396306 | Townshend Acts | (1770) stated that an import tax would be placed on items such as glass, lead, paint, paper and tea. Sons of Liberty protested against it and attacked customs officials which resulted in British troops being sent to Boston. Parliament later repealed all except tea tax | 62 | |
| 14579396307 | Crispus Attucks | African American killed in Boston massacre, first casualty of the American revolution | 63 | |
| 14579396308 | John Adams | Cousin to Samuel Adams, defended red coat soldiers in court because it was just, helped them to be acquitted | 64 | |
| 14579396309 | Treaty of Paris | British get Canada, Great Lakes, Ohio Valley, and Florida. The French are driven out of North America, the Mississippi River is the new boundary. The British have no checks now in the new world. | 65 | |
| 14579396310 | Albany Plan of Union | Ben Franklin's 1754 proposal to form one government for a group of Britain's colonies in North America | 66 | |
| 14579396311 | First Continental Congress | The Bostonians' actions outraged Parliament and the Crown. To punish Boston, Parliament passed the Coercive Acts. These laws closed the port of Boston to trade until inhabitants paid for the destroyed tea, including the tax on te tea. They also increased the power of the governor at the expense of the elected assembly and town meetings. To enforce these measures, the British sent warships and troops to Boston. in 1774 in response to the Intolerable Acts, figures like John Adams, George Washington, and Patrick Henry were chosen as delegate from colonies to meet in Philadelphia and discuss Britain's unfair taxes and rules | 67 | |
| 14579396312 | Divine Right of Kings | a political and religious doctrine of royal and political legitimacy. It asserts that a monarch is subject to no earthly authority, deriving the right to rule directly from the will of God. | 68 | |
| 14579396313 | Social Contract | In both moral and political philosophy, the social contract is a theory that originated during the Age of Enlightenment and concerns the legitimacy of the authority of the state over the individual. Social contract states that individuals have consented, either explicitly or tacitly, to surrender some of their freedoms and submit to the authority of the ruler (or to the decision of a majority) in exchange for protection of their remaining rights. Therefore, the relation between natural and legal rights is often a topic of social contract theory. The term takes its name from The Social Contract (French: Du contrat social ou Principes du droit politique), a 1762 book by Jean-Jacques Rousseau that discussed this concept. | 69 | |
| 14579396314 | French & Indian War | a conflict in North America, lasting from 1754 to 1763 that was a part of a worldwide struggle between France and Britain and ended with the defeat of the French and the transfer of French Canada to Britain. | 70 | |
| 14579396315 | Colonial smuggling | colonial merchants traded illegally in goods enumerated in the Navigation Acts and in the Corn and Manufacturing laws passed in the 1660s. The smuggling started when the British passed strict laws on trade. | 71 | |
| 14579396316 | Declaration of Independence | the document written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 in which the delegates of the Continental Congress declared independence from the British | 72 | |
| 14579396317 | Magna Carta | would inspire American colonists a few hundred years later to declare independence from the British themselves. Around one-third of the provisions in the United States' Bill of Rights draw from the Magna Carta, particularly from its 39th clause: "No freeman shall be taken, imprisoned, disseised, outlawed, banished, or in any way destroyed, nor will we proceed against or prosecute him, except by the lawful judgment of his peers and by the law of the land." | 73 | |
| 14579396318 | What were arguments FOR the colonies declaring independence from England? | They believed the British were treating the colonists unfairly. The British passed many tax laws that impacted the colonists. The colonists had no representatives in Parliament to vote on or discuss these laws. In English government, the people had to have representatives who could vote on taxes that would affect them. The colonists had no such voice in British government. Thus, they believed these taxes were unfair and illegal. The colonists also felt the British were limiting what the colonists could do. By passing the Proclamation of 1763, the colonists were not allowed to move west of the Appalachian Mountains. The colonists wanted to go here so they could get land cheaply. | 74 | |
| 14579396319 | What were arguments AGAINST the colonies declaring independence from England? | Most colonists continued to quietly accept British rule until Parliament's enactment of the Tea Act in 1773, a bill designed to save the faltering British East India Company by greatly lowering its tea tax and granting it a monopoly on the American tea trade. The low tax allowed the company to undercut even tea smuggled into America by Dutch traders, and many colonists viewed the act as another example of taxation tyranny. In response, militant colonists in Massachusetts organized the "Boston Tea Party," which saw British tea valued at some £18,000 dumped into Boston Harbor. Parliament, outraged by the Boston Tea Party and other blatant acts of destruction of British property, enacted the Coercive Acts, called the Intolerable Acts by the colonists, in 1774. The Coercive Acts closed Boston to merchant shipping, established formal British military rule in Massachusetts, made British officials immune to criminal prosecution in America and required colonists to quarter British troops. In response, the colonists called the first Continental Congress to consider united American resistance to the British. With the other colonies watching intently, Massachusetts led the resistance to the British, forming a shadow revolutionary government and establishing militias to resist the increasing British military presence across the colony. | 75 | |
| 14579396320 | What was the social position of the framers of the Constitution and how did that effect the government created by the Constitution? | they were the wealthy calss and they wanted to protect themselves | 76 | |
| 14579396321 | John Locke | - Thomas Jefferson ranked him, along with his compatriot Algernon Sidney, as the most important thinkers on liberty. he helped inspire Thomas Paine's radical ideas about revolution. Locke fired up George Mason. From him, James Madison drew his most fundamental principles of liberty and government. - "life, liberty, and property" | 77 |
